scholarly journals The Impact of Uncertainty on Pedestrians’ Decision to Start Roadway Crossing during the Clearance Phase

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Milan Simeunović ◽  
Andrijana Jović ◽  
Pavle Pitka ◽  
Mladen Dobrić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Clearance phase at signalized crosswalks is an important parameter of pedestrians’ safety because it helps them to complete the crossing before the green signal for vehicles. However, there is the issue of pedestrian decision as to whether to cross if they arrive at the crosswalk during the clearance phase, which represents a violation in many countries. Due to the proof that pedestrian violations multiply the risk of traffic accidents, in this study, the tendency of pedestrians to commit violations during the clearance time has been researched. With the aim of proposing the design of the pedestrian traffic lights, which could decrease the frequency of pedestrian violations, the comparison of pedestrians behaviour at crosswalks with and without a countdown timer during the clearance time was made, based on the data collected in the video recording. Chi square independency test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the behaviour of pedestrians during the clearance time, depending on the existence of the timer, as well as the fact that pedestrians behave in a safer manner if there is no clearance time shown on the timer. The total delay rate on the roadway during the red signal, which was the consequence of starting the crossing during the clearance time or subsequent violations, was 1.3 times higher at the crosswalks with the countdown timer. This research was unique because for the first time, two-phase pedestrian crossings on the roadway with the median refuge island in the sense of clearance time were analysed, in spite of the previous proof that pedestrians are more likely to commit violations during the red signal in that kind of roadway. Another novelty in the research was pedestrians following till the end of crossing, due to the possibility of subsequent violations. With the means of binary logistic regression, different factors which affect pedestrians’ behaviour during the clearance time have been determined and they differ depending on the existence of the timer. At the pedestrian crosswalks with the timer, contributing factors have been determined, such as gender, the number of waiting pedestrians, distractions, arrival time, and age. If there is no timer, the contributing factors are the following: the number of crossing pedestrians, distractions, group, position of pedestrians in relation to the vehicle, the number of traffic lanes, and age. Based on the obtained results, a new design of the pedestrian traffic lights was proposed.

scholarly journals Faculty perceptions of student plagiarism and interventions to tackle it: a multiphase mixed-methods study in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai A. Mahmoud ◽  
Ziyad R. Mahfoud ◽  
Ming-Jung Ho ◽  
John Shatzer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Student Plagiarism ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The widespread use of the internet and other digital resources has contributed to the escalation of plagiarism among medical students and students of other healthcare professions. Concerns were raised by faculty at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), a branch of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University in New York, who had been observing plagiarism in students’ assignments. Methods To identify the extent of plagiarism practices and their contributing factors, a two-phase mixed-method research study was conducted, comprising a survey administered in 2013, followed by longitudinal interventions, and a second survey in 2017 to measure the impact of the interventions. Results By Phase II, overall observed plagiarism incidents per year decreased from 44 to 28%, and the number of faculty who observed no plagiarism incidents increased significantly from 12 to 37%. The faculty concerned about student plagiarism decreased by 33% [53.1 to 20%] between Phase I and Phase II. Conclusion When students are provided with information regarding what constitutes plagiarism and their institution’s policy in response to plagiarism incidents, they are less likely to engage in such practices.

Treatment Related Mortality of AML Pediatric Patients in a Single Center in Saudi Arabia

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4291-4291
Author(s):  
Wasil Jastaniah ◽  
Mohammed Burhan Abrar ◽  
Taha Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Related Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Abstract 4291 Despite minimal changes in therapeutic approach, the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in pediatric patients has improved significantly in the past two decades. Supportive care measures may have contributed to this success by reducing treatment related mortality (TRM) and thereby improving the overall survival (OS) of patients. Yet their impact on outcome remained unknown and masked under protocol effect. To assess the impact of supportive care measures on outcome, we undertook a retrospective review of all pediatric patients diagnosed with AML between 1986 and 2011and treated in our institution, the Princess Norah Oncology Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah. A total of 87 patients were reviewed. Of these, two patients whose parents refused treatment and one lost to follow-up were excluded. A total of 84 patients were qualified for the study. These patients were treated with two different protocols based on treatment eras. Patients diagnosed between 1986 and 1995 (era 1) were treated following AML-BFM-78 protocol while patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2011 (era 2) were treated following the MRC AML10. The cumulative TRM incidence was 76% in era1 compared to 11.5% in era 2 (P = 0.0001). This resulted in an improved 5-year OS from 10.5% in era 1 to 56% in era 2 (P = 0.007). The protocols used in both eras were different and may have improved OS. Significant difference in TRM however, suggests that other factors contributed to the improved OS. To gain further insight of the contributing factors, patients who received only MRC AML10 protocol (in era2) were partitioned into two sub-eras based on supportive care measures introduced sequentially in our institution as follows: 1996 to 2002 (era 2a) and 2003 to 2011 (era 2b).The cumulative TRM incidence was 48.6% in era 2a and 4.7% in era 2b (P = 0.001). This also resulted in an improved OS from 33.3% in era 2a to 56.2% in era 2b despite using the same protocol (P = 0.007). Our findings highlight the importance of supportive care as a significant factor in outcome of children. Comparing protocols per se masks the importance of supportive care measures in impacting outcome. We suggest devising a standardized scoring system to evaluate center-specific supportive care measures to quantify the impact of supportive care on TRM and survival outcomes while simultaneously allowing us to distinguish the effect of supportive care from that of protocol and other factors such as ethnicity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Using digital technologies in refereeing to correctly identify the winner in judo competitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
M. Chobotko ◽  
I. Chobotko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Final Block

