SURFACE-INITIATED ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE FROM ACTIVATED CARBON POWDER WITH HOMOGENIZED SURFACE GROUPS

The well-defined poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) brushes were grafted from the surfaces of the activated carbon (AC) powder with the controlled/"living" radical polymerization technique. First, surface functional groups of the AC powder were homogenized to hydroxyl groups by oxidizing with nitric acid and then reducing with lithium tetrahydroaluminate ( LiAlH 4) at first. Second, the surface hydroxyl groups were treated with bromoacetylbromide, and the bromoacetyl groups were introduced. And in the third step, the bromoacetyl activated carbon ( BrA-AC ) powder were used as macro-initiators for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(I)Br as catalyst in a water system. The graft parameters calculated from the elemental analyses (EA) results, conversion of monemer (C%) and percentage of grafting (PG%) were 5.74% and 28.7%, respectively, after polymerizing for 5 h. The graft polymerizations exhibited the characteristics of a controlled/"living" polymerization, and no homopolymer was found in the proposed polymerizing process. The preparation procedure of the poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) grafted activated carbon (PHEA-AC) powder was also investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The PHEA-AC powder is expected to be used as selective adsorbents because of their abundant homogenized surface hydroxyl groups.

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Characterization of electrospun polylactide nanofibers modified via atom transfer radical polymerization

Journal of Industrial Textiles ◽

10.1177/1528083720930381 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152808372093038 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Mushtaq ◽

Rahim Jindani ◽

Amjad Farooq ◽

Xin Li ◽

Hina Saba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Surface Grafting ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

X Ray ◽

Polymerization Method ◽

Scanning Electron

Polylactic acid-based membranes received considerable attention due to its novel biocompatibility, renewability, and biodegradability. In this study, PLA electrospun nanofibrous membrane was prepared and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was used as a monomer for surface grafting of polymer chains via the atom transfer radical polymerization method. Then the PLA nanofibers were quaternized by using bromoethane. The characterization of poly(DMAEMA) graft PLA nanofiber (poly(DMAEMA)-g-PLA) membranes was done by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the diameter of PLA nanofibers increased 15% as the concentration increased from 10% to 12% and then increased 23% as the concentration of PLA solution increased from 10% to 15%. But the regularity of average diameters is best achieved at 12% concentration.

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Synthesis of polypropylene graft copolymers from a hydroxyl-groups-containing polypropylene precursor via atom-transfer radical polymerization

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.2029 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Liaoyun Zhang ◽

Guoqiang Fan ◽

Cunyue Guo ◽

Jin-Yong Dong ◽

Youliang Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Graft Copolymers ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Atom Transfer

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Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on cotton fabric in water aqueous

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517512461684 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 363-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tieling Xing ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Shiwei Li

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Cotton Fabric ◽

Control Sample ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Amino Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Tertiary Amino

In this work, 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide was first reacted with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of cotton fabric to obtain cotton macroinitiator (C-Br) for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Then C-Br was grafted with DMAEMA via the ATRP method in water aqueous. The tertiary amino groups of immobilized DMAEMA polymer on the cotton fabric were quaternized with bromomethane to produce the antibacterial function. The structure of cotton-grafted-PDMAEMA (C-g-PDMAEMA) was characterized by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microcopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that DMAEMA was grafted onto the surface of cotton and the tertiary amino groups were quaternized. The C-g-PDMAEMA has good thermostability. The whiteness and strength of C-g-PDMAEMA decreased slightly, but the wrinkle recovery angle increased distinctly compared with the control sample. The quaternized grafted cotton has the great antibacterial property and good laundry resistance.

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Well-Defined Amphiphilic Polymer-Si(100) Hybrids via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.239 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 669 ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Wen Peng ◽

Riu Hua Mo ◽

Zhen Fan Liu ◽

Yuan Wei Zhong ◽

Qin Jie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Polymer Brushes ◽

Amphiphilic Polymer ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

X Ray ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Poly Ethylene

Well-defined amphiphilic graft polymer brushes containing fluoropolymer segments have been successfully prepared by (i) UV-induced coupling of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) with the hydrogen-termined Si(100) (Si-VBC surface), (ii) surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-hydroxyethl methacrylate (HEMA) to produce the Si–VBC–g–P(HEMA) surface as the backbone of macroinitiator for further ATRPs, (iii) coupling of 2-bromoisobutyrl bromide with the HEMA polymer(P(HEMA)) by the esterification to produce the macroinitiators for the subsequent ATRP(Si–VBC–g–P(HEMA)-R3Br), (iv) surface-initiated ATRP of 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) to produce the Si–VBC–g–P(HEMA)–g–P(HFBA) surface, and (v) the active P(HFBA) chain ends being used as the initiator for the subsequent ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) to produce the amphiphilic Si–VBC–g–P(HEMA)–g–P(HFBA)–b–P(PEGMA) brush surface. The chemical composition and functionality of the silicon surface were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and ellipsometry.

