Nano-Sized Effect on Liquid Phase and Their Energy

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hyung Lee ◽  
Suyoung Park ◽  
Changhyun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Increase ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Group System ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
State Of Matter ◽  
Nano Size

Regardless of the state of matter, such as solids, liquids, and gases, the smaller the matter size from bulk to nano-scale, especially in the quantum region, the more rapid is the energy increase. To this end, this study introduces the concept of a group system, in which atoms behave as one, and this system is reinterpreted as that comprising temperature–entropy (TS) energy in thermodynamic data. Based on this concept, water was passed through various mesh-like dissolved tubes, where the size and energy of the water group system were observed to change. Thereafter, as the scale and number of the meshes increased, the ozone, chlorine, and oxygen constituents, which are closely related to sterilization and washing, are generated, changing the basic water composition. Thus, this nano-size impact is not limited to solids and could facilitate in revolutionizing the future applications in fluids.

Pre-grading of spruce logs containing frozen and unfrozen water by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDT)

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Denzler ◽  
Andreas Weidenhiller
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
The State ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Unfrozen Water ◽  
State Of Matter

AbstractThe possibility for pre-grading of logs throughout the year has been evaluated based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdynor simplifiedEdyn) by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDTfreq). The challenge is thatEdynis variable in the frozen, partly frozen, and unfrozen states of logs (state of matter). In the unfrozen state, NDTfreqis reliable if the moisture content does not fall below fiber saturation. The state of the matter was tested via temperature measurements of air and log by means of an infrared technique and sensors, and information was evaluated from NDTfreq. The temperature measurements proved to be inefficient for industrial application because of unreliable data and long measurement times, whereas the NDTfreqmeasurements allowed the determination of meaningful damping factors. A sufficient level of predictability for more than 60% of the measurements was found. The log measurements in the partly frozen state are inconclusive becauseEdyndata fluctuate in the presence of both liquid and frozen water. For the completely frozen logs, a correction is introduced as a precaution that avoids an overestimation ofEdynin the unfrozen state.

The State of Matter

10.1142/2270 ◽  
1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Aizenman ◽  
Huzihiro Araki
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Of Matter

Nanoparticulate coating of functional ceramics by the vapor, solid and liquid phase reactions

1997 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Awano ◽  
T. Kameyama ◽  
M. Sando ◽  
Y. Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Microstructure Control ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Nanocomposite Powders ◽  
Magnetic Flux Pinning ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Functional Ceramics

ABSTRACTMicrostructure control of ceramics is expected to produce novel functions or to improve properties. Nanocomposite powders of functional ceramics were fabricated by vapor, solid and liquid phase reactions, respectively. Superconducting bulk materials were fabricated by thermal plasma method and mist pyrolysis method. Microstructure control of powders for sintering contributed to improve the microstructure at grain boundaries and to introduce magnetic flux pinning centers, both resulted in the improvement of superconducting transport current property. On the other hand, a magnetic nanocomposite for the remote sensing of stress in structural ceramics was fabricated by sol-gel method and solid state reaction. Successfully introduced nano-dispersoids of ferromagnetic materials by the sintering of nanocomposite powders resulted in the harmonization of added functionality and proper mechanical properties. Magnetic response to applied stress in structural ceramic matrix was detected as the result of amplified magnetostriction caused by the nano-size effect on ferromagnetic dispersoids.

scholarly journals The State of Matter in Simulations of Core-Collapse supernovae—Reflections and Recent Developments

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Fischer ◽  
Niels-Uwe Bastian ◽  
David Blaschke ◽  
Mateusz Cierniak ◽  
Matthias Hempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Isospin Asymmetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Of Matter

AbstractIn this review article, we discuss selected developments regarding the role of the equation of state in simulations of core-collapse supernovae. There are no first-principle calculations of the state of matter under supernova conditions since a wide range of conditions is covered, in terms of density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Instead, model equation of state are commonly employed in supernova studies. These can be divided into regimes with intrinsically different degrees of freedom: heavy nuclei at low temperatures, inhomogeneous nuclear matter where light and heavy nuclei coexist together with unbound nucleons, and the transition to homogeneous matter at high densities and temperatures. In this article, we discuss each of these phases with particular view on their role in supernova simulations.

Preparation of nano-scale molybdenum disulfide by liquid phase precipitation method and its lubricating properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 524 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Souxia Hou ◽  
Yongshuai Li ◽  
Yingjie Huo ◽  
Chao Wu ◽  
Duo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Lubricating Properties

scholarly journals THE MACROMOLECULAR NATURE OF THE FIRST COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Naff ◽  
Jack Pensky ◽  
Irwin H. Lepow
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
The State ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Human Complement ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Apparent Energy Of Activation

Kinetic and ultracentrifugal experiments demonstrated that the previously described subcomponents of human C'1, designated C'1q, C'1r, and C'1s, interacted with each other in liquid phase to form a macromolecule which was then capable of converting sensitized erythrocytes (EA) to the state EAC'1. The apparent sedimentation constants of C'1q, C'1r, and C'1s and of the macromolecular product of their interaction were approximately 11S, 7S, 4S, and 18S respectively. Association of C'1 subcomponents was prevented and dissociation of macromolecular C'1 was effected by Na3HEDTA and Na2MgEDTA but not by Na2CaEDTA. The rate of formation of macromolecular C'1 was a function of concentration of subcomponents and temperature of interaction, with an apparent energy of activation of 21,000 calories per mol. Ultracentrifugal studies further indicated the macromolecular nature of C'1 in normal human serum. In the absence of EDTA, C'1 sedimented with the serum macroglobulins and C'1 subcomponents were not detected. Conversely, in the presence of EDTA, macromolecular C'1 was not demonstrable and individual C'1 subcomponents could be measured in lighter fractions. The significance of these observations in relation to previous studies on C'1 subcomponents, the role of Ca++ in C'1 function, and the subunit structure of Enzymes has been discussed.

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