Purpose: to analyze the impact of the use of digital technology in judging to correctly identify the winner in judo competitions. Material and methods. The following methods were used during the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature sources and data of the Internet, analysis of video recording, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: based on the recordings of 42 fights of the final block of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship on video hosting (You Tube), the analysis of the impact of video replays on the referee's decision was conducted to correctly identify the winner in the competition. In 22 bouts of the European Championship and in 24 bouts of the Ukrainian Championship, the referees made decisions that did not require revision or change. In the other 20 fights of the European Championship and in 18 fights of the Ukrainian Championship, video replays were used. A comparison of the average rates of fights in which digital replays were used or not used with the help of digital technologies showed a statistically significant difference in the performance of refereeing at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Judo Championship among juniors (<0,05). Since t (0,051) < tgr (1,98) the analysis of the refereeing of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship can be considered statistically significant. As a percentage of the total number of 42 fights, of which 20 fights – 47,6 % of international judges use video replays and 22 fights – 52,3 % of international judges did not use video replays. Analyzing the championship of Ukraine with a total of 42 fights, of which 18 fights – 42,8 % of judges use video replays and 24 fights – 57,1 % of judges did not use video replays. Conclusions. Analysis of existing digital technologies used in judo refereeing has revealed a set of programs that assist in the competition. The use of digital technologies provides an opportunity to improve the quality of refereeing at various ranks of the competition. The percentage of using video views and the percentage without video views at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Championship is almost the same. This speaks to the quality of judging at these events. This is because the refereeing of the final block allows more qualified judges who did not make mistakes during the refereeing or these mistakes were minimal. Keywords: judo, digital technologies, video replays, YouTube, European Championship, Ukrainian Championship, judges.

scholarly journals 771. COVID-19 on the Line: A Significant Increase in CLABSI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 at a Major Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S482-S483
Author(s):  
Pishoy Haroun ◽  
Michael Ben-Aderet ◽  
Meghan Madhusudhan ◽  
Matthew J Almario ◽  
Ryan C Raypon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nurse Staffing ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clabsi Rate

