1. Beginnings

‘Beginnings’ traces the growth of schools and assesses the questions that have accompanied that growth. Detailed knowledge about the way schools first operated and the first evidence about the ways people thought about education come from ancient Greece, in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. Roman schooling broadly followed the Greek model. Meanwhile, the invention of printing was, for the development of thought and education, world changing, leading ultimately to the flowering of interest in art, philosophy, literature, and science that was the Renaissance. The chapter then looks at how Czech teacher Comenius championed universal education. How did schools become instruments of capitalism, the current dominant economic system?

THEACHER’S CHARISMA: NATURE OR NURTURE?

Charisma is an inherent exceptional human authority, which consists of the ability to subdue others to one's will. Throughout the history of human civilization, charismatic individuals have played a significant role in all spheres of human activity ‒ politics, education, science, production, art, philosophy, religion, and so on. The article analyzes the current state of research on teacher's charisma. This phenomenon has long been known in education, but recently it has attracted more and more attention because it significantly increases learning performance. But research on teacher’s charisma is still rare, as its presence and variations are difficult to identify and operate on. The most important feature of a charismatic teacher is that in his professional activity, first of all, he tries to form and develop dynamic positive relationships with all his pupils, regardless of their abilities, gender, or social origin. Such a teacher becomes a role model, authority, and source of inspiration. Students of higher education institutions perceive the teacher's charisma somewhat differently. For them, the key features of an ideal teacher are professional competence and positive character traits. Not only does a competent teacher know his subject well, but he is also able to present it to students so that they understand the most difficult issues. Students consider friendliness, accessibility, patience, enthusiasm, self-discipline, and decency to be positive traits of an ideal teacher. Genetic studies of the teacher's charisma are completely absent. Although usual life experience shows that charisma is hereditary, its heritability remains unknown, which makes it impossible to determine how much charisma development depends on learning and upbringing. There are still no studies aimed at identifying genetic factors, not only charisma altogether but also the teacher's charisma in particular. The exacerbation of the problem of the education quality in today's rapidly changing world makes genetic research of pedagogical charisma very relevant.

The A.I. storyteller: Perpetuating orality using developments in machine learning

Oral histories are a part of all cultures and societies, however, our knowledge and interest in these practices has waned, and arguably with it, a sense of social identity and belonging in many contemporary communities and cultures. This paper pulls from aspects of experiential and theatrical design, generative art philosophy, physical computing, and machine learning in artificial intelligence research combined with a theoretical foundation of Adorno, Benjamin, and Ong to discuss and propose the creation of an embodied and immersive story experience. This project will overturn key aspects of traditional orality to encourage interactivity with, and ownership of, the stories and will prompt discussion about its use as an archival process that will promote perpetuation rather than preservation, moving beyond the current processes of audio and video recordings.

The A.I. storyteller: Perpetuating orality using developments in machine learning

Oral histories are a part of all cultures and societies, however, our knowledge and interest in these practices has waned, and arguably with it, a sense of social identity and belonging in many contemporary communities and cultures. This paper pulls from aspects of experiential and theatrical design, generative art philosophy, physical computing, and machine learning in artificial intelligence research combined with a theoretical foundation of Adorno, Benjamin, and Ong to discuss and propose the creation of an embodied and immersive story experience. This project will overturn key aspects of traditional orality to encourage interactivity with, and ownership of, the stories and will prompt discussion about its use as an archival process that will promote perpetuation rather than preservation, moving beyond the current processes of audio and video recordings.

The Meeting of a Saint and a Poet: W.B. Yeats and Purohit Swami

A literary artist seldom works in a vacuum, in isolation; rather, he draws materials of his art from the social, cultural, political and philosophical currents of his milieu, and eventually contributes his interpretation of these ideas to society. Yeats is not an exception; but his critical sensibility looked far towards Indian ideas. He found Indian ideas of art, philosophy, and religion inspiring and stimulating to such an extent that a vital part of career was engaged in assimilating as well as reproducing them through his own art. Though Yeats’ critics and biographers have already noted the impact of Indian thought on his poetry, the present paper endeavors to show the interface between Yeats and Purohit Swami and how their friendship resulted in a mutual enrichment.

