Gold Nanomaterial Hybrid on PEGylated Metal Oxide Interdigitated Mini-electrode Surface to Diagnose Prostate Cancer

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050154
Author(s):  
Deqiang Gu ◽  
Quansuo Zhang ◽  
Jingyang Guo ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Patient ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gold Nanomaterial

Prostate cancer is a leading health burden, the third most common cancer in a man. High accuracy detection and screening methods with a suitable biomarker can significantly reduce the risk of mortality. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the efficient and acceptable biomarker due to its level of increment in the biological fluid with the prostate cancer patient. This research was focused to establish a sensitive method of PSA detection by using gold nanoparticle (GNP) conjugated PSA specific aptamer on interdigitated mini-electrode. GNP allowed to capture higher number of aptamers on the surface and enhanced the interaction of PSA. This good detection method can determine PSA at 45[Formula: see text]aM with the sensitivity of 30[Formula: see text]aM. A linear range was noticed from 60 until 2000 aM on the regression curve at [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]. Moreover, spiking PSA in human serum enhances the current response with increasing PSA concentrations. This method of determination helps to quantify the PSA level and diagnose the prostate cancer at different stages.

scholarly journals Correlation of Hypoechoic Lesions in Trans-rectal Ultrasound of Prostate with Histopathology in Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Dinesh Chataut ◽  
Babin Basnet ◽  
Benu Lohani ◽  
Sundar Suwal ◽  
Sharma Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Focus Detection

Introduction Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in elderly male. Suspicion of prostate cancer is based on increased Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) can detect and localize hypoechoic lesions in prostate which are considered as suspicious for malignancy. TRUS can also guide for prostate biopsy, which is the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer. The study was aimed to find out TRUS findings in suspected prostate cancer patients and correlate these findings with histopathological findings. MethodsProspective study was done in 66 males of age >40 years, sent for prostate biopsy in suspicion for prostate cancer (PSA >4 ng/ml, and/or abnormal DRE findings). Prostate was evaluated with TRUS and subsequently underwent TRUS guided six core biopsy of prostate. Total 396 cores of biopsy were taken. Histopathology reports were collected and correlated with the TRUS findings. ResultsTwenty three patients were positive for prostate cancer and 14 of them showed hypoechoic lesions in TRUS. Total 81 suspicious hypoechoic lesions were seen in prostate of all the patients and among them 42 lesions matched with histopathology report for cancer. Cancerous focus detection rate of TRUS was 51.85%. ConclusionTRUS is a supplementary tool in diagnosis of prostate cancer, however when used alone it has less sensitivity for detection of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Metastatic Prostate Cancer with Highest Reported PSA Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Orsolya ◽  
Tilinca Mariana ◽  
Tataru Octavian Sabin ◽  
Chiujdea Sever ◽  
Balan Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Level ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Common Cancer

AbstractIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, the second most common cancer among men, and the most common cancer in men in Europe. Metastatic prostate cancer among young patients represents the rarest of the newly diagnosed prostate cancer, with few reports of cases with a longer survival.Case presentation: We present the case of a 59 year-old male who was referred with back pain over the last month. Digital rectal examination highlighted an enlarged and totally indurated prostate of 4x4.5 cm, while abdominopelvic X-rays showed osteoblastic metastases in the spine and pelvis bones. Laboratory examinations revealed a Prostate Specific Antigen level of 7941 ng/ml. Prostate biopsy histology showed a bilateral prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 8. Androgen deprivation therapy and daily administration of biphosphonates were prescribed. After two years of treatment, the Prostate Specific Antigen level decreases to 8 ng/ml.Conclusions: We reported the highest Prostate Specific Antigen level in a patient under 60 years old with metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains an important public health problem due to the aggressiveness of the disease and advanced stage upon diagnosis. Prostate Specific Antigen is mandatory to evaluate, to have a reference level in order to prevent metastatic prostate cancer in young patients at diagnosis.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening among Adult Males in Iseyin LGA, Oyo State