Abstract Background We observed an increase in central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and performed a retrospective analysis to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on CLABSI rates. Figure 1. CLABSI rate in 2019 vs CLABSI rate in 2020 A comparison of CLABSI rates (displayed in infections/1000 catheter days) in all adult inpatients at our institution for calendar-years 2019 and 2020 Methods Retrospective review was done for all CLABSI in adults meeting National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria in 2020 at an 889-bed teaching hospital. CLABSIs in encounters with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (COVID CLABSI) were compared with CLABSIs in encounters without a COVID diagnosis (non-COVID CLABSI). As a secondary analysis, we also reviewed all CLABSI occurrence in 2019. Characteristics were compared using Mid-P Exact (Poisson) and Chi Squared (categorical) Tests. Subjective data collected by infection preventionists during real-time case reviews with clinical staff of each CLABSI was also reviewed. Results In 2020, the rate of COVID CLABSI (CLABSI/1000 catheter days) was 6.6 times greater than the rate of non-COVID CLABSI (5.47 vs. 0.83, p&lt; 0.001). In the COVID CLABSI group we observed higher rates of occurrence in the ICU setting (94% vs 28%, p&lt; 0.001), in house mortality (53% vs 26% P=0.0187), presence of arterial lines (91% vs 20%, p&lt; 0.001) and increased number of catheter lumens (4 vs 3, p&lt; 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of pathogens. No significant differences were observed between 2019 CLABSI and 2020 non-COVID CLABSI. Real-time case reviews identified changes in nurse staffing, increased nurse: patient ratios, delays in routine central line dressing changes, and inconsistent use of alcohol-impregnated port protectors as possible contributing factors. Table 1. 2020 COVID CLABSI vs 2020 non-COVID CLABSI A comparison of selected patient and catheter characteristics in COVID CLABSI vs non-COVID CLABSI in 2020 Table 2. 2019 CLABSI vs 2020 non-COVID CLABSI A comparison of selected patient and catheter characteristics in CLABSI in 2019 vs non-COVID CLABSI in 2020 Figure 2. CLABSI rate in 2019 vs COVID CLABSI and non-COVID CLABSI in 2020 A comparison of CLABSI rates (displayed in infections/1000 catheter days) in all adult inpatients at our institution for calendar years 2019 and 2020, with the infections in 2020 divided into those that occurred during an encounter with a PCR -confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those without. Conclusion We observed a dramatically higher rate of CLABSI in patients with COVID-19 in 2020, while the rate of CLABSI in patients without COVID-19 remained unchanged from the year prior. Higher rates of ICU admission, critical illness, increased numbers of lumens, increased presence of arterial lines, nurse staffing changes, and gaps in routine line prevention processes associated with emergency measures in the COVID-19 cohort ICU may have contributed to this finding. Further work is needed to better understand how to minimize process-related disruptions in central line care during a hospital response to a pandemic. Disclosures Jonathan Grein, MD, Gilead (Other Financial or Material Support, Speakers fees)

Pengaruh Pendidikan Asas Vokasional terhadap Kebolehkerjaan Murid Sekolah Menengah Harian di Sabah ~ The Impact of Basic Vocational Education on the Employability of Secondary School Students in Sabah

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHAZALI @ HASSAN SULAIMAN ◽  
ABDUL SAID AMBOTANG
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Vocational Skills ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
The Impact

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pengaruh Pendidikan Asas Vokasional (PAV) terhadap kebolehkerjaan murid di sekolah menengah harian yang terpilih di Sabah sebagai persediaan untuk melanjutkan pengajian di institusi kemahiran ataupun untuk menyediakan pelajar memasuki alam pekerjaan. Di samping itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap perbezaan kemahiran vokasional, strategi pembelajaran dan kebolehkerjaan dalam kalangan murid PAV, mengenal pasti perbezaan kebolehkerjaan murid PAV berdasarkan demografi dan mengenal pasti pengaruh faktor penyumbang, iaitu kemahiran vokasional dan strategi pembelajaran terhadap kebolehkerjaan murid PAV. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kemahiran vokasional dan strategi pembelajaran adalah sederhana tinggi, manakala tahap kebolehkerjaan dalam kalangan murid PAV adalah tinggi. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kebolehkerjaan murid PAV berdasarkan jantina. Dari segi bangsa dan kursus pula, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada kebolehkerjaan murid PAV. Dari aspek faktor peramal kajian, mendapati terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan bagi faktor penyumbang kemahiran vokasional dan strategi pembelajaran terhadap kebolehkerjaan murid PAV. Implikasi kajian ini mencadangkan supaya penekanan terhadap kebolehkerjaan dalam kalangan murid PAV perlu sentiasa ditingkatkan dan peluang pelajar PAV untuk melanjutkan pengajian di institusi kemahiran yang lebih tinggi diperluaskan, Selain itu, kebolehkerjaan pelajar PAV juga perlu terserlah semasa memasuki pasaran kerjaya untuk menarik minat industri dalam mendapat tenaga kerja yang mempunyai nilai kebolehkerjaan yang tinggi dan kompeten.This study aims to identify the influence of Basic Vocational Education (PAV) on the employability of students in selected secondary schools in Sabah in preparing the students to study at skill training institutions or for the workplace. In addition, this study serves to identify the levels of vocational skills, learning strategies and employability among PAV students, differences of PAV students’ employability based on demographic particulars and the influence of contributing factors, i.e. vocational skills and learning strategies on PAV students’ employability. The findings showed that there were significant differences in employability among PAV students based on gender. While in terms of race and course were taken, there was no significant difference in the level of employability among PAV students. In terms of predictive factors, the results showed that vocational skills and learning strategies are significant contributing factors that influence PAV student’s employability. The implications of this study is to always increase the emphasis on employability among PAV students and broaden the opportunities for PAV students to further their studies at skill training institutions at a higher level. Moreover, employability among PAV students should also be evident when entering the job market in order to attract the industry in getting manpower with high employability value and that are competent.