Estetika Lagu Banjar Populer: Suatu Representasi Kultural, Pengalaman Eksistensial, dan Nilai Sosial Masyarakat Banjar

The philosophical aspects of art (aesthetics) explored in this study refer to the popular Banjar songs (with a sample of 14 song titles). Therefore, the vision of discussing the aesthetics of the popular Banjar song is appropriate to expose, extract, and uplift its ontological, epistemological and axiological values. This study is a qualitative-descriptive type of research with aesthetic study approach (wetland environmental aesthetics), with the object of popular Banjar songs. From this design, the data analysis method uses two approaches, namely: music analysis and art philosophy analysis (philosophical aesthetics). The results of this study found that the aesthetic concept of the popular Banjar song refers to the following three philosophical aspects. First, the metaphysical value or substance of the popular Banjar song which lies in its two ontological realities, namely musical expressions and song lyrics in the Banjar language as a representation of Banjar culture. Second, the value of knowledge and art truth (aesthetic epistemology) of the popular Banjar song tends to be in the framework of the philosophy of empiricism, namely the knowledge and truth of art that prioritizes the existential experience of the subject. Third, the social value of the popular Banjar song that stands out is the discourse on work ethic which is based on the value of religiosity, while the prominent political value (social institution) is family education. Keywords: aesthetics, philosophy of beauty, Banjar song, beauty, music Abstrak Aspek-aspek filsafat seni (estetika) yang digali pada kajian ini menunjuk pada lagu-lagu populer Banjar (dengan sampel 14 judul lagu). Oleh karenanya, visi pembahasan estetika lagu Banjar populer ini adalah selayaknya usaha pendedahan, penggalian, dan pengangkatan nilai ontologis, epistemologis dan nilai aksiologisnya. Kajian ini merupakan penelitian berjenis kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan kajian estetika (estetika lingkungan lahan basah), dengan objek lagu-lagu Banjar populer. Dari desain ini, maka metode analisis datanya menggunkan dua pendekatan yaitu: analisis musik dan analisis filsafat seni (estetika filosofis). Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa konsep estetika lagu Banjar populer menunjuk pada tiga aspek filosofis berikut. Pertama, nilai metafisik atau substansi lagu Banjar populer yang berada pada dua realitas ontologisnya yaitu ekspresi musikal serta lirik lagu berbahasa Banjar sebagai representasi kultur Banjar. Kedua, nilai pengetahuan dan kebenaran seni (espistemologi estetik) lagu Banjar populer cenderung pada kerangka filsafat empirisme, yakni pengetahuan dan kebenaran seni yang mengutamakan pengalaman eksistensial subjekny. Ketiga, nilai sosial lagu Banjar populer yang menonjol adalah wacana tentang etos kerja yang didasari oleh nilai religiusitas, sedangkan nilai politis (pranata sosial) yang menonjol adalah pendidikan keluarga. Kata kunci: estetika, filsafat keindahan, lagu Banjar, keindahan, musik

The ontology of resistance between power and knowledge

The ontology of human resistance accentuates its existence through several expressive means with the most important being Art; as art transforms the question of resistance into a self-practice that starts with the artists and transfers between the inside and the outside in a continuous, creative and effective mutual relationship in order to emphasise the battle of existence conflict, ideology and Epistemology within the general framework of power. This philosophic analysis is based on the hypotheses of having a multilateral factor that continues with the past legacy on the one hand and interprets the present while overpassing it on the other, in order to create a state of creativity that represents the intellectual, emotional, cognitive and historical inventory, while posing a situation of continuous wondering among individuals and groups. This artistic state unifies the indicators of symbolisations and makes resistance represented in a contemporary visual discourse that rejects dominance, accentuates the identity and transforms the theoretical intellectual question into a practiced anthological act that is featured of permanent activity as a perpetual act towards liberation and reproducing self-existence. Keywords: Art philosophy, resistance ontology, political caricature, photography.