Control algorithms and signals of the pnevmotransport system stations at the enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex

Автоматическое управление любым технологическим процессом предусматривает непрерывный или периодический контроль параметров, определяющих данный технологический процесс. Для горных, обогатительных, металлургических заводов и фабрик таким параметром является химический состав исходного сырья, флюсов, используемых реагентов, промежуточных продуктов, готовой продукции, отвальных хвостов и сбрасываемых сточных вод. Информацию о химическом составе этих продуктов получают путем отбора и последующего анализа представительных проб. Целью данной работы является разработка системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, основанной на применении унифицированных узлов, функционирующих под управлением универсальной микропроцессорной системы. Решение поставленной задачи позволяет упростить процесс адаптации системы к конкретному технологическому процессу, повысить ее надежность за счет применения унифицированных узлов и упростить обслуживание в процессе эксплуатации. Разработана схема системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, в состав которой входят станции, обслуживающие процесс транспортировки контейнера. Станции выполнены на основе унифицированных узлов и элементов. К таким узлам станций относятся: пневмоцилиндры, электропневматические клапана, распределители, магнитные датчики. Эти узлы и элементы предназначены для перемещения транспортного контейнера как внутри станций, так и по транспортному трубопроводу. Управление узлами станций системы осуществляется с помощью микропроцессорной системы управления. В статье проведена оптимизация сигналов управления, формируемых как внутри станций, так и поступающих от вспомогательных устройств транспортной системы. Сигналы управления позволяют реализовать оптимальные алгоритмы функционирования системы. Разработаны алгоритмы реализующие различные режимы функционирования станций. Разработана принципиальная схема микропроцессорной системы управления на основе современной элементной базы. Разработанная система управления отличается универсальностью, легко адаптируется для выполнения различных режимов работы станций, это позволяет расширять функциональные возможности системы. Automatic control of any technological process provides for continuous or periodic monitoring of the parameters that determine this technological process. For mining, processing, metallurgical plants and factories, such a parameter is the chemical composition of the feedstock, fluxes, reagents used, intermediate products, finished products, dump tailings and discharged wastewater. Information about the chemical composition of these products is obtained by selecting and then analyzing representative samples. The purpose of this work is to develop a container delivery system for technological materials based on the use of unified nodes operating under the control of a universal microprocessor system. The solution of this task makes it possible to simplify the process of adapting the system to a specific technological process, increase its reliability through the use of unified nodes and simplify maintenance during operation. The scheme of the container delivery system of technological materials, which includes stations serving the process of container transportation, has been developed. The stations are made on the basis of unified nodes and elements. Such nodes of the stations include: pneumatic cylinders, electropneumatic valves, distributors, magnetic sensors.

Analysis of Strength of VDA 4500 Type Container Palletizing Robot Manipulator Gripper

An analysis of the company's existing palletizing process has been performed, and the most appropriate method of process modernization has been selected accordingly. Also, a robot was selected according to the type of container to be palletized and its weight. A prototype of a robot manipulator gripper has been designed. The load calculation of the gripper levers was performed, the pneumatic cylinders for the lever control were selected. Lever strength analysis was also performed. The gripper mass was determined.

The THE EFFECT OF HUMID TROPICAL CLIMATE ON FRICTION CHARACTERISTIC OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

The pneumatic cylinder is influenced by many various factors at work, including the climate environment. The climatic environment consists of two characteristic factors as temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), which change according to seasons and different geographical regions. Therefore, changing the climate characteristic factors will affect the friction characteristic of pneumatic cylinders when operating at different speeds. This article presents empirical research on the simultaneous effects of temperature and relative humidity of the environment with the humid tropical climate in Vietnam on the pneumatic cylinder's friction properties. According to experimental planning, the studies were conducted on industrial pneumatic cylinders with two input factors: the temperature of 150C, 320C and 490C and relative humidity of 51%, 75% and 99%, with velocities of 30, 50 and 100 mm/s. The results show that the static friction force and dynamic friction decrease when T, RH increases, and the influence of air relative humidity on friction force is more significant than temperature. The experiment also gives an empirical regression equation on the relationship of friction in the pneumatic cylinder, depending on the two factors of temperature and relative humidity of the humid tropical climate in Vietnam with velocities of 30, 50 and 100 mm/s.

Mathematical models of resonance and antiresonance processes

The use of the symbolic (complex) method has significantly simplified the study of resonance and near-resonance phenomena, in particular, it has made it possible to deeply unify and formalize the consideration of various mechanical systems. The cumbersome and time-consuming operations associated with composing and solving differential equations have been replaced by simple algebraic transformations. The method is based on the mechanical analogue of Ohm’s law in a complex representation and the concept of mechanical reactance, resistance, impedance, susseptance, conductance and admittance. Resonances and antiresonances of forces and velocities are determined. Resonances occur when the elements are connected in parallel with a force source, or when the elements are connected in series with a velocity source. Antiresonances occur when a parallel connection and a speed source are combined, or a serial connection and a force source are combined. These concepts are a generalization to mechanics of the concepts of «voltage source» and «current source» from theoretical electrical engineering. The closest to the source of speed in its properties is a crank-rocker (connecting rod) mechanism with a massive flywheel. The source of force corresponds more to the rod of the significantly smaller of the two connected pneumatic cylinders.

Simulation of Pneumatic Systems Using Automation StudioTM Software Platform

Nowadays, more and more industrial applications use pneumatic systems instead of hydraulic, electrical or mixed systems. This article presents the applicability of pneumatic engines for compressed air vehicles (CAV) from the perspective of their simulation on the Automation Studio software platform. It is desired to use the mechanical work produced by only pneumatic cylinders taken over by a mechanical system that transforms the linear motion into a rotational one, this helping to propel the CAV. A feature of this engine is the limited quantity of compressed air at disposal (a reservoir). Also, the most efficient operation of the pneumatic cylinders is studied to achieve the operation with low consumption of compressed air, thus leading to increased performances. The current simulation was run without the use of specific electric/electronic equipment (PLC /PACs). Therefore, the pneumatic devices had assured the command and control of the system.