SCOT: Tumor sidedness and the influence of chemotherapy duration on DFS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 558-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Saunders ◽  
James Paul ◽  
Jana Crosby ◽  
Gordon Brown ◽  
Timothy Iveson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
N Stage ◽  
Stage Ii Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

558 Background: Patients with R-sided tumours who develop metastatic disease have a worse prognosis compared to patients with L-sided tumours. The latter may also have a greater benefit from treatment with EGFR inhibitors. In general, registry studies and meta-analyses have shown that patients with loco-regional R-sided tumours have a worse overall survival (OS). This has recently been confirmed by the PETACC8 study but only after they had relapsed. There was not a significant difference in disease free survival (DFS). Methods: The SCOT study showed that 3-months of oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy (OxFp) was non-inferior to 6-months for patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer. Here we divide the population into left and right-sided tumours to see whether sidedness had an impact on DFS. We also evaluated whether sidedness impacted on the 3 vs. 6-months comparison in SCOT. Results: 6088 patients with Stage III/high risk Stage II cancers or the colon or rectum were randomised between March 27, 2008 and November 29, 2013 from 244 centres (164 UK, 32 Australia, 19 Spain, 14 Sweden, 10 Denmark and 5 New Zealand). In February 2017 (3-years FU) information on sidedness was available for 3219 patients (1207 R-sided, 2012 L-sided). Characteristics: Right: median age: 65, Male: 53%, T4 41%, Stage II: 17%; Left: median age: 65, Male: 66%, T4 24%, Stage II: 21%). Patients with R-sided tumours had a significantly worse DFS (3-year DFS right: 73% (se=1%), left: 80% (se=1%). HR 1.401 (95% CI 1.216-1.615; p=0.000004). Adjusting for T and N-stage reduced the HR to 1.215 (95% ci 1.051-1.404, p=0.009). The data did not suggest that sidedness affected the impact of chemotherapy duration on 3-year DFS (R: HR (3 month/6 month) 1.049 (0.849 -1.296) L: 0.910 (0.753-1.099). Test for homogeneity, p=0.327). Further sub-set analysis was limited due to cohort size. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that unselected patients with R-sided tumours had a worse DFS compared to L-sided tumours. This implies that prognosis is influenced primarily by greater recurrence rather than the contributing factors that influence OS. Tumour sidedness did not impact on the 3-months vs. 6-months comparison in SCOT. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN59757862.

scholarly journals Strategi Satlantas Polres Merangin dalam menegakkan peraturan perundangan-undangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Sima Noprianty ◽  
Ronaldison Ronaldison
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Village Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine how the implementation of CSR of PT. Setya Kisma Usaha (SKU) in Telentam Hamlet, To find out the constraints faced by the village government in implementing CSR for the development of the Telentam Hamlet market. What is the impact on society with the existence of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) issued by PT. Setya Kisma Usaha (SKU). The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Traffic and road transport have an important role in supporting national development and integration as part of efforts to advance public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. One of the causes of the high level of traffic accidents themselves is the lack of public awareness in this is the driver of the vehicle in driving, for example not paying attention and obeying existing traffic rules, not having mental readiness when driving or driving in a state of exhaustion, being under the influence of alcohol, or illegal drugs. The condition of the driver's unpreparedness in driving allows accidents that can endanger the safety of other road users. Careless, sleepy, unskilled, not keeping a distance, going too fast. Besides the causes of the traffic accidents that have been described above. Majority of traffic violations in the form of violations of traffic signs and traffic lights, such as the prohibition of stopping and parking in certain places, through red lights and others. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana implementasi CSR PT. Setya Kisma Usaha (SKU) di Dusun Telentam, Untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi pemerintah desaa dalam mengimplementasikan CSR untuk pembangunan pasar Dusun Telentam. Apa dampak bagi masyarakat dengan adanya CSR (Corporate Social Responsbiliti) yang dikeluarkan oleh PT. Setya Kisma Usaha (SKU). Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan memiliki peranan yang penting dalam mendukung pembangunan dan integrasi nasional sebagai bagian dari upaya memajukan kesejahteraan umum sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Salah satu penyebab tingginya tingkat kecelakan lalu lintas sendiri terjadi adalah kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam hal ini pengemudi kendaraan dalam berkendara, misalnya tidak memperhatikan dan menaati peraturan lalu lintas yang sudah ada, tidak memiliki kesiapan mental pada saat mengemudi atau mengemudi dalam kondisi kelelahan, berada dalam pengaruh minuman keras, atau obat-obat terlarang. Kondisi ketidaksiapan pengemudi dalam berkendara memungkinkan terjadinya kecelakaan yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan pengguna jalan raya lainnya. Lengah, mengantuk, kurang terampil, tidak menjaga jarak, melaju terlalu cepat. Selain penyebab penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas yang telah diuraikan di atas. Pelanggaran lalu lintas mayoritas berupa pelanggaran rambu-rambu lalu lintas dan lampu lalu lintas, seperti larangan berhenti dan parkir di tempat-tempat tertentu, menerobos lampu merah dan lain-lain.

