Anchoring Growth: The Importance of Productivity-Enhancing Reforms in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Era Dabla-Norris ◽  
Giang Ho ◽  
Kalpana Kochhar ◽  
Annette Kyobe ◽  
Robert Tchaidze
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sectoral Productivity ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Broad Policy ◽  
Future Growth

This paper examines the supply side drivers of growth in emerging market and developing economics (EMDEs) during the past decades and discusses the role of productivity-enhancing reforms in bolstering future growth prospects. It examines aggregate and sectoral productivity trends including around reform episodes to draw broad policy lessons on what policies are needed to increase productivity. Findings suggest appropriate policies need to be tailored to the stage of economic development and to other pertinent features that give rise to the heterogeneous experiences of EMDEs.

Mobile Money and Mobile Technologies: A Structural Estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Sining Song ◽  
Sriram Venkataraman ◽  
Yuliang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

Mobile money is a service bundled with mobile technology and a social good that promotes financial inclusion for the under-served populations. Although the effect of mobile money has been examined in the past, we look at the supply side effects as it is important for managers to understand the role of mobile money in both providing social good and making a profit. From 1G to 4G mobile technologies, mobile money consistently serves as a competitive advantage for mobile network operators (MNOs). However, this does not mean that the effect stays unchanged over the generations of mobile technology. Instead, when the 3G technology allows web browsing as a major upgrade of mobile functionality, MNOs with mobile money have a substantially larger set of options to differentiate from those without mobile money; and as a result, mobile money implemented with 3G and 4G leads to larger market shares than that with 1G and 2G.

Private sector strengthens Africa regional ties

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Insurance Firms

Subject The role of the private sector in strengthening regional ties between African states. Significance Over the past decade, the African continent has experienced greater integration within and across its regions, especially through trade. While still lagging behind many other emerging market regions, this growth has been driven in large part by the private sector. More African companies are now expanding beyond the borders of their home countries. Private equity is playing an important role in funding this expansion, supporting companies with knowledge and experience to access broader markets. Impacts Commercial ties are pushing regulators to harmonise aspects of economic policy across borders, eg on banks and insurance firms. Longer-term integration projects -- eg African Central Bank and African Monetary Fund -- are unlikely to succeed. Firms from regional hegemons (Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa) will tend to have the greatest pan-Africa footprint.

Multinational Corporations from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Amann
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Statistical Trends ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Broad Policy

Following an overview of relevant theoretical considerations centering on Mathews’s view of the potential sources of emerging market multinational corporation (MNC) advantage, this chapter presents a brief survey of statistical trends surrounding Brazilian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) over the past 15 years or so. The chapter characterizes the sectoral orientation of Brazilian MNCs, pointing out the significant natural-resource base (NRB) focus of many of the largest enterprises. It also considers the broad policy-related factors that have helped propel the recent surge in outward investment. The chapter concludes by considering the challenges currently facing Brazilian MNCs. Not the least of these is the current wave of corruption scandals surrounding key MNCs in the energy and construction sectors. It is argued that these partly underlie a process of consolidation and divestment that is taking place in many of Brazil’s largest MNCs.

Historical and present-day child labour: is there a gap or a bridge between them?

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJATTA RAHIKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

This article suggests that analyses of child labour today should take as their point of comparison poorer nineteenth-century continental European countries, rather than the more commonly cited analogy of industrializing Britain. Two aspects of comparison between the nineteenth-century Finnish experience and today's developing economies are especially relevant. The first is the role of foreign investors in introducing industrial child labour in the early stages of industrialization. The second is labour migration, and particularly that of children. Industrial child labour in nineteenth-century Finland, and labour migration from Finland to St Petersburg, serve as empirical case studies. Finally, the author suggests that new apologies for industrial child labour in the past can be linked with the late-twentieth-century expansion of child labour.

scholarly journals The Price of Capital Goods

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (134) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicheng Lian ◽  
Natalija Novta ◽  
Evgenia Pugacheva ◽  
Yannick Timmer ◽  
Petia Topalova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
Additional Channel

Over the past three decades, the price of machinery and equipment fell dramatically relative to other prices in advanced and emerging market and developing economies. Using cross-country and sectoral data, we show that the decline in the relative price of tangible tradable capital goods provided a significant impetus to the capital deepening that took place during the same time period. The broad-based decline in the relative price of machinery and equipment, in turn, was driven by the faster productivity growth in the capital goods producing sectors relative to the rest of the economy, and deeper trade integration, which induced domestic producers to lower prices and increase their efficiency. Our findings suggest an additional channel through which rising trade tensions and sluggish productivity could threaten real investment growth going forward.

Changing Patterns of Global Trade

Policy Papers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Changing Patterns

The past few decades have seen important shifts that have reshaped the global trade landscape. As a share of global output, trade is now at almost three times the level in the early 1950s, in large part driven by the integration of rapidly growing emerging market economies (EMEs). The expansion in trade is mostly accounted for by growth in noncommodity exports, especially of high-technology products such as computers and electronics. It is also characterized by a growing role of global supply chains and an ongoing shift of technology content toward EMEs. These developments in global trade have been associated with growing trade interconnectedness and carry important implications for trade patterns, in particular in response to relative price changes. The aim of this paper is to outline the factors underlying these changes and analyze their implications for the outlook for global trade patterns.

scholarly journals Regional dimensions of recent investment weakness: Facts, investment needs and policy responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterine Vashakmadze ◽  
Gerard Kambou ◽  
Derek Chen ◽  
Boaz Nandwa ◽  
Yoki Okawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Investment Growth

Investment growth in many emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) has slowed sharply since 2010. Investment growth performance has varied significantly across different regions, however. This paper examines the evolution of investment growth in six EMDE regions, documents remaining investment needs, especially for infrastructure, and presents a set of region-specific policy responses to address these needs. It reports three main findings. First, investment growth has been particularly weak in EMDE regions hosting a large number of commodity exporters. In regions with a substantial number of commodity-importing economies, investment growth has been somewhat resilient but has also declined steadily since 2010. Second, sizable investment needs remain in most EMDE regions to make room for expanding economic activity and rapid urbanization. A large portion of these investment needs is in infrastructure and human capital. Finally, while specific policy priorities vary across regions, several policy options to address remaining investment needs apply universally. These include more, and more efficient, public investment and measures to improve overall growth prospects and the business climate. Improved project selection and monitoring, as well as better governance, may enhance the efficiency and benefits from public investment.

Making growth inclusive: perspectives on the role of social policy in developing economies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cook
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Remaking the relationship between paid work and welfare looms as the central challenge for an inclusive growth regime. Neoliberal economic policies created a legacy of high unemployment and precarity that has not been addressed by the social investment approach with its purely supply side focus. Inclusive growth insists that paid work must underpin a sustainable welfare regime. But how can this be done given the state of current labour markets? This chapter reconsiders the paid work welfare nexus.

Commentary: Growth Prospects and Financial Services

2009 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weale
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Services Industry ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Financial Services Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Services Industry

Over the past twenty years the expansion of the British economy has been supported by growth in the financial services industry. With the onset of the financial crisis it seems most unlikely that the financial services industry can, in the future, act as the sort of motor of growth that it had done in the past. This commentary provides an overview of the role of the financial services sector in the economy over the past twenty years and assesses likely developments in the future. It first assesses the contribution of the sector to the economy and then considers the issues surrounding its likely shape in the future.

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