PERSONALIZED CUSTOMIZATION METHOD OF HYBRID HUMAN MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN-VEHICLE ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 2150009
Author(s):  
SHA XU ◽  
XIANLONG JIN ◽  
CHUANG QIN ◽  
XIANGHAI CHAI
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Impact

Traffic accident reconstruction is a reverse dynamic problem, which requires hundreds of iterations to reconstruct the whole process of accident. However, in current pedestrian-vehicle accident reconstructions, it is difficult to quickly establish a pedestrian model based on specific cases, and it is hard to solve the contradiction between calculation accuracy and calculation time. In this paper, a personalized pedestrian customization method is proposed. First, the pedestrian structure is divided into independent modules according to obvious bony markers. For each independent module, multi-body (MB) model and finite element (FE) model are established, respectively. Then the appropriate modules are selected to form the whole hybrid pedestrian model. This method can customize the structure of pedestrian model according to the injury characteristics of pedestrians in specific accidents, and customize the parameters of pedestrian model according to the height and weight of pedestrians. The impact simulation tests are carried out on hybrid pedestrian models to verify the reliability of the models. The proposed method can effectively improve the modeling efficiency of pedestrian models and the reconstruction quality of pedestrian traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Modeling Head-On Collisions: The Problem of Identifying Collision Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6212
Author(s):  
Piotr Aleksandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Default Data ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Crash Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences

The analyses performed by the experts are crucial for the settlement of court disputes, and they have legal consequences for the parties to legal proceedings. The reliability of the simulation result is crucial. First, in article, an impact simulation was performed with the use of the program default data. Next, the impact parameters were identified from a crash test, and a simulation was presented. Due to the difficulties in obtaining the data identified, the experts usually take advantage of simplifications using only default data provided by the simulation program. This article includes the original conclusions on specific reasons of simplified collision modeling in Multi Body Systems (MBS) programs and provides specific directions of development of the V-SIM4 program used in the study to enhance the models applied. This manuscript indicates a direction for crash model development in MBS programs to consider a varied 3D body space zones stiffness related to the structure of the car body and the internal car elements instead of modeling the car body as a solid with an average stiffness. Such an approach would provide an alternative to Finite Element Method (FEM) convention modeling.

Numerical Analysis of the Biomechanical Characteristics and Impact Response of the Human Chest

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Kimpara ◽  
Masami Iwamoto ◽  
Isao Watanabe ◽  
Kazuo Miki ◽  
Jong B. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fractured Ribs ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

The mass density, Young’s modulus (E), tangent modulus (Et) and yield stress (σy) of the human ribs, sternum, internal organs and muscles play important roles when determining impact responses of the chest associated with pendulum impact. A series of parametric studies was conducted using a commercially available three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) of the whole human body, to determine the effect of changing these material properties on the impact force, chest deflection, and the number of rib fractures and fractured ribs. Results from this parametric study indicate that the initial chest stiffness was mainly influenced by the mass density of the muscles covering the torso. The number of rib fractures and fractured ribs were primarily determined by E, Et and σy of the ribcage and sternum. Similarly, the E, Et and σy of the ribcage, which is defined as the bony skeleton of the chest, and sternum and E of the internal organs contributed to the maximum chest deflection in frontal impact, while the maximum chest deflection for lateral impact was mainly affected by the E, Et and σy of the ribcage.

Research of Mechanics Based on Accident Collision

2014 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Vehicle Accident

With the rapid development of the economy, the automotive industry and road transport have also been rapidly developed. Road traffic accidents occur frequently, which not only brings a lot of inconvenience to road traffic management but also threatens people's lives and property. In many road accidents, vehicle collisions are the most serious and dangerous also the largest. So having a comprehensive, systematic study of the car's collision is becoming the world's most pressing subject. The whole process of the collision of moving vehicle is inseparable from the role of the force. So in order to better analyze vehicle collisions and reproduce this process, a lot of mechanical knowledge should be required. This paper studies the vehicle accident reconstruction mechanical problems, laying the foundation of further research.

