Identification of Key Genes Related to Immune Infiltration of Cirrhosis via Bioinformatics Analysis

BackgroundAccumulating researches have indicated that cirrhosis is a vital risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nevertheless, the underlying immune-related molecular mechanism remains indistinct.MethodsGene expression profiles of GSE89377 and GSE139602 were investigated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cirrhosis. Enrichment analysis for DEGs was explored. CIBERSORT algorithm was used for evaluating DEGs immune infiltration. The String and Cytoscape database were utilized for analyses hub DEGs with a high tight connection, and the association between hub DEGs and immune cells infiltration was analyzed by Spearman method. Finally, the underlying molecular mechanism of the key DEGs was predicted via KEGG pathway analysis.ResultsIn all, 299 DEGs were attained among them 136 and 163 were up and down-regulated respectively. Then Enrichment function of DEGs and CIBERSORT algorithm showed that they are significant in immune and inflammatory responses. Four hub DEGs (ACTB, TAGLN, VIM, SOX9) were identified. Subsequently, the immune infiltration findings indicated that, the hub DEGs highly related immune cells. Finally, KEGGs pathways were predicted related with ACTB. ConclusionsThis study revealed key DEGs may implement inflammatory immune responses with cirrhosis, which could be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Integral Inequalities for Generalized Harmonically Convex Functions in Fuzzy-Interval-Valued Settings

It is a well-known fact that convex and non-convex fuzzy mappings play a critical role in the study of fuzzy optimization. Due to the behavior of its definition, the idea of convexity also plays a significant role in the subject of inequalities. The concepts of convexity and symmetry have a tight connection. We may use whatever we learn from both the concepts, owing to the significant correlation that has developed between both in recent years. In this paper, we introduce a new class of harmonically convex fuzzy-interval-valued functions which is known as harmonically h-convex fuzzy-interval-valued functions (abbreviated as harmonically h-convex F-I-V-Fs) by means of fuzzy order relation. This fuzzy order relation is defined level-wise through Kulisch–Miranker order relation defined on interval space. Some properties of this class are investigated. BY using fuzzy order relation and h-convex F-I-V-Fs, Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically are developed via fuzzy Riemann integral. We have also obtained some new inequalities for the product of harmonically h-convex F-I-V-Fs. Moreover, we establish Hermite–Hadamard–Fej’er inequality for harmonically h-convex F-I-V-Fs via fuzzy Riemann integral. These outcomes are a generalization of a number of previously known results, as well as many new outcomes can be deduced as a result of appropriate parameter “θ” and real valued function “∇” selections. For the validation of the main results, we have added some nontrivial examples. We hope that the concepts and techniques of this study may open new directions for research.

Morphologic variability of the Acer campestre L. populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Morphologic variability from 25 populations of Acer campestre L. in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Morphometric structure of variability and between-population variability was performed based on 10 fruit-parameter characteristics and 19 leaf-parameter characteristics using multivariate statistical analysis. Results confirmed the separation of three submediterranean populations as a group in relation to other tested populations, from which the Banja Luka population is different. Measured leaf parameters were confirmed as a predominant carrier of the morphologic separation between populations. In other Acer species populations within A. monspessulanum and A. intermedium species are separated mainly by fruit and much less by leaf parameters. The southernmost submediterranean populations from Trebinje, Ljubuški, and Mostar regions have smaller leaf areas, which consequently places them within the same morphologic group; their variability is in tight connection with eco-geo-graphical factors, where the ecological distance is a much better predictor of morphological variability compared to geographical distance. The air temperature had the biggest influence on morphological variability regarding the highest in-between correlation. Achieved results may serve for the continuation of the research in other areas of Acer campestre to determine the interactive effect of ecological, geographical, climatic, and migrational factors on their morphologic population plasticity.

Various Approaches Proposed for Eliminating Duplicate Data in a System

The growth of big data processing market led to an increase in the overload of computation data centers, change of methods used in storing the data, communication between the computing units and computational time needed to process or edit the data. Methods of distributed or parallel data processing brought new problems related to computations with data which need to be examined. Unlike the conventional cloud services, a tight connection between the data and the computations is one of the main characteristics of the big data services. The computational tasks can be done only if relevant data are available. Three factors, which influence the speed and efficiency of data processing are - data duplicity, data integrity and data security. We are motivated to study the problems related to the growing time needed for data processing by optimizing these three factors in geographically distributed data centers.

Fuzzy Mixed Variational-Like and Integral Inequalities for Strongly Preinvex Fuzzy Mappings

It is a familiar fact that convex and non-convex fuzzy mappings play a critical role in the study of fuzzy optimization. Due to the behavior of its definition, the idea of convexity plays a significant role in the subject of inequalities. The concepts of convexity and symmetry have a tight connection. We may use whatever we learn from one to the other, thanks to the significant correlation that has developed between both in recent years. Our aim is to consider a new class of fuzzy mappings (FMs) known as strongly preinvex fuzzy mappings (strongly preinvex-FMs) on the invex set. These FMs are more general than convex fuzzy mappings (convex-FMs) and preinvex fuzzy mappings (preinvex-FMs), and when generalized differentiable (briefly, G-differentiable), strongly preinvex-FMs are strongly invex fuzzy mappings (strongly invex-FMs). Some new relationships among various concepts of strongly preinvex-FMs are established and verified with the support of some useful examples. We have also shown that optimality conditions of G-differentiable strongly preinvex-FMs and the fuzzy functional, which is the sum of G-differentiable preinvex-FMs and non G-differentiable strongly preinvex-FMs, can be distinguished by strongly fuzzy variational-like inequalities and strongly fuzzy mixed variational-like inequalities, respectively. In the end, we have established and verified a strong relationship between the Hermite–Hadamard inequality and strongly preinvex-FM. Several exceptional cases are also discussed. These inequalities are a very interesting outcome of our main results and appear to be new ones. The results in this research can be seen as refinements and improvements to previously published findings.

