HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND INTRAVENOUS DRUG MISUSE: A MODELING APPROACH

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450006 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEADY MUSHAYABASA ◽  
CLAVER P. BHUNU
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Impact

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne infection that can lead to progressive liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. A deterministic mathematical model for assessing the impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is presented and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed. Stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV has been discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations.

Dynamical analysis of a class of hepatitis C virus infection models with application of optimal control

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Mojaver ◽  
Hossein Kheiri
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we deal with the problem of optimal control of a deterministic model of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the first part of our analysis, a mathematical modeling of HCV dynamics which can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy as fixed controls has been presented and analyzed which incorporates two mechanisms: infection by free virions and the direct cell-to-cell transmission. Basic reproduction number is calculated and the existence and stability of equilibria are investigated. In the second part, the optimal control problem representing drug treatment strategies of the model is explored considering control parameters as time-dependent in order to minimize not only the population of infected cells but also the associated costs. At the end of the paper, the impact of combination of the strategies in the control of HCV and their effectiveness are compared by numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Dynamical analysis of the spread of African swine fever with the live pig price in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 8123-8148
Author(s):  
Yihao Huang ◽  
◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Price Function ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<abstract><p>Pork makes up the highest proportion of household expenditure on meat in China and supply and demand have been basically stable in the past decade. However, the catastrophic outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in August 2018 disrupted the balance and reduced the national herd by half within six months. The consequence was a gross lack of supply to the market and consumer demand was unable to be met. Accordingly, live pig prices rose sharply from 2019. In order to assess the influence of ASF on the price of the live pigs, we use a price function to characterize the relationship between price of the live pigs and the nation's pig stock, and then establish a time delay ASF epidemic dynamical model with the price function. By analyzing the dynamical behaviors of the model, we calculate the basic reproductive number, discuss the stability of equilibrium, and obtain the critical conditions for Hopf bifurcation. The model reasonableness is confirmed by carrying out data fitting and parameter estimation based on price data of the live pigs, the pig stock data and the outbreak data of ASF. By performing sensitivity analysis, we intuitively show the impact of ASF on the price of live pigs and the pig stocks, and assess the key factors affecting the outbreak of ASF. The conclusion is drawn that, with the control measures adopted by related government department in China, the basic reproductive number ($ R_0 = 0.6005 $) means that the ASF epidemic has been controlled. Moreover, the price of the live pig increases linearly with $ R_0 $, while the effect of the number of infected pigs on the subsequent price is non-linear related. Our findings suggest that society and the government should pay more attention to the prevention of animal disease epidemics.</p></abstract>

Estimating the impact of hepatitis C virus therapy on future liver-related morbidity, mortality and costs related to chronic hepatitis C

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Buti ◽  
Ramón San Miguel ◽  
Max Brosa ◽  
Juan M. Cabasés ◽  
Montserrat Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
The Impact

Hepatitis C virus in intravenous drug users

1990 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bell ◽  
Robert G Batey ◽  
Geoffrey C Farrell ◽  
Evelyn B Crewe ◽  
Anthony L Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

The impact of inherited prothrombotic risk factors on individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus from a single source

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Goulding ◽  
C. O'Brien ◽  
H. Egan ◽  
J. E. Hegarty ◽  
G. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Prothrombotic Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

MODELING THE IMPACT OF VOLUNTARY TESTING AND TREATMENT ON TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250029 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MUSHAYABASA ◽  
C. P. BHUNU
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Voluntary Testing ◽  
Manifold Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

A deterministic model for evaluating the impact of voluntary testing and treatment on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis is formulated and analyzed. The epidemiological threshold, known as the reproduction number is derived and qualitatively used to investigate the existence and stability of the associated equilibrium of the model system. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally-asymptotically stable when the reproductive number is less than unity, and unstable if this threshold parameter exceeds unity. It is shown, using the Centre Manifold theory, that the model undergoes the phenomenon of backward bifurcation where the stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. The analysis of the reproduction number suggests that voluntary tuberculosis testing and treatment may lead to effective control of tuberculosis. Furthermore, numerical simulations support the fact that an increase voluntary tuberculosis testing and treatment have a positive impact in controlling the spread of tuberculosis in the community.

scholarly journals The Impact of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus I Infection on Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes in Patients Coinfected With HIV and Hepatitis C Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. S202-S207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabianna Bahia ◽  
Vinicius Novais ◽  
Jennifer Evans ◽  
Chloe Le Marchand ◽  
Eduardo Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
The Impact

The impact of direct-acting antivirals on liver fibrosis in Egyptian hepatitis C virus patients: a single center experience

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Abdelaaty Abdelkader ◽  
Amira Mahmoud AlBalakosy ◽  
Ahmed Fouad Helmy Sherief ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Gado
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 170 million people worldwide, causing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and leading to liver transplantation and ultimately death. Accurate evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases is crucial, as liver fibrosis is important in order to make therapeutic decisions, determine prognosis of liver disease and to follow-up disease progression. Multiple non-invasive methods have been used successfully in the prediction of fibrosis; however, early changes in noninvasive biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis under effective antiviral therapy are widely unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes of transient elastography values as well as FIB-4 and AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) in patients treated with DAAs. Objectives The aim beyond this study is to evaluate the changes in liver stiffness in hepatitis C Egyptian patients before and at least one year after treatment with DAAs using transient elastography and non-invasive liver fibrosis indices as FIB-4 and APRI scores. Patients and methods The present study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C patients attended to Ain Shams University Hospitals, Viral hepatitis treatment unit between October 2017 and December 2018, who were followed-up during treatment and after treatment for at least one year (retrospective and prospective study). Total number of cases during the study period was 117 patients. 17 patients were excluded from the study due to missed follow-up. Eventually, 100 patients were enrolled in the study fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results The mean age of our patients is 47.9 years with Male predominance (52 males and 48 females). There was a significant improvement of, platelets counts, ALT and AST levels, which in turn cause significant improvement in FIB-4 and APRI scores. There was a significant improvement of liver stiffness after end of treatment, regardless of the DAA regimen used, as evidenced by Fibroscan. Conclusion Fibrosis regression –assessed by non-invasive markers of fibrosis is achievable upon removal of the causative agent.

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