A PERCEPTUALLY-BASED THEORY OF MIND FOR AGENT INTERACTION INITIATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Synthetic Vision ◽  
Agent Interaction ◽  
Mind Theory ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

We endow agents with the capability to open interactions based on their perception of the gaze and direction of attention of others in a virtual environment. The capability is geared towards the earliest part of interaction initiation, where agents may be at some distance from each other and may not initially have knowledge of each other's presence. An important idea in our work is that the start of interaction be initiated in a graceful manner involving exchanges of subtle cues before overt interaction commitments are made. Synthetic vision, attention and memory are used to implement the perceptually-based agent theory of mind. Theory of Mind is used to infer information about the intention of the other to interact based on their eye, head and body directions, locomotion and greeting gestures. An agent's interaction behavior is therefore driven not only by its interaction goal, but also by its theory of the goal of the other based on perception. We have implemented this system and used it to automate and evaluate social interaction behaviors between humans and agents in a virtual environment.

scholarly journals Methods of Assessing the Mental State of the Others by the Expression of the Eyes of Adolescents in Health and Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Rumyantseva ◽  
T.N. Samarina
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Episode ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Icd 10

We describe a study involving 72 mentally healthy adolescents (13-17 years), 24 young men (15 ± 1,4 years), 48 women (15 ± 1,4 years) and 8 children (13-18 years), 6 boys (15 ± 1,9 years) and 2 women (16 ± 2,1 years) who had undergone previous episode of schizophrenia (F 20, ICD-10) and at the time of the survey being in remission. We tested the hypotheses about differences in the development of the theory of mind in different groups of adolescents. The study was conducted using test of "Reading the mental state of the other by his gaze" and a test of social intelligence by Gilford and Sullivan. It was found that the healthy adolescents build better mental models of the other person than adolescents with schizophrenia (U = 102, p≤0,05). In the group of mentally healthy women, we found a statistically significant relationship between the understanding of mind by the gaze and social intelligence (r = 0,6; p = 0.01). The used test proved to be a representative tool for the study of mind in different groups of adolescents.

DISCOURSE ON FAILURE OF INTELLIGENCE: A THEORY OF MIND PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elena Botts
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Mind Theory ◽  
Improve Analysis ◽  
Epistemic Process

This article aims at explicating that can we usefully talk about a failure of intelligence and deliberating the perspective of mind theory into it. Failures of intelligence are useful insofar as they can be evaluated so as to improve analysis. In this process, it is important that one considers the psychological processes that underpin analytical failures. It is especially important to consider how failures of intelligence are governed by an insufficient ability to understand the perspectives of others. This ability to determine others mental states is known as the theory of mind. This paper further argues that discourse on the failure of intelligence is increased because of a flaw in the epistemic process among intelligence operators and consumers.

BRIDGING THE ABYSS: VICTOR BASCH'S POLITICAL AND AESTHETIC MINDSET

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
RAJESH HEYNICKX
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Political Reason ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Jewish Art ◽  
Art Philosophy ◽  
Changing World

This essay cross-examines both the correlation and the disjunction between art philosophy and political reason in the thinking of the French Jewish art philosopher, Kant specialist and socialist politician Victor Basch (1863–1944). Two interwoven lines of questioning will be in play. One considers the extent to which Basch's theory of beauty, which was primarily grounded in a psychological theory of Einfühlung, was a corollary to his political ideas and practices. The other line of inquiry raises questions about how Basch's political position, namely his anti-facist defending of republican values, became influenced by his work on aesthetics. By answering both questions, this article challenges the traditional historiography of interwar aesthetics. The esaay shows how conceptual debates of aesthetics were not just sterile theoretical products, but to a large extent offered an apparatus to diagnose and orientate a rapidly changing world. Therefore this essay develops a reflection about the gaze needed to take in the complex historical situations from which aesthetic reflections grew, and which in turn they addressed.

The Interpretation of Stereo-Disparity Information: The Computation of Surface Orientation and Depth

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Patch ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Stereo Disparity ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Perceptual Phenomenon

Two methods for interpreting disparity information are described. Neither requires extraretinal information to scale for distance: one method uses horizontal disparities to solve for the viewing distance, the other uses the vertical disparities. Method 1 requires the assumption that the disparities derive from a locally planar surface. Then from the horizontal disparities measured at four retinal locations the viewing distance and the equation of local surface ‘patch’ can be obtained. Method 2 does not need this assumption. The vertical disparities are first used to obtain the values of the gaze and viewing distance. These are then used to interpret the horizontal disparity information. An algorithm implementing the methods has been tested and is found to be subject to a perceptual phenomenon known as the ‘induced effect’.

Monolingual and bilingual children’s understanding of Moore-paradox sentences

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-155
Author(s):  
Krisztina Bartha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Central Topic ◽  
Experimental Findings

Research of the theory of mind (ToM) has long been a central topic in cognitive science and experimental philosophy. A preliminary example of a Moore-paradox sentence would be: It is raining, but I don’t think it is. Understanding the paradoxes in these sentences is considered part of ToM development. This study focuses on the recognition of Moore’s paradoxical sentences by monolingual and bilingual children. According to the first hypothesis, comprehension of Moore-paradoxical sentences is estimated to start at the age of 7. The second hypothesis assumes that balanced bilingual children develop the ability to understand Moore-paradoxical sentences earlier than Hungarian dominant bilinguals, and balanced bilinguals also outperform their monolingual peers. Romanian monolingual and Hungarian-Romanian bilingual children aged between 5 and 8 (N = 134) participated in the experiment. Balanced and dominant bilingual groups were established based on a questionnaire filled in by the children’s parents. During the experiment, children had to listen to a number of sentences. Each sentence that contained paradoxical statements had control sentences matching syntactically. Children had to choose the sentences they thought to be “silly”. According to the experimental findings, 5- and 6-year-old children performed poorly while the overwhelming majority of 7- and 8-year-olds could select the Moore-paradoxical sentences. There were differences between the performance of monolingual and balanced bilingual groups and between the two bilingual groups. Balanced bilinguals performed better, and their comprehension of understanding Moorean sentences developed earlier than those of the other groups.

Nina Simone as Poet and Orchestrator

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Marcus R. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Female ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Subjectivity ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Nina Simone

How do you fashion an identity in a society that, at every turn, tries to snuff you out? In this article, I address Nina Simone's praxis of renaming and reinvention to demonstrate strategies of resistance. To this point, I analyze the musico-poetic setting of Nina Simone’s songs “Images” (1964) and “Four Women” (1965) to argue that her artistic musical choices sonically orchestrate varying issues of Black female subjectivity, identity, and self-making. In Simone’s songs, she refuses to discount the materiality of the Black body; instead, she envelops the Black body with signifiance and significance. The sonic bearers of semantic content become extensions of the Self—transmutable and heterodox. The compositional and poetic subtleties in these songs claim that the gaze of the Other can potentiate exteriority and freedom—what I term the “exo(p)tic.”

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