Nano-Sized Effect on Liquid Phase and Their Energy

Regardless of the state of matter, such as solids, liquids, and gases, the smaller the matter size from bulk to nano-scale, especially in the quantum region, the more rapid is the energy increase. To this end, this study introduces the concept of a group system, in which atoms behave as one, and this system is reinterpreted as that comprising temperature–entropy (TS) energy in thermodynamic data. Based on this concept, water was passed through various mesh-like dissolved tubes, where the size and energy of the water group system were observed to change. Thereafter, as the scale and number of the meshes increased, the ozone, chlorine, and oxygen constituents, which are closely related to sterilization and washing, are generated, changing the basic water composition. Thus, this nano-size impact is not limited to solids and could facilitate in revolutionizing the future applications in fluids.

Fundraising Waqf at Micro Waqf Banks in Realizing People's Welfare

Waqf has enormous potential in helping to realize the welfare of the people. Waqf is included in the category of muamalah teachings where the recommendation to implement it is sunnah. The realization of community welfare which is the main goal of waqf can be realized if waqf is managed in a productive way. Productive management of waqf funds certainly cannot be separated from the existence of waqf fundraising. This study aims to determine how waqf fundraising at Micro Waqf Banks. The type of research in this study used a qualitative type of research using descriptive methods. Sources of data needed to assist research obtained through primary and secondary data. The process of collecting data in this study was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis is carried out through several stages which include data reduction, data presentation, and then drawing conclusions and verification. The results showed that the fundraising of waqf in the Micro Waqf Bank Bahrul Ulum Barokah Sejahtera Tambakberas Jombang was obtained from LAZNas (National Zakat Amil Institution) then the funds were managed and distributed productively by the Micro Waqf Bank in the form of business loans with a group system to the community around the pesantren.

Women and the Age-Group System among the Ijebu of Southwestern Nigeria

Contemporary studies have revealed that Yoruba women, particularly Ijebu women, have contributed to the development of Yorubaland. Apart from the traditional roles of women in Yorubaland, Ijebu women have cut a niche for themselves in the age-grouping system. It is the intent of this study to estab­lish the contributions of Ijebu women to the upliftment of their society and indeed of the Ijebu nation. This study therefore reveals that women in regberegbe (age group) organizations have contributed immensely to the development of Ijebuland. Just as men in age groups have benefitted, the women's age groups have also enjoyed government patronage, support, and interest. This was demonstrated when the Ogun State government offered employment to some of the age group members. The involvement of these women has shown that Ijebu women are active in the development of Ijebuland through the age-group system and this has further debunked the erroneous public opinion that Ijebu women are party-goers and docile. On the contrary, they are hard-working, so­cial, nationalistic, and community-development oriented.

Augustine Blood Group System and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1

Augustine (AUG) is a blood group system comprising four antigens: AUG1, AUG2 (At^a), and AUG4 are of very high frequency; AUG3 is of very low frequency. These antigens are located on ENT1, an equilibrative nucleoside transporter encoded by <i>SLC19A1</i>. AUG antibodies are of clinical relevance in blood transfusion and pregnancy: anti-AUG2 have caused haemolytic transfusion reactions; the only anti-AUG3 was associated with severe haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. ENT1 is present in almost all human tissues. It facilitates the transfer of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and is responsible for the majority of adenosine transport across plasma membranes. Adenosine transport appears to be an important factor in the regulation of bone metabolism. The AUG_null phenotype (AUG:–1,–2,–3,–4) has been found in three siblings, who are homozygous for an inactivating splice-site mutation in <i>SLC29A1</i>. Although ENT1 is very likely to be absent from all cells in these three individuals, they were apparently healthy with normal lifestyles. However, they suffered frequent attacks of pseudogout, a form of arthritis, in various joints with multiple calcifications around their hand joints. Ectopic calcification in the hips, pubic symphysis, and lumbar discs was present in the propositus. The three AUG_null individuals had misshapen red cells with deregulated protein phosphorylation, but no anaemia or shortening of red cell lifespan. Defective in vitro erythropoiesis in the absence of ENT1 was confirmed by shRNA-mediated knockdown of ENT1 during in vitro erythropoiesis of CD34⁺ progenitor cells from individuals with normal ENT1. Nucleoside transporters, such as ENT1, are vital in the uptake of synthetic nucleoside analogue drugs, used in cancer and viral chemotherapy. It is feasible that the efficacy of these drugs would be compromised in patients with the extremely rare AUG_null phenotype.

