ENTREPRENEURIAL ANOMALIES WITHIN CHINA’S STATE ENTERPRISES

1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Richard A Maschmeyer ◽  
Minnie Yi-Miin Yen ◽  
Ji-Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Responsibility System

Since 1979, market oriented reforms have resulted in several initiatives that promote entrepreneurial activities within state enterprises of the Peoples’ Republic of China. This paper discusses the entrepreneurial characteristics implied within the State Enterprise Law, the Bankruptcy Law and the Contract Responsibility System (CRS). In spite of these well intentioned reform initiatives, state enterprises are currently facing serious financial difficulties. The effectiveness of these entrepreneurial type initiatives in the presence of the enterprises’ deteriorating economic performance is discussed.

Competition Policy and State Enterprises in the U.K.

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-956
Author(s):  
Brian Chiplin ◽  
Mike Wright
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Enterprises

The application of competition policy to nationalized industries (state enterprises) has been strengthened recently in the United Kingdom. Section 11(1) of the 1980 Competition Act broadened the Monopolies Commission oversight of state enterprises. In practice, the Commission will conduct an efficiency audit of each major nationalized industry every four years. The Commission will focus its review on the quality of services, manpower utilization and productivity, and pricing, distribution and purchasing methods of the state enterprise. These efficiency audits have been fairly well received. Their cost-effectiveness and the follow-through on the Commission's recommendations remain to be demonstrated.

scholarly journals The comporative study of the state enterprises in the Czech and European law

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Jana Hroch
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The subject of this paper concerns the state enterprise in the Czech and European Law. In this paper the attention is paid especially to the primary law arrangement, involved in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. These problems are tightly connected with the area of the Competition Law in the EU single market. There is very important the comparison of public enterprises and the state monopolies in the European Law with the legal arrangement of the state enterprises in the legal order of the Czech Republic. The focus is then on finding similarities or differences in both legal regulations that might cause problems. The point is to suggest a regulation enabling to overcome possible discrepancies. At the end we summarize the results drawing respective conclusions and formulating subjects for discussion.

scholarly journals Economic essence of state enterprises, their types and classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Iryna PARASIY-VERGUNENKO ◽  
◽  
Yulia SAMBORSKA-MUZYCHKO ◽  
Larysa GNYLYTSKA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Enterprises

In the article proves the prominent role of state enterprises as an important tool of nation’s socio-economic development. The definition "state enterprise" are investigated in the economic point. The types of state enterprises are analyses on the basis of various normative documents and classifiers and according to international standards. Peculiarities of activity of unitary and corporate state enterprises, state-owned enterprises, communal enterprises are considered. The classification of types of state enterprises has been improved through the separation of various classification indicators, with their systematization, in particular: types of state property (state, state-owned, communal); institutional indicators (state non-financial corporations, state financial corporations); goals of enterprise formation (state enterprises with commercial goals of formation; state enterprises with non-commercial goals of formation; state enterprises with mixed goals); ownership structure and number of owners (unitary, corporate); the size of the share of state ownership (enterprises that are fully owned by the state, enterprises where the state owns a significant share of shares - more than 50%, where the state has the right to make decisions); legal form of the enterprise (open joint-stock companies, closed joint-stock companies, corporations, holdings, concerns, etc.). Proposed classification of types of state-owned enterprises creates a methodological basis for the implementation of mechanisms for operational control over the efficiency of state property. The dynamics of the number of state-owned enterprises in Ukraine is analyzed and the main tendencies are determined. The peculiarities of the activity of state enterprises in the context of state functions performed by them are determined. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of state-owned enterprises in two areas: economic and social. The tasks of state enterprises depending on the purposes of their creation and spheres of functioning are substantiated as well.

Power Supply for State-Owned Enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Denis Shepelev ◽  
Dina Shepeleva ◽  
Natalia Kondrakhina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Legal Entities

This article presents a comprehensive study of energy supply problems for state-owned enterprises. The categories considered (financial activity, legal interests, energy system) allow to reveal the special importance of state enterprises for the state economy. Identification of energy supply problems of state-owned enterprises will allow to assess the optimal power capacities of the public legal sector. The revealed regularities of the energy potential will allow us to assess the risks when planning and predicting energy efficiency. The dynamics of the increase in the consumption of electricity by state enterprises is traced, at the same time as the search for alternative sources of resource support is on. The developed infrastructure of state-owned enterprises implies the search for technologically justified solutions to obtain energy resources in an innovative way. Recommended approach of energy saving systems usage will allow the enterprise manages to optimize the costs. State enterprise is a unique organizational and legal form with the participation of public and legal entities that allow the state to participate in economic processes in the most optimal, efficient and effective way and realize the most significant state tasks. Such tasks include: implementation of public interests, provision of society with necessary goods and services, implementation of separately subsidized activities, production of military equipment, cartridges, gunpowder, chemical production, disposal of hazardous waste. These tasks emphasize a special priority for the presence of public legal entities in this sector of the economy. The legal nature of state enterprises allows for the most effective implementation of this activity.

