LONG-TERM OPERATION TESTS OF ORGANIC SOLID-STATE SOLAR CELLS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROKI SHIOKAWA ◽  
MASAAKI YOKOYAMA ◽  
MASAHIRO HIRAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Junction Type

The long-term operation tests of two types of solid-state organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, p–n heterojunction type cells and p–i–n junction type cells, were performed. In both cells, a drastic decrease in photocurrent within 1 h was observed in air. This rapid decrease was revealed to be caused by oxygen molecules which act as a electron trap in the electron transporting organic layer. Initial decrease of photocurrent was effectively suppressed under high vacuum (10-7 Torr). In the case of a p–n type cell, the decrease in short-circuit photocurrent was only 15% even under prolonged light irradiation of 260 h.

Low friction states for thin solid lubricant film of MoS2

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hua R. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Activation Volume ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Term Operation

Purpose During the operation of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), any mechanical disturbance such as stick-slip may cause quenching of superconducting (SC) coils. The friction behavior of MoS2 lubrication (thin film) for narrow support elements between the SC coils in W7-X is rather important, as there is a design requirement for a coefficient of friction (COF) 0.05 between the sliding surfaces to control the stress contribution (from friction). Design/methodology/approach The author has carried out intensive calibrations or verifications using verified models considering previous friction tests on various samples which measured the COF in 4.2 K, 77 K and room temperature conditions (at high vacuum) to simulate the actual working condition. Findings The author has given useful explanations and diagnosis for previous anomalous scattered data. To improve the performance of MoS2, the author has predicted its better COF (0.002 via tuning of the activation volume), which could be a superlubricating state for MoS2 thin films considering the long-term operation requirement W7-X. Originality/value In this paper, the author has adopted Eyring’s approach to predict the low COF (0.002 via tuning of the activation volume), which could be a superlubricating state for MoS2 thin films considering the long-term operation requirement W7-X. Finally, some recent progresses about the possible few-layer MoS2 role in the electromagnetic loads have been provided.

Small molecules organic photovoltaic devices based on the planar heterojunction porphyrin derivates/fullerene

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge H. Velez ◽  
M. Jesús Aguirre ◽  
Linda Cattin ◽  
Mohammed Makha ◽  
Jean C. Bernede
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Photoelectric Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Planar Heterojunction

In this paper, we studied of photoelectric properties of multilayer organic photovoltaic cells (OPV cells). The active organic layers consisted of a planar heterojunction between a layer of (meso-tetrakis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)porphyrin), (TBrTP) as electron donor (ED) and a layer fullerene molecules. For the manufacture of photovoltaic devices we use a the technique of high vacuum by thermal sublimation that allows multilayer devices realization easily by successive depositions, and it does not require solvents, achieving purer films with reproducible characteristics. The TBrTP allows achieving OPVCs exhibiting promising efficiencies when the ABL is the MoO 3/ CuI DABL. The CuI improves the current in the organic layer by one order of magnitude, which allows decreasing the series resistance of the OPVCs and therefore improving the OPVCs.

DBR-Ag Micro-Cavity Organic Solid-State Lasers

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Xuan Ke Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Solid State Lasers ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Micro Cavity

A DBR-Ag mixed organic micro-cavity structure solid-state laser was proposed in this paper. The influences of center wavelength, growth sequence and the cycle number of DBR, and the thickness of Ag mirror and organic light-emitting layer on performance of Ag-DBR mixed organic micro-cavity were investigated by simulation. According to PL characteristics of Alq3:DCM (0.5wt%), an optimal metal Ag-DBR micro-cavity structure was designed, and based on theoretical calculation results, a corresponding micro-cavity devices (glass/DBR/organic layer/Ag mirror) was fabricated. The theoretical simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.

Analysis of crystallite size changes in a hematite and magnetite formed on steel used in the power idustry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Monika Gwoździk
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Diffraction Line Profile ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Scherrer Formula ◽  
Pipe Outlet

The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on 10CrMo9-10 steel at an elevated temperature (T = 545° C, t = 200,000 h). This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer and inner site on the pipe outlet, at the fire and counter-fire wall of the tube. X-ray studies were carried out on the surface of a tube, then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer.

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