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Kinetic study of styrene atom transfer radical polymerization from hydroxyl groups of graphene nanoplatelets: Heterogeneities in chains and graft densities

Polymer Engineering & Science ◽

10.1002/pen.24010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 (8) ◽

pp. 1720-1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani ◽

Vahid Haddadi-Asl ◽

Khezrollah Khezri ◽

Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi ◽

Mohammad Najafi

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Kinetic Study ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Atom Transfer

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Synthesis of Amylopectin Macro-Initiator for Graft Copolymerization of Amylopectin-g-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) by ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization)

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.306 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 827 ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aniek S. Handayani ◽

Is Sulistyati Purwaningsih ◽

Muhamad Chalid ◽

Emil Budianto ◽

Dedi Priadi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Graft Copolymer ◽

Graft Copolymerization ◽

Homogeneous System ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Tert Butyl ◽

Product Characterization

Graft copolymer of Amylopectin and PMMA was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The hydroxyl groups of amylopectin partially substituted with tert-butyl a-bromoisobutyrate to form tert-butyl a-bromoisobutyrate (TBBiB ) groups. This compound is known as an efficient macro-initiator for ATRP process. This research, aimed to obtain a bio based polymer of Amylopectin, in which the amylopectin was used as macro-initiator in the ATRP of MMA. The experiment was carried out in the homogeneous system under temperature range of 40 – 70°C in DMSO solution using TEA as catalyst. The modified amylopectin-TBBiB then was grafted to methyl methacrylate trough ATRP. Product characterization indicates that the graft copolymer Amylopectin-g-PMMA is efficient and the obtained product owns well defined structures

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Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization from polyethersulfone membranes and their use in antifouling

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2009.9.1.303 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Liang Li ◽

Guoping Yan ◽

Jiangyu Wu ◽

Xianghua Yu ◽

Qingzhong Guo

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Polymer Brushes ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Step Method ◽

Protein Resistance ◽

Copolymer Brushes ◽

Pes Membrane ◽

Surface Modified

AbstractA simple one-step method for the chloromethylation of polyethersulfone (PES) under mild conditions provided surface benzyl chloride groups as the active initiators for the surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to tailor the functionality of the PES membrane. Functional hydrophilic polymer brushes of poly(ethylene glycol)monomethacrylate (PEGMA) and sodium 4- styrenesulfonate (NaStS), as well as their block copolymer brushes, were prepared via surface initiated ATRP from the chloromethylated PES surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the surface-modified membranes. The PEGMA-grafted PES membranes showed great protein resistance to protein adsorption compared to the pristine PES surface.

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Graft Copolymers with Polyamide Backbones via Combination of Passerini Multicomponent Polymerization and Controlled Chain-growth Polymerization

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch13450 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 555 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xin-Xing Deng ◽

Yang Cui ◽

Yao-Zong Wang ◽

Fu-Sheng Du ◽

Zi-Chen Li

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Graft Copolymers ◽

Chain Growth ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Side Chains ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Polymer Backbone ◽

Vinyl Polymer

We report a facile ‘grafting from’ approach to graft copolymers with polyamide backbones and controlled vinyl polymer or polyester side chains. Two polyamides with in situ-formed pendant bromide or hydroxyl groups were obtained by Passerini-based multicomponent polymerization. They were used respectively to initiate the atom-transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers or the ring-opening polymerization of lactones to generate two new types of graft copolymers. One of the important features of the method is that the pendant initiators are generated in situ from non-branching monomers, and they are linked to the polymer backbone by ester bonds. Therefore, the vinyl polymer side chains could be detached from the backbones, and their structures could thus be fully characterized. Moreover, multicomponent polymerization and atom-transfer radical polymerization can even be carried out in a one-pot manner.

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Self Terminating Reaction of Dipivaloylmethanate Complexes with Hydroxyl Groups on Oxide Surface

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-222-333 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rika Sekine ◽

Maki Kawai ◽

Kiyotaka Asakura ◽

Yasuhiro Iwasawa

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Oxide Surface ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Adsorbed Species ◽

Oh Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Hydroxyl ◽

Surface Hydroxyl Groups ◽

X Ray Absorption

ABSTRACTWe have already reported that copper and calcium dipivaloylmethanates [Cu(DPM)2 and Ca(DPM)2 ] reacts selectively and stoichiometrically with surface hydroxyl groups (OH) on SiO2. In order to clarify the structure of the adsorbed species and the origin of the reaction between M(DPM)2 (M=Cu and Ca) and OH groups, the surface adsorbed species are studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). As a result, it was found that H from surface OH has moved into M(DPM)2 after the adsorption, where the four oxygen coordinated structure around Cu still exists in the adsorbed Cu(DPM)2. Introducing water vapor at 673 K to this surface results in the removal of ligand DPM from the adsorbed Cu(DPM)2. At 673 K, Cu atoms decomposed from the adsorbates aggregated on the surface. This fact supports that the interaction between the adsorbed Cu(DPM)2 and SiO2 surface is originated from that between the ligands and the surface.

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