scholarly journals A Random Parameters Ordered Probit Analysis of Injury Severity in Truck Involved Rear-End Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Shao ◽  
Xiaoxiang Ma ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Mingtao Song ◽  
Xiaodong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Car Crashes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Social and economic burdens caused by truck-involved rear-end collisions are of great concern to public health and the environment. However, few efforts focused on identifying the difference of impacting factors on injury severity between car-strike-truck and truck-strike-car in rear-end collisions. In light of the above, this study focuses on illustrating the impact of variables associated with injury severity in truck-related rear-end crashes. To this end, truck involved rear-end crashes between 2006 and 2015 in the U.S. were obtained. Three random parameters ordered probit models were developed: two separate models for the car-strike-truck crashes and the truck-strike-car crashes, respectively, and one for the combined dataset. The likelihood ratio test was conducted to evaluate the significance of the difference between the models. The results show that there is a significant difference between car-strike-truck and truck-strike-car crashes in terms of contributing factors towards injury severity. In addition, indicators reflecting male, truck, starting or stopped in the road before a crash, and other vehicles stopped in lane show a mixed impact on injury severity. Corresponding implications were discussed according to the findings to reduce the possibility of severe injury in truck-involved rear-end collisions.

scholarly journals Road traffic accidents in Ghana: contributing factors and economic consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Paa Kwesi Blankson ◽  
Margaret Lartey
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
The Impact

The impact of road traffic injuries could be enormous, affecting societies and individuals in different facets. Despite the prominence of Covid-19 disease in the current public health space, road crashes remain an important contributor to mortality. It is estimated that some 1.4 million people die from road crashes globally, with most of these being the youth, and people from developing countries.1 In Ghana, 72 persons out of every 100 000 population, suffered from grievous bodily injury, and close to 8 of the same population died from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) over the past decade. More than 60% of road traffic fatalities occured in children and young persons under 35 years of age.2 Aside the mortality and morbidity associatedwith the road crashes, Ghanaian households spend an average of US$ 1687.65 in direct and indirect cost on severe injuries associated with road crashes, while many suffer considerable degrees of psychological distress.

scholarly journals Alcoholic Beverage and Traffic Accidents: Impact of the Drunk-Driving Law in Severity and Mortality of Victims

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Lilia de S Nogueira ◽  
Cristiane de A Domingues ◽  
Ane KS Bonfim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the impact of the Drunk-Driving Law on the characteristics and severity of traffic accident victims and to identify risk factors for mortality before and after law enforcement. Materials and methods A retrospective, quantitative study that analyzed victims of traffic accidents attended at a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2006 and 2010, through the analysis of medical records. The Drunk-Driving Law was considered the time frame of this research, and the victims were distributed in two groups: Before the law (January 2006 to June 2008) and after the law (July 2008 to December 2010). Pearson chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and multiple logistic regression tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results The sample consisted of 1,405 victims, the majority being males (78.01%), with a mean age of 37.39 years. In the group comparison (before and after the Drunk-Driving Law), there was a significant difference related to the external cause, admission to the ICU, and discharge conditions. Factors associated with prelaw mortality were age, number of injured body regions, and New Injury Severity Score. The length of hospital stay and the Revised Trauma Score were considered as protective factors for this outcome. After the validity of the law, in addition to the variables described earlier, the head/neck and abdomen regions most severely injured were added as risk factors for mortality. Conclusion The impact of the Drunk-Driving Law set a positive outcome in the survival of the victims. However, when it comes to the statistics and severity of the trauma, it is necessary to sustain the law with reinforcement of the inspection so that more lives are saved. Clinical significance The results of this study provide support to managers on the importance of sustaining the law and the need of implementing new trauma prevention strategies. How to cite this article Bonfim AKS, Nogueira LS, Domingues CA. Alcoholic Beverage and Traffic Accidents: Impact of the Drunk-Driving Law in Severity and Mortality of Victims. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):17-24.

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