CONNECTION OF FAT CONTENT IN MILK OF HEAVY BREED MALES WITH BLOOD GROUPS, ALLELES AND ANTIGENS OF ERYTHROCYTES

Studies on the influence of blood groups, alleles and antigens of erythrocytes on the fat content in the milk of mares of heavy draft breeds were carried out on the basis of the dairy farm of the Semyonovskiy breeding plant CJSC and in the laboratory of clinical diagnostics and biochemical research of the Gary State University, Department of Livestock Production Technology. The chemical composition of milk from mares of heavy draft breeds was determined in the laboratory of the breeding kumys complex of ZAO PZ "Semyonovsky". The analysis of milk for fat content was carried out on the device "Klever-1M". The allele pool was determined according to the D blood group system of the Lithuanian and Russian heavy draft breeds, bred in ZAO PZ "Semyonovskiy". According to the D blood group system, 19 out of 36 possible genotypes have been established in Russian and Lithuanian mares. The highest fat content was observed in Lithuanian heavy draft mares with DdkDcgm genotypes and Russian heavy draft mares with DcgmDdghm genotypes. The share of genotypic influence on the fat content in milk was 0.1227 (p>0.95) and 0.1881 (p>0.95), respectively for breeds. Taking into account the revealed positive relationships of immunogenetic parameters with the content of fat in the milk of mares, it is possible to recommend the use of the results obtained to adjust the selection in terms of selection and breeding work.

ABO blood group system and occurrence of ischemic stroke

ABSTRACT Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial disease that presents high rates of morbimortality in Brazil. Several studies proved that there is a link between the ABO blood group system and the occurrence of thrombotic events. Nonetheless, its association with IS is not well established. Objective: For that reason, the purpose hereof was to investigate the relation between the ABO blood groups and the occurrence of IS in a Brazilian cohort of cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Five hundred and twenty-nine subjects were included over 12 months, from which 275 presented an IS episode and 254 composed the control group. Blood samples were drawn for direct and reverse serotyping. The control and IS groups were compared regarding the traditional risk factors and the distribution of the ABO blood groups. Results: The IS group presented a higher prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus, smoking habits, family history, cardiopathy, and sedentary lifestyle in comparison with the control group. The AB blood type prevailed among the patients (5.1 vs. 1.6%; p<0.05) and this group had more SAH cases in comparison with the O type group (92.9 vs. 67.3%; p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the occurrence of IS is more frequent among patients of the AB blood type.

Prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups and their association with Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan

Certain Rh positive blood groups showed a link between the ABO blood grouping and susceptibility to some infectious ailments. Study was carried out to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with different viral infection. A retrospective observational study was carried in 7631 blood donors to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with viral infection due to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Syphilis. Data of the study indicateF that the highest incidence of blood group in blood donor was B followed by O, A and AB. The incidence of HBsAg +ve, HCV Ab +ve and infection of Syphilis was also highest in donor with blood group B followed by O, A and AB. Blood group A were more susceptible to HIV Ab +ve followed by blood group B, O and AB. The group B donors had the greatest risk of viral infection with HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis; followed by the groups O, A, and AB. Donors in group AB had the lowest incidence rate of all viral infection. The study revealed that blood group B is most prevalent among donors, followed by blood groups O, A, and AB. On the other side, the rate of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis infection was greatest among group B donors, followed by group O, group A, and group AB. Copyright(c) The Authors