Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Particulate Filled and Short Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics: Detection and Analysis by Acoustic Emission Testing

Acoustic emission, the detection of signals during deformation, is a frequently used method for the study of local deformation processes occurring in heterogeneous polymer systems. Most of these processes result in the evolution of elastic waves which can be detected by appropriate sensors. The analysis of several parameters characterizing the waves offers valuable information about the possible deformation mechanism. The acoustic emission testing of composites may yield very different number of signals from a few hundred to more than 100,000. This latter was proved to be affected mainly by particle size, interfacial adhesion and composition, but other factors, such as matrix modulus and specimen size, also influence it. Local deformation processes are claimed to have a strong effect on macroscopic properties. Indeed, a close correlation was found between the initiation stress of the dominating particle related process derived from acoustic emission testing and the tensile strength in both polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. However, in polyamide (PA)-based heterogeneous polymer systems, deformations related to the matrix dominated composite properties. Besides forecasting failure, the method makes possible the determination of the inherent strength of lignocellulosic fibers being around 40 MPa as well as the quantitative estimation of adhesion strength for composites in which interactions are created by mechanisms other than secondary forces. The proposed approach based on acoustic emission testing proved that in PP/CaCO3 composites, the strength of adhesion can be increased by ten times from about 100 mJ/m2 to almost 1000 mJ/m2 in the presence of a functionalized polymer.

Characterization of acoustic emission signals under 3-point bending test

This paper summarizes a master’s thesis project which explored whether the characteristics of Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) signals can be used to detect yielding in steel samples undergoing a three-point bending test. A subset of existing data from a three-point bending test was exported and used as input. Data was processed by utilizing and developing tools to visualize and analyse the signal characteristics, primarily through a parameter-based approach. Signals were visualized, and parameters were optimized to identify and classify signal types. According to the obtained results, some limitations on classification were experienced due to the length of the hit data recorded. Though the work reported in this article lead to a reliable method for detecting yielding, the developed algorithms were not successful in identifying characteristics that could be used to detect yielding.

Comparison and research of acoustic emission testing standards for atmospheric storage tank

The acoustic emission testing standards ASTM E1930, BS EN 15856, JB/T 10764 and Q/SY GD 0211 for atmospheric storage tank are compared and analysed. Combined with production practice, the revision direction and reference suggestions of acoustic emission testing standards for atmospheric tank were proposed.

Emission Characteristics of Third Grade Oil Converted Sesame Biodiesel

The demand and usage of fossil fuels has been increasing drastically, leading us to search for alternate fuels. The sesame seed is selected as an alternate fuel source, as a focus for this research paper. The sesame biodiesel is a type of fuel that has been obtained through the transesterification process from sesame oil using base catalyst transesterification. The sesame biodiesel was blended with four different ratios B10, B20, B30 and B40, among which B20 resulted with better stability, tested in the Kirloskar 240PE VCR engine at a compression ratio of 17.5:1 and 18:1 in various loads. The FTIR test was performed on sesame biodiesel, and it has shown that ester content was present in the test sample confirming its usage as the biodiesel. The fuel properties were found for all the three: sesame oil, sesame biodiesel(B20), diesel and it was found to be within the permissible limit. The result reveals that B20 is the best possible blend that has given good results in emission characteristics. The smoke emission testing was done on AVL emission analyser. It has been noted and observed that there is good reduction in CO, CO2, and HC than with standard diesel rate at all loads. An increased amount of NOx is observed as the load increases. It was also noted among the two compression ratios, 18:1 depicted best results considering the emission levels. It is observed that the sesame biodiesel can be used in IC diesel engines with a better outcome than the standard diesel rate. Hence, the work established the need for conversion of sesame seed oil to biodiesel and also suggests that sesame oil could be effectively used as feedstock for biodiesel production.

Preparation of Biodiesel from Castor Oil and Performance Evaluation in VCR Engine

Biodiesel can be used as Alternative fuel and acts as Renewable energy source. Rapid growth in industrialization of developing countries is resulting in increasing demand for new and eco-friendly energy sources. In this present research biodiesel was prepared from Castor oil by esterification and Transesterification process. The castor oil biodiesel produced was blended with diesel to obtain B10.Performance evaluation was carried out in VCR engine and emission testing was done by Gas analyzer to know the percentage of CO,HC, NOX and comparison study was done with diesel and biodiesel blend. In this study it was found that NOx emission rate of biodiesel blend increases while percentage of CO, HC increases. Also various performance indicators such as break mean effective pressure, specific fuel consumption; break thermal efficiency was plotted with respect to variation of load by using VCR engine.

Acoustic Emission Testing and Ib-Value Analysis of Ultraviolet Light-Irradiated Fiber Composites

The failure behavior of composites under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was investigated by acoustic emission (AE) testing and Ib-value analysis. AE signals were acquired from woven glass fiber/epoxy specimens tested under tensile load. Cracks initiated earlier in UV-irradiated specimens, with a higher crack growth rate in comparison to the pristine specimen. In the UV-degraded specimen, a serrated fracture surface appeared due to surface hardening and damaged interfaces. All specimens displayed a linearly decreasing trend in Ib-values with an increasing irradiation time, reaching the same value at final failure even when the starting values were different.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN EMISI GAS BUANG DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Pelaksanaan pengujian emisi gas buang pada kendaraan bermotor diperoleh gejala-gejala berdasarkan observasi bahwa pelaksanaan uji emisi gas buang di Kabupaten Bandung sangat jarang dilakukan, banyaknya kendaraan bermotor jika diamati mengeluarkan asap dari knalpotnya yang menandakan tingginya pencemaran udara, dan uji emisi gas buang hanya dilaksanakan pada kendaraan tertentu khususnya berkaitan dengan emisi gas buang yang sudah memasukkan prosedur pengujian emisi gas buang kendaraan. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui implementasi kebijakan penanganan emisi gas buang yang dilakukan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penelitian adalah teori implementasi kebijakan. Sesuai dengan karakteristik penelitian, pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan studi metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif objek penelitian di dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung , adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan adalah studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan seperti observasi dan wawancara. Sementara pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan pengolahan literatur, dokumen, perundang-undangan serta hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data hasil wawancara serta membandingkan wawancara dengan isi dokumen yang berkaitan. The implementation of exhaust emission testing in motorized vehicles shows symptoms based on the observation that the implementation of exhaust emission tests in Bandung Regency is very rarely carried out, the number of motorized vehicles that when observed emits smoke from their exhausts which indicates high air pollution, and exhaust emission tests are only carried out in certain vehicles, in particular with regard to exhaust gas emissions that have included the vehicle exhaust emission testing procedure.Based on this phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the implementation of exhaust gas emission management policies carried out by the Bandung Regency Transportation Agency. The theory used as a research guide is the theory of policy implementation. In accordance with the characteristics of the research, this research approach uses qualitative research methods with descriptive design, while data collection is carried out in the form of library research and field studies such as observations and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data collection is carried out by processing literature, documents, legislation and the results of previous research. The data analysis used was triangulation of interview data and comparing interviews with the contents of related documents