Chapter 13 Hazards associated with mining and mineral exploitation in Cornwall and Devon, SW England

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gamble ◽  
M. Anderson ◽  
J. S. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Great Depth ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Mining Hazards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Paleozoic Rocks

AbstractThe largest UNESCO World Heritage Site in the UK is found in Cornwall and west Devon, and its designation is based specifically on its heritage for metalliferous mining, especially tin, copper and arsenic. With a history of over 2000 years of mining, SW England is exceptional in the nature and extent of its mining landscape. The mining for metallic ores, and more recently for kaolin, is a function of the distinctive geology of the region. The mining hazards that are encountered in areas of metallic mines are a function of: the Paleozoic rocks; the predominant steeply dipping nature of mineral veins and consequent shaft mining; the great depth and complexity of some of the mines; the waste derived from processing metallic ores; the long history of exploitation; and the contamination associated with various by-products of primary ore-processing, refining and smelting, notably arsenic. The hazards associated with kaolin mining are mainly related to the volume of the inert waste products and the need to maintain stable spoil tips, and the depth of the various tailings’ ponds and pits. The extent of mining in Cornwall and Devon has resulted in the counties being leaders in mining heritage preservation and the treatment and remediation of mining-related hazards.

scholarly journals WHAT THE BRICKS TELL US FROM A TEMPLE AT BURKHAN KHALDUN MOUNTAINS: CHRONOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM pIRIR LUMINESCENCE

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Saran S ◽  
Tengis S ◽  
Tsogtbaatar B
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Infrared Luminescence ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of

The Burkhan Khaldun Mountains (Mongolia) and its surrounding sacred landscape are associated with Genghis Khan’s birth and burial place as described in “The Secret History of the Mongols”. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 4 July 2015 under the title «Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape.”This study offered a great opportunity to apply the recently developed post-IR infrared luminescence (pIRIR) approach to feldspar using coarse and polymineral fine grain techniques and determine the manufacturing date of a brick sample associated with the ruins of the Buddhist temple at the Burkhan Khaldun Mountains. Furthermore, the mineralogical composition of different blue-grey colored bricks from various temple buildings such as the Buddhist temples in Karakorum, Dugan in Erdene Zuu and Avargyn Balgas were studied. The original place and date of manufacturing of the bricks was revealed using the pIRIR180 and pIRIR240 from coarse and fine grains from a heated feldspar sample and were 1280±40 AD and 1230±50 AD, correspondingly, which falls into the time period of extensive constructions in Karakorum.

Conservation Offsets and Pipeline Construction: A Case Study of the TMX Anchor Loop Project

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
History Of

When Terasen Pipelines (later Kinder Morgan Canada) sought to loop its Trans Mountain pipeline through Canada’s Jasper National Park and British Columbia’s Mount Robson Provincial Park, both being components of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage site, the company faced formidable regulatory and public interest obstacles. However, the company and several environmental groups agreed not to test the strength of their respective uncertain legal positions, but to work co-operatively with each other and with park managers. The motivating goal was to design into the looping project some aspect of environmental improvement that would result in a net benefit to the ecological conditions of the two parks, more than compensating for the residual disturbance which would be caused by the looping after mitigation. The central concept was that of a “conservation offset” (also known as “biodiversity offset”), which has been defined as: “conservation actions intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects, so as to ensure no net loss of biodiversity.” This paper reviews the history of the discussions and planning which took place, considers the adequacy of the outcomes, and suggest lessons for using conservation offsets as a means to align proponent and stakeholder interests and improve environmental outcomes for linear projects beyond the prospects offered by mitigation alone.

