On the Practical Relevance of Bifurcation and Chaos in Chemical and Biochemical Reaction Engineering

Fractals ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 549-560
Author(s):  
S. S. E. H. Elnashaie ◽  
A. E. Abasaeed ◽  
G. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Bifurcation And Chaos

This paper presents a condensed exposition of some of the research work on the bifurcation and chaotic behavior of industrially and fundamentally important chemical and biochemical reaction engineering systems. Two cases are presented: a forced industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit and an enzymatic system. The Poincare bifurcation diagrams obtained for both cases reveal their richness in dynamic behavior. Various routes to chaotic behavior have been identified including period doubling, intermittency, crisis.

A Comprehensive Approach to Reaction Engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Mahecha-Botero ◽  
John R. Grace ◽  
Said S.E.H. Elnashaie ◽  
C. Jim Lim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Biochemical Engineering ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineering Problems

A generalized modeling approach is used to develop a systematic algorithm for formulating and solving chemical/biochemical reaction engineering problems. This systematic approach is general enough that it can treat different systems with varying degrees of complexity utilizing the same methodology. The procedure can be used in both introductory and advanced chemical/biochemical reaction engineering courses. This will provide the students with a powerful "toolkit" to tackle a wide range of academic and industrial engineering problems as well as a solid starting point for developing research projects in this field. This may also allow the students to have a better understanding of the multiple phenomena encountered in chemical/biochemical engineering systems and encourage them to prepare models at an optimum level of sophistication for design, optimization, and exploration of novel ideas.

Robust Estimation-Based Control of Chaotic Behavior in an Oscillator with Inertial and Elastic Symmetric Nonlinearities

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Al-Qaisia ◽  
A. M. Harb ◽  
A. A. Zaher ◽  
M. A. Zohdy
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillator ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Bifurcation And Chaos ◽  
Transition To Chaos ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Forced Nonlinear Oscillator ◽  
Period Doubling Bifurcations

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a forced nonlinear oscillator with inertial and elastic symmetric nonlinearities using modern nonlinear, bifurcation and chaos theories. The results for the response have shown that, for a certain combination of physical parameters, this oscillator exhibits a chaotic behavior or a transition to chaos through a sequence of period doubling bifurcations. The main objective of this paper is to control the chaotic behavior for this type of oscillator. A nonlinear estimation-based controller is proposed and the transient performance is investigated. The design of the parameter update mechanism is analyzed while discussing ways to extend its performance to further account for other types of uncertainties. We examine robustness problems as well as ways to tune the controller parameters. Simulation results are presented for the uncontrolled and controlled cases, verifying the effectiveness and the capability of the proposed controller. Finally, a discussion and conclusions are given with possible future extensions.

Two-Dimensional Reaction Engineering Model of the Riser Section of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (18) ◽  
pp. 5571-5581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Berry ◽  
Timothy R. McKeen ◽  
Todd S. Pugsley ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Engineering Model

Dynamics, Synchronization and Electronic Implementations of a New Lorenz-like Chaotic System with Nonhyperbolic Equilibria

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1950197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Kamdem Kuate ◽  
Qiang Lai ◽  
Hilaire Fotsin
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Lorenz System ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Adaptive Synchronization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
The Lorenz System

The Lorenz system has attracted increasing attention on the issue of its simplification in order to produce the simplest three-dimensional chaotic systems suitable for secure information processing. Meanwhile, Sprott’s work on elegant chaos has revealed a set of 19 chaotic systems all described by simple algebraic equations. This paper presents a new piecewise-linear chaotic system emerging from the simplification of the Lorenz system combined with the elegance of Sprott systems. Unlike the majority, the new system is a non-Shilnikov chaotic system with two nonhyperbolic equilibria. It is multiplier-free, variable-boostable and exclusively based on absolute value and signum nonlinearities. The use of familiar tools such as Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams, frequency power spectra as well as Poincaré map help to demonstrate its chaotic behavior. The novel system exhibits inverse period doubling bifurcations and multistability. It has only five terms, one bifurcation parameter and a total amplitude controller. These features allow a simple and low cost electronic implementation. The adaptive synchronization of the novel system is investigated and the corresponding electronic circuit is presented to confirm its feasibility.

scholarly journals Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yufei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Petroleum Refining Industry

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”

Combined mild hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking process for efficient conversion of light cycle oil into high-quality gasoline

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 120364
Author(s):  
Peipei Miao ◽  
Xiaolin Zhu ◽  
Yangling Guo ◽  
Jie Miao ◽  
Mengyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Light Cycle Oil ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Cycle Oil ◽  
Cracking Process

scholarly journals Period-doubling bifurcation analysis and chaos control for load torque using FLC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Moustafa ◽  
Abdel-Azem Sobaih ◽  
Belal Abozalam ◽  
Amged Sayed A. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Chaos Control ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Parameter Variation ◽  
Period Doubling Bifurcation ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviors ◽  
Scientific Fields

AbstractChaotic phenomena are observed in several practical and scientific fields; however, the chaos is harmful to systems as they can lead them to be unstable. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze the bifurcation of permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor and develop a controller that can suppress chaotic behavior resulted from parameter variation such as the loading effect. The nonlinear behaviors of PMDC motors were investigated by time-domain waveform, phase portrait, and Floquet theory. By varying the load torque, a period-doubling bifurcation appeared which in turn led to chaotic behavior in the system. So, a fuzzy logic controller and developing the Floquet theory techniques are applied to eliminate the bifurcation and the chaos effects. The controller is used to enhance the performance of the system by getting a faster response without overshoot or oscillation, moreover, tends to reduce the steady-state error while maintaining its stability. The simulation results emphasize that fuzzy control provides better performance than that obtained from the other controller.

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