scholarly journals Indonesia�s State Enterprises: from State Leadership to International Consensus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Sungkar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
State Budget ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
State Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Enterprises

The survival of state-owned enterprises and continued investment by the state was assisted by high rates of economic growth in Indonesia throughout the 1980s. The currency crisis in the region, which began in mid-1997, destroyed the expectation that rapid growth would continue. In this climate, the loss-making state companies were a serious financial burden, and privatisation has been promoted as a quick solution. It appears that the crisis reintroduced momentum for reform in the huge state-enterprise sector. In response to IMF pressure and its own fiscal difficulties, the government took several measures to reform the state sector. The economic crisis provided a catalyst because it forced the government to assess more seriously the value of state companies. There was an urgent need to sell state-owned assets to relieve the state budget when economic recovery slowed. This paper examines the efforts to reform the state sector during ten years of Reformasi, including the debate over privatisation and the emergence of strong resistance to reform. It appears that the crisis has strengthened the hand of reformers seeking to privatise the state sector. However, despite the logic of government efforts to reform inefficient state companies, there has been a battle with each step towards privatisation.

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF JOB INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OUTPUT DOSIMETRIC CONTROL ON THE REGIME TERRITORY OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE «PRYDNIPROVSKYI CHEMICAL PLANT»

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
A. Andrieieva ◽  
◽  
Ye. Tiurin ◽  
T. Obukhova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Plant ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise

Мета: Відповідно до сфери діяльності служби радіаційного контролю ДП «38 ВІТЧ» території колишнього уранового виробництва ВО «ПХЗ» необхідно виявити загальні та специфічні особливості несення служби підрозділу та запропонувати розробку універсальної інструкції при здійсненні вихідного дозиметричного контролю на режимній території ВО «ПХЗ». Методика: аналіз дослідження дозволив виявити характерні закономірності впливу природних і антропогенних джерел іонізуючих випромінювання на величину ефективної дози опромінення населення та сучасна концепція радіаційного захисту людини. Результати: встановлені завдання вихідного радіаційного контролю, вихідного радіаційного експрес-контролю, проведення другого рівня радіаційного контролю, оптимізовані права та обов’язки співробітників служби дозиметричного контролю. Розроблений порядок та інструкція проведення вихідного радіаційного контролю вантажів та транспортних засобів. Регламентовані радіаційні параметри, що підлягають контролю. Обґрунтований раціональний перелік обов'язків дозиметриста, щодо переміщення через КПП режимної території. Наукова новизна: підвищення рівня безпеки на території колишнього виробничого об’єднання ВО «ПХЗ», що відображають усі аспекти діяльності служби радіаційного контролю. Практичне значення: При наявності на підприємстві затверджених інструкцій (особливо щодо перетину периметру режимної території), всі ланки (служби) підприємства ДП «38 ВІТЧ» ясно розумують, які обов’язки повинні виконувати, що в свою чергу поліпшує атмосферу в колективі та зменшує вірогідність похибки при вхідному або вихідному радіаційному контролі. Ключові слова: вихідний та вхідний радіаційний контроль, контрольно-пропускний пункт (КПП), дозиметрист, інструкція, вантаж, транспортний засіб, дозові рівні.

Institutional Transformation and Enterprise Change in an Emergent Capitalist Economy: The Case of Hungary

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whitley ◽  
Laszlo Czaban
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
State Enterprises

The collapse of state socialism in Eastern Europe has transformed many of the institutions governing state enterprises and was expected to lead to radical changes in enterprise structures and practices. This was especially so where ownership had changed. However, just as new constitutions do not create liberal democracies overnight, so too the withdrawal of the state from direct control over the economy and privatization does not automatically generate dramatic enterprise transformations. This study of 27 Hungarian enterprises in the early 1990s shows that products and the markets served changed remarkably little, and the employment and organizational changes that have taken place in most enterprises have been less radical than might be expected. Ownership changes have not always led to major shifts in control, nor have private owners implemented sharply different policies from state controllers. The highly fluid institutional environment limited the commitment to, and capacity for, major strategic changes in most substantial Hungarian enterprises. Where changes have occurred, they have been most significant in: (a) state enterprises that are in severe financial difficulties, and (b) companies controlled by foreign firms.

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