722 Accident Reconstruction Simulation using Multi-body Child Human Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009.84 (0) ◽  
pp. _7-27_
Author(s):  
Takayuki KOIZUMI ◽  
Nobutaka TSUJIUCHI ◽  
Jin KURUMISAWA ◽  
Azusa NAKAI ◽  
Yoichi MOTOMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Model ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Multi Body

scholarly journals A multi-body human model for rear-impact simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Himmetoglu ◽  
M Acar ◽  
K Bouazza-Marouf ◽  
A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Multi Body

This paper presents the validation of a 50th-percentile male multi-body human model specifically developed for rear-impact simulation. The aim is to develop a biofidelic model with the simplest architecture that can simulate the interaction of the human body with the seat during rear impact. The model was validated using the head-and-neck and torso responses of seven volunteers from the Japanese Automobile Research Institute sled tests, which were performed at an impact speed of 8km/h with a rigid seat and without head restraint and seat belt. The results indicate that the human-body model can effectively mimic the rear-impact response of a 50th-percentile male with a good level of accuracy and has the potential to predict whiplash injury.

Numerical Simulation and Structural Improvement for the Crashworthiness Capacity of M1 Type Commercial Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liangmo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Deformation Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
M1 Type

To investigate the crashworthiness capacity of a M1 type commercial vehicle, the full-scale finite element (FE) model of the vehicle has been established. On the basis of the FE model, the impact simulation subject to the 100% frontal impact has been carried out, and the results have been verified with the physical impact test. The analysis of the deformation path and the energy absorption indicates that the M1 vehicle lacks sufficient frontal deformation area and its peak crash acceleration (PCA) is too high, which raises a huge challenge for the sequent development of a safety restraint system. To enhance the crashworthiness of the M1 vehicle, some structural improvements have been implemented, with adding the energy absorbing box, improving the frontal frame parts and enhancing the front door. The frontal collapsing area has been investigated in order to figure out the layout position of the energy absorbing box. The design of the aluminum foam reinforced energy absorbing box has been made by using the surrogate modeling technique. The impact simulation results of the improved M1 vehicle show a significant decrease of the PCA and a more homogeneous energy absorbing status, which verifies the validity of the proposed structures for crashworthiness improvement.

Effect of Assumed Stiffness and Mass Density on the Impact Response of the Human Chest Using a Three-Dimensional FE Model of the Human Body

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Kimpara ◽  
Masami Iwamoto ◽  
Isao Watanabe ◽  
Kazuo Miki ◽  
Jong B. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Apparent Stiffness ◽  
Fractured Ribs ◽  
The Impact

The mass density, Young’s modulus (E), tangent modulus (Et), and yield stress (σy) of the human ribs, sternum, internal organs, and muscles play important roles when determining impact responses of the chest associated with pendulum impact. A series of parametric studies was conducted using a commercially available three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) of the whole human body, to determine the effect of changing these material properties on the predicted impact force, chest deflection, and the number of rib fractures and fractured ribs. Results from this parametric study indicate that the initial chest apparent stiffness was mainly influenced by the stiffness and mass density of the superficial muscles covering the torso. The number of rib fractures and fractured ribs was primarily determined by the stiffness of the ribcage. Similarly, the stiffness of the ribcage and internal organs contributed to the maximum chest deflection in frontal impact, while the maximum chest deflection for lateral impact was mainly affected by the stiffness of the ribcage. Additionally, the total mass of the whole chest had a moderately effect on the number of rib fractures.

scholarly journals The Impact of Uncertainty on Pedestrians’ Decision to Start Roadway Crossing during the Clearance Phase

