A Man for All Seasons: Robert R. Wilson

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Goldwasser
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Founding Director ◽  
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ◽  
Accelerator Design ◽  
Energy Physics ◽  
Design Construction

Robert R. Wilson was the brilliant designer, builder and founding director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory with its series of high-energy physics particle accelerators providing collision energies of 200, 400 and 2,000 GeV, the most powerful facilities in their class over a period of 40 years. He undertook the "impossible" and succeeded. With untrammeled courage he challenged the establishment as he bypassed many conventional practices in accelerator design, construction and cost control. With his remarkable talents he addressed a wide range of important aspects of the relationships of art and science, elegance and efficiency and physics and society. In doing so he always found ways for his pursuit of science to support his strong advocacy for human rights, international collaboration and democracy.

scholarly journals γ-Ray-Induced Proton Generation in Polymers: Quantifiable Single-Component Fluorescent Ratiometric Chemosensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Pei ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Wenhuan Huang ◽  
Hui Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proton Generation ◽  
Energy Physics

<p>Detection of g-rays is of vital significance in various areas such as high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, national security and space exploration. However, most current spectrometry methods are typically based on ionization effects which are limited to electron counting techniques. Herein, we report an alternative, quantifiable g-ray chemosensor from a g-ray-induced proton generation process more sensitive to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by surveying a series of commercially available polymers. Accordingly, a pH-sensitive yet g-ray-stable fluorophore is designed, resulting in dramatic fluorescence shift from the blue (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 460~480 nm) to the red region (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 570~620 nm) after subjecting it to g-irradiation in PMMA or PVC films. A linear response of ratiometric fluorescence intensity (I<sub>red</sub>/I<sub>blue</sub>) to g-ray dosage in a wide range (80-4060 Gy) was established, which can be used as a visual dosimeter. Meanwhile, the discovery also opens new doors for proton-based radiation detection and chemistry. </p>

scholarly journals Introduction

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko G. Minty ◽  
Frank Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Microscopic Probe ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structure Of Matter ◽  
Achieve Maximum Benefit ◽  
Energy Physics ◽  
Accelerated Particles

AbstractParticle accelerators were originally developed for research in nuclear and high-energy physics for probing the structure of matter. Over the years advances in technology have allowed higher and higher particle energies to be attained thus providing an ever more microscopic probe for understanding elementary particles and their interactions. To achieve maximum benefit from such accelerators, measuring and controlling the parameters of the accelerated particles is essential. This is the subject of this book.

scholarly journals Synergy SKA - CTA: Supernova remnants as cosmic accelerators

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S331) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Adriano Ingallinera ◽  
Corrado Trigilio ◽  
Grazia Umana ◽  
Paolo Leto ◽  
Carla Buemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tight Connection ◽  
Preparation Work ◽  
Energy Physics

AbstractSupernova remnants (SNRs) are one of the most important sites where particles are accelerated with high efficiency and in a wide range of energies, becoming an important component of cosmic rays. A good test for this hypothesis will be possible using the data collected by next-generation radio and gamma-ray observatories, like the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Radio emission is fundamental to explore the SNR environment and to shed light on the physical processes involved in particle acceleration, providing direct links to high-energy physics. Two cases of SNRs recently studied in radio are presented, showing the importance of high-resolution radio images. An overview of SKA and its precursors is given with our ongoing preparation work. In particular, we present the EMU survey and the pathfinder project SCORPIO. Finally a direct view of the tight connection between SKA and CTA future studies of SNRs is provided.

scholarly journals γ-Ray-Induced Proton Generation in Polymers: Quantifiable Single-Component Fluorescent Ratiometric Chemosensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Pei ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Wenhuan Huang ◽  
Hui Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proton Generation ◽  
Energy Physics

<p>Detection of g-rays is of vital significance in various areas such as high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, national security and space exploration. However, most current spectrometry methods are typically based on ionization effects which are limited to electron counting techniques. Herein, we report an alternative, quantifiable g-ray chemosensor from a g-ray-induced proton generation process more sensitive to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by surveying a series of commercially available polymers. Accordingly, a pH-sensitive yet g-ray-stable fluorophore is designed, resulting in dramatic fluorescence shift from the blue (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 460~480 nm) to the red region (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 570~620 nm) after subjecting it to g-irradiation in PMMA or PVC films. A linear response of ratiometric fluorescence intensity (I<sub>red</sub>/I<sub>blue</sub>) to g-ray dosage in a wide range (80-4060 Gy) was established, which can be used as a visual dosimeter. Meanwhile, the discovery also opens new doors for proton-based radiation detection and chemistry. </p>

scholarly journals Time Resolution Measurements on SiPM for High Energy Physics Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
L.M. Montano ◽  
M. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Physics

Scintillator detector have been used in a wide range of experiments in different areas: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Medicine, and Radiation Security among others. It is common to use scintillator counters coupled to Photomultiplier Tubes (PMT) as a read out detectors. Nowadays, there has been a great interest in using the Silicon Photomultipliers (PMSi) as a replacement for PMT's due to their high photon detection efficiency (PDE) and their high single photon time resolution (SPTR). The fast the signal is detected, the whole detection system will be useful to search for new physics. PMSi is also known to have a good compactness, magnetic field resistance and low cost. In our lab we are measuring the time resolution of two different models of PMS in order to build a fast radiation detector system.

From Factory to Farm: Dissemination of Computing in High-Energy Physics

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
On Line ◽  
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Decentralized Model ◽  
Energy Physics ◽  
Scientific Collaborations

Computing in high-energy physics relied on large computers and dedicated central facilities in the 1960s and 1970s. With the advent of colliding-beam accelerators, minicomputers, and microcomputers in the 1980s, physicists elaborated a new decentralized model of computing in high-energy physics. They restored control to and autonomy of their analysis of physics data, while simultaneously replacing large computers with farms, or clusters of microprocessors custom-built for their tasks. This new division of labor has become dominant in scientific collaborations in other fields and is presented here in the context of the culture of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which was a crucible for the creative efforts required to disseminate computing power to users. Fermilab, the last National Accelerator Laboratory, came on line as federal expenditures for high-energy physics ebbed in the 1970s and 1980s.

Thomas Gerald Pickavance, 19 October 1915 - 12 November 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 303-323
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Major Part ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Science Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Energy Physics

Thomas Gerald Pickavance was a leading authority on the design of particle accelerators for high-energy physics and was responsible for the construction of the most powerful accelerator built in this country, at the Rutherford Laboratory of which he was Director. He is chiefly remembered for the skilful, unselfish and unsparing way he made research facilities available for his fellow nuclear physicists and helped them to solve the problems of using large accelerators away from their universities. While Director for Nuclear Physics at the Science Research Council he played a major part in ensuring that the 300 GeV proton synchrotron at CERN was supported by this country and thus made available for the continued pursuit of high-energy physics here. He was elected to the Fellowship in the first year of his Suspension.

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