Boosting engine performance with Bose-Einstein condensation

At low-temperatures a gas of bosons will undergo a phase transition into a quantum state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which a large fraction of the particles will occupy the ground state simultaneously. Here we explore the performance of an endoreversible Otto cycle operating with a harmonically confined Bose gas as the working medium. We analyze the engine operation in three regimes, with the working medium in the BEC phase, in the gas phase, and driven across the BEC transition during each cycle. We find that the unique properties of the BEC phase allow for enhanced engine performance, including increased power output and higher efficiency at maximum power.

Nano-Sized Effect on Liquid Phase and Their Energy

Regardless of the state of matter, such as solids, liquids, and gases, the smaller the matter size from bulk to nano-scale, especially in the quantum region, the more rapid is the energy increase. To this end, this study introduces the concept of a group system, in which atoms behave as one, and this system is reinterpreted as that comprising temperature–entropy (TS) energy in thermodynamic data. Based on this concept, water was passed through various mesh-like dissolved tubes, where the size and energy of the water group system were observed to change. Thereafter, as the scale and number of the meshes increased, the ozone, chlorine, and oxygen constituents, which are closely related to sterilization and washing, are generated, changing the basic water composition. Thus, this nano-size impact is not limited to solids and could facilitate in revolutionizing the future applications in fluids.

Invariants of ratio of crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile, and vaporized chaotized particles in solid, liquid, and gas states of substance

The authors of the article have developed the concept of chaotic particles based on the Boltzmann distribution over the kinetic energy of the particles’ chaotic motion. This distribution allows to combine the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter with the help of energetic particles called crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile, and vapor-mobile. The ratio of the proportions of such randomized particles determines a certain state of matter aggregation. The sum of the shares of these particles in all combinations at any temperature is equal to unity. During the study it has identified that qualitative and quantitative analysis of states with a priority basic effect of a randomized component of a substance can be conducted. Certain regularities of states were discovered, independent of the specific type of substance and consistent with the physicochemical properties. The entropy of mixing of all three energy classes of chaotic particles was calculated for simple substances. It was characterized by a maximum in the interval of the boiling point of substances. This feature testifies to the unique variety of possibilities for the implementation of the most complex heterogeneous processes in terrestrial conditions at atmospheric pressure, which ultimately ensured the self-organization of life

AR Module for Learning Changes of Matter in Chemistry

Internal Visualization challenges concerning sub-microscopic particles in chemistry often result in some difficulties in learning the change of state of matter. Therefore, this study aims at developing an augmented reality ProCAR module that utilizes a project-based learning approach to facilitate learning changes of matter. This study employs ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) instructional design model. The quality of the module was evaluated by a group of 5 Chemistry teacher-educator experts of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to identify the suitability of the module. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) percentages were determined and the feedback was analyzed based on thematic analysis. The result shows that 100% of its learning objectives, Content, Usability, and Assessment and 75% of its performances were good and reliable all having IRR value 75% and above. Such revealed that AR Module is potentially effective for the teaching phase change to Secondary school students. Recommendations for future studies were highlighted

Application of the Riemann problem with complex equations of state for modeling three-dimensional flows of real media

The paper considers the numerical simulation of spatial flows of real media in safety valves on the basis of the problem of an arbitrary discontinuity breakdown with complex equations of state. The solution is constructed by means of the developed numerical method, which is a modification of the classical scheme by S. K. Godunov and includes various complex equations of state of matter. The Van der Waals equations of state were used to model the flow of real gases, and the Mie-Grüneisen equation was used to describe the flow of a real weakly compressible fluid. It is shown that the proposed numerical schemes allow for modeling fluid and gas dynamic processes in real fluids and gases with shock waves and contact discontinuities and can be used both in areas of classical medium behavior and in areas with non-classical behavior.

Transport through the network of topological channels in HgTe based quantum well

Topological insulators represent a new quantum state of matter which is characterized by edge or surface states and an insulating band gap in the bulk. In a two dimensional (2D) system based on the HgTe quantum well (QW) of critical width random deviations of the well width from its average value result in local crossovers from zero gap 2D Dirac fermion system to either the 2D topological insulator or the ordinary insulator, forming a complicated in-plane network of helical channels along the zero-gap lines. We have studied experimentally the transport properties of the critical width HgTe quantum wells near the Dirac point, where the conductance is determined by a percolation along the zero-gap lines. The experimental results confirm the presence of percolating conducting channels of a finite width. Our work establishes the critical width HgTe QW as a promising platform for the study of the interplay between topology and localization.

Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse droplets (diameter 74 ± 6 µm; PDI = 8%) with the liquid crystal in a radial configuration, even when compared with the standard SDS surfactant. These findings reveal an additional application for ionic liquids in the field of soft matter.