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
S.O. Olarewaju ◽  
Amudat D. Akinola ◽  
Emmanuel O. Oyekunle ◽  
Sunday C. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This study assessed factors influencing uptake of PCa screening at a popular town in Iseyin, Oyo State.Methods: Relevant information was obtained from 376 participants using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique Statistical tests such as Chisquare, Fisher's exact test and Student's T-test were performed to duly analyse data obtained.Results: Participants' mean age was 50.2 + 8.0 years with a larger (58. 5 %) proportion of men aged 50 and below. Overall summarized scores on poor knowledge and negative attitude were 42.8 % and 44.7 % respectively. Specific knowledge regarding location of prostate, risk factors and symptoms was as low as 21.0%, 26.3% and 37.2%, respectively. Barely 27.9 %, 19.9 % and 16.2 % knew prostate specific antigen test, digital rectal examination and ultrasound as PC screening techniques respectively. Previous uptake of screening was very low being 16.0 %. Individuals with poor knowledge and those who are non-professionals are 3 times (Odds Ratio – 0.295) and 2 times (Odds Ratio – 0.524) respectively less likely to do PCa screening compared with their other counterpartsConclusion: The study showed considerable awareness of prostate cancer. However, comprehensive knowledge of its symptoms and the screening methods was greatly lacking. The need is therefore indicated for an aggressive health promotion intervention designed to increase awareness on PCa screening at the community level. Keywords: prostate cancer, uptake, screening methods

scholarly journals The Alkaline Phosphatase Flare Phenomenon: A Transient Substantial Increase in Alkaline Phosphatase Concentration in a Prostate Cancer Patient after Starting GnRH Agonist Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Pierina Merlo ◽  
Christoph Rochlitz ◽  
Michael Osthoff
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Prostate Cancer Patient ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Successful Therapy ◽  
Flare Phenomenon

A 78-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer was referred to the hospital 5 weeks after the initiation of systemic therapy with goserelin (GnRH agonist) because of a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration despite clinical improvement. Further workup revealed a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels and a lack of radiological signs of disease progression. Subsequently, the ALP dropped spontaneously. This case report is an example for an early ALP flare after initiation of endocrine therapy in patients with bone metastasis which is consistent with a treatment response. Clinicians should be familiar with the ALP flare phenomenon in this setting, which does not reflect disease progression or treatment failure, in order to prevent unnecessary investigations, hospital admissions, or even erroneous termination of successful therapy.

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Alone or Combined with Prostate-Specific Antigen for the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sat Prasad Nepal ◽  
Takehiko Nakasato ◽  
Yoshio Ogawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakagami ◽  
Takeshi Shichijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Insignificant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background: Many patients undergo unwanted prostate biopsy due to unreliability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA density (PSAD), free PSA, free-to-total PSA ratio, prebiopsy MRI are used to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa). Since 1863, correlations between inflammation and cancer have been identified and explored; thus, the role of various blood parameters in detecting cancer has been studied, especially neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Here, we evaluated whether these parameters before prostate biopsy can diagnose prostate cancer in our hospital.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 2014 to January 2018. Prostate cancer patients were divided into significant cancer (Gleason Score ≥ 7) and insignificant cancer (Gleason Score < 7). NLR, PLR, and other clinical parameters were taken before the prostate biopsy. We then analyzed the associations of NLR and PLR alone or with PSA, with significant prostate cancer. Results: We included 463 patients, of whom 60.3% (279) had prostate cancer and 75.6 % (211) had a Gleason score (GS) of ≥ 7. PSA and PSAD in the clinically significant prostate cancer patient group were around two times more than those in the insignificant prostate cancer group. PV, NLR, PLR, and combined markers were more in the GS ≥ 7 population group. PSA combined with PLR (PPLR) and PSA with NLR (PNLR) had better area under a curve (AUC) (0.732 and 0.730, resp.), with statistical significance, than PSA, NLR, and PLR alone (0.723, 0.585, and 0.590). In the multivariate analysis using separate models with PSA and NLR or PLR compared to age, DRE-positive lesions, PV, PSAD; PNLR, and PPLR were statistically significant in finding aggressive prostate cancer. When combined markers were used together, despite the high correlations, PSA and NLR were nearly significant (p = 0.062) in detecting the GS ≥ 7 population.Conclusion: The combined use of PSA with PLR and PSA with NLR helps detect the differences between clinically significant and insignificant prostate cancer.

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