Mitochondrial DNA and Exercise: Implications for Health and Injuries in Sports

Recently, several studies have highlighted the tight connection between mitochondria and physical activity. Mitochondrial functions are important in high-demanding metabolic activities, such as endurance sports. Moreover, regular training positively affects metabolic health by increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and regulating glucose metabolism. Exercise could have multiple effects, also on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and vice versa; some studies have investigated how mtDNA polymorphisms can affect the performance of general athletes and mtDNA haplogroups seem to be related to the performance of elite endurance athletes. Along with several stimuli, including pathogens, stress, trauma, and reactive oxygen species, acute and intense exercise also seem to be responsible for mtDNA release into the cytoplasm and extracellular space, leading to the activation of the innate immune response. In addition, several sports are characterized by a higher frequency of injuries, including cranial trauma, associated with neurological consequences. However, with regular exercise, circulating cell-free mtDNA levels are kept low, perhaps promoting cf-mtDNA removal, acting as a protective factor against inflammation.

Jewish Languages

This chapter discusses the use of language varieties in the Jewish diaspora experience in the framework of sociolinguistic studies. Wherever Jews have lived and either wished to distinguish themselves from their neighbors or were encouraged or forced to distinguish themselves, they did so through clothing, food, ritual, and also through language: they have spoken and written somewhat differently from their neighbors around them. Examining the Jewish linguistic spectrum through theories of language continuum, distinctiveness, and repertoire allows us to recognize patterns and commonalities across time and a space. Sociocultural and sociolinguistic analysis of Jewish religiolects demonstrates a tight connection between language and religion, while also helping elucidate the ways in which Jews—as well as non-Jews—have crossed religious boundaries.

Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction Through Deep Ocean Carbon Sequestration “DOCS”

The United Nations, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Assessment Report 6 (UN IPCC AR6) dated August 7th 2021 describes the urgency of reducing atmospheric greenhouse gasses, carbon dioxide (CO2) in particular, and methane (CH4) in order to limit global warming to a survivable level. AR6 identifies the tight connection between the world’s Gross Domestic Product and anthropogenic fossil fuel consumption that has resulted in the buildup of CO2. It also describes how and why it is going to become more difficult to achieve the desired goals as we get closer to those goals with the present available technologies. The options for fighting global warming are limited, difficult to implement, and with few good options, the decisions that are being made under these circumstances, are of concern. Rather than focusing on the difficult task of eliminating 100% of anthropogenic atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, the focus herein is on eliminating ≈7% of the atmospheric greenhouse gasses emitted by microbes, and decomposition including wildfires, every year to achieve net zero emissions for our planet.

Red Blood Cell Proteasome in Beta-Thalassemia Trait: Topology of Activity and Networking in Blood Bank Conditions

Proteasomes are multi-catalytic complexes with important roles in protein control. Their activity in stored red blood cells (RBCs) is affected by both storage time and the donor’s characteristics. However, apart from their abundancy in the membrane proteome, not much is known about their topology, activity, and networking during the storage of RBCs from beta-thalassemia trait donors (βThal+). For this purpose, RBC units from fourteen βThal+ donors were fractionated and studied for proteasome activity distribution and interactome through fluorometric and correlation analyses against units of sex- and aged-matched controls. In all the samples examined, we observed a time-dependent translocation and/or activation of the proteasome in the membrane and a tight connection of activity with the oxidative burden of cells. Proteasomes were more active in the βThal+ membranes and supernatants, while the early storage networking of 20S core particles and activities showed a higher degree of connectivity with chaperones, calpains, and peroxiredoxins, which were nonetheless present in all interactomes. Moreover, the βThal+ interactomes were specially enriched in kinases, metabolic enzymes, and proteins differentially expressed in βThal+ membrane, including arginase-1, piezo-1, and phospholipid scramblase. Overall, it seems that βThal+ erythrocytes maintain a considerable “proteo-vigilance” during storage, which is closely connected to their distinct antioxidant dynamics and membrane protein profile.

Closing the Feedback Loop in DevOps Through Autonomous Monitors in Operations

DevOps represent the tight connection between development and operations. To address challenges that arise on the borderline between development and operations, we conducted a study in collaboration with a Swedish company responsible for ticket management and sales in public transportation. The aim of our study was to explore and describe the existing DevOps environment, as well as to identify how the feedback from operations can be improved, specifically with respect to the alerts sent from system operations. Our study complies with the basic principles of the design science paradigm, such as understanding and improving design solutions in the specific areas of practice. Our diagnosis, based on qualitative data collected through interviews and observations, shows that alert flooding is a challenge in the feedback loop, i.e. too much signals from operations create noise in the feedback loop. Therefore, we design a solution to improve the alert management by optimizing when to raise alerts and accordingly introducing a new element in the feedback loop, a smart filter. Moreover, we implemented a prototype of the proposed solution design and showed that a tighter relation between operations and development can be achieved, using a hybrid method which combines rule-based and unsupervised machine learning for operations data analysis.