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Milan Simeunović ◽  
Andrijana Jović ◽  
Pavle Pitka ◽  
Mladen Dobrić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Clearance phase at signalized crosswalks is an important parameter of pedestrians’ safety because it helps them to complete the crossing before the green signal for vehicles. However, there is the issue of pedestrian decision as to whether to cross if they arrive at the crosswalk during the clearance phase, which represents a violation in many countries. Due to the proof that pedestrian violations multiply the risk of traffic accidents, in this study, the tendency of pedestrians to commit violations during the clearance time has been researched. With the aim of proposing the design of the pedestrian traffic lights, which could decrease the frequency of pedestrian violations, the comparison of pedestrians behaviour at crosswalks with and without a countdown timer during the clearance time was made, based on the data collected in the video recording. Chi square independency test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the behaviour of pedestrians during the clearance time, depending on the existence of the timer, as well as the fact that pedestrians behave in a safer manner if there is no clearance time shown on the timer. The total delay rate on the roadway during the red signal, which was the consequence of starting the crossing during the clearance time or subsequent violations, was 1.3 times higher at the crosswalks with the countdown timer. This research was unique because for the first time, two-phase pedestrian crossings on the roadway with the median refuge island in the sense of clearance time were analysed, in spite of the previous proof that pedestrians are more likely to commit violations during the red signal in that kind of roadway. Another novelty in the research was pedestrians following till the end of crossing, due to the possibility of subsequent violations. With the means of binary logistic regression, different factors which affect pedestrians’ behaviour during the clearance time have been determined and they differ depending on the existence of the timer. At the pedestrian crosswalks with the timer, contributing factors have been determined, such as gender, the number of waiting pedestrians, distractions, arrival time, and age. If there is no timer, the contributing factors are the following: the number of crossing pedestrians, distractions, group, position of pedestrians in relation to the vehicle, the number of traffic lanes, and age. Based on the obtained results, a new design of the pedestrian traffic lights was proposed.

A STUDY ON IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SIDE KICK IN TAEKWONDO

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1760-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG-HYUN LEE ◽  
YOUNG-SHIN LEE ◽  
KYU-HYUN HAN
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Maximum Impact Force ◽  
Attack And Defense ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
The Impact

Taekwondo is a martial art form and sport that uses the hands and feet for attack and defense. Taekwondo basic motion is composed of the breaking, competition and poomsea motions. The side kick is one of the most important breaking motions. The side kick with the front foot can be made in two steps. In the first step, the front foot is extended forward from the back stance free-fighting position. For the second step, the rear foot is followed simultaneously. Then, the side kick is executed while the entire body weight rests on the rear foot. In this paper, the impact analysis on a human model for kicking posture was carried out. The ADAMS/LifeMOD used numerical modeling and simulation for the side kick. The numerical human models for assailant and opponent in competition motion were developed. The maximum impact force on the human body was obtained by experiment and was applied to impact simulation. As a result, the impact displacement and velocity of the numerical human model were investigated.

Pedestrian Collision Responses Using Legform Impactor Subsystem and Full-Sized Pedestrian Model on Different Workbenches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obaidur Rahman Mohammed ◽  
Shabbir Memon ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Fe Model ◽  
Finite Model ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Pedestrian Impact ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Impact Simulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pedestrian Collisions

Car-pedestrian collision fatalities have been reported for a significant number of roadside accidents around the world. In order to reduce the lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian collisions, it is important to determine the impact forces on the pedestrian and conditions that the car frontal side impacts on the lower extremities of the pedestrian. The Working Group 17 (WG17) of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) has developed a legform subsystem impactor and procedure for assessing pedestrian collisions and potential injuries. This research describes a methodology for the evaluation of the legform impactor kinematics after a collision utilizing finite element (FE) models of the legform and cars and comparing the simulation results with the ones from a multi-body legform model as well as a 50th percentile male human pedestrian model responses. Two approaches are carried out in the process. First, the collision strike simulations with the FE model using an FE lower legform is considered and validated against the EVVC/WG17 regulation criteria. Secondly, the collision strike simulations with a multi-body legform and an ellipsoidal multi-body car model are conducted to compare the responses from the FE model and the multi-body model. The results from the impact simulations of FE legform and the multi-body legform are also compared with the ones from a full-size pedestrian model at constant speeds. All the models and simulation in this are using the LS-DYNA nonlinear FE code, while the multibody legform, car, and full-sized pedestrian models are developed and evaluated in MADYMO. The results from this study demonstrate the differences between the subsystem legform and the full-size pedestrian responses as well as suitability of various FE and multibody models related to pedestrian impact responses. Different workbenches comparisons with finite model and ellipsoidal models gives more better correlation to this research.

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