Gropius and the Teddy Bear: a tale of two factories

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
Brenda Vale ◽  
Robert Vale
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Teddy Bear ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Double Skin

The architecturally radical Steiff teddy bear factory in Giengen, Germany is a three storey, double skin glass curtain wall building with a steel frame, built in 1903. It is almost unknown in architectural history. On the other hand the loadbearing brick Fagus factory built in 1911 to a design by Gropius and Meyer, in spite of its nineteenth century technology, has become a hallowed icon of modern architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The article discusses the contested history of both buildings and offers some suggestions as to why one became famous and the other did not. It also discusses the equally contested history of the teddy bear, showing that in both cases, history tends to ignore facts in favour of good stories.

scholarly journals Great Canadian Lagerstätten 4. The Devonian Miguasha Biota (Québec): UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Time Capsule in the Early History of Vertebrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Tissus Mous ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblage

Over the past 170 years, the Late Devonian Miguasha biota from eastern Canada has yielded a diverse aquatic assemblage including 20 species of lower vertebrates (anaspids, osteostracans, placoderms, acanthodians, actinopterygians and sarcopterygians), a more limited invertebrate assemblage, and a continental component including plants, scorpions and millipedes. Originally interpreted as a freshwater lacustrine environment, recent paleontological, taphonomic, sedimentological and geochemical evidence corroborates a brackish estuarine setting. Over 18,000 fish specimens have been recovered showing various modes of fossilization, including uncompressed material and soft-tissue preservation. Most vertebrates are known from numerous, complete, articulated specimens. Exceptionally well-preserved larval and juvenile specimens have been identified for 14 out of the 20 species of fishes, allowing growth studies. Numerous horizons within the Escuminac Formation are now interpreted as either Konservat– or Konzentrat–Lagerstätten.SOMMAIREAu cours des 170 dernières années, le biote du Dévonien supérieur de Miguasha de l’Est du Canada a fourni un assemblage aquatique diversifié, comprenant 20 espèces de vertébrés inférieurs (anaspides, ostéostracés, placodermes, acanthodiens, actinoptérygiens et sarcoptérygiens) et un assemblage peu diversifié d’invertébrés ainsi qu’une composante continentale, représentée par des plantes, des scorpions et des mille-pattes. À l’origine interprété comme un milieu lacustre d’eau douce, les dernières preuves paléontologiques, taphonomiques, sédimentologiques et géochimiques confirment un environnement saumâtre rappelant celui d’un estuaire. Plus de 18,000 fossiles de poissons ont été découverts montrant différents états de conservation, notamment en trois dimensions et la préservation de tissus mous. La plupart des vertébrés sont connus par de nombreux spécimens complets et articulés. Des spécimens de larves et de juvéniles, exceptionnellement bien conservés, ont été identifiées pour 14 des 20 espèces de poissons permettant des études détaillées de leur croissance. De nombreux horizons au sein de la Formation d’Escuminac sont interprétés soit comme des Konservat– ou Konzentrat–Lagerstätten.

Inventory, evaluation and promotion of the Essaouira Province geoheritage (Morocco): Toward a local and socio-economic sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Younes Arrad ◽  
Ezzoura Errami ◽  
Nasser Ennih ◽  
Brahim Ouajhain ◽  
El Mostafa Ettachfini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Economic Sustainable Development ◽  
Atlantic Margin

<p>Essaouira Province, as part of both Atlantic margin and Atlasic domain, hosts important and diverse natural attributes. The recognition of its important geological history of more than 250 million years and its tourist vocation based on the promotion of cultural, natural and human heritage are the main criteria to choose this study area. Moreover, since 2001, Essaouira has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has long been a magnet for both national and international visitors.</p><p>The present work aims to inventory, assess and promote the major occurrences of geodiversity of Essaouira province, which are still unrecognized, fully unrevealed and unexploited, for conservation and development purposes. The inventory allows us to select the most significant geosites that are assessed through an adaptation of the method proposed by Reynard et al. (2016), based on the scientific and the additional criteria. This new approach that it is being developed and tested by our research group “Equipe de Géodynamique, Géo-éducation et Patrimoine Géologique” of the Faculty of Sciences (El Jadida), consists of the identification of the potential geosites according to a spatial hierarchy (primary, secondary, tertiary and individual geosites), while keeping the original metrics. This procedure has enabled us to assess geosites in terms of their scientific, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values: (i) Jbel Amsittene primary geosite (6 secondary and 15 tertiary geosites); (ii) Tidzi Diapir primary geosite (14 secondary geosites); (iii) Jbel Hadid primary geosite (14 secondary geosites). The remaining geosites in the province have been considered as individual geosites (21 scientific and 16 cultural). A database has been created by GIS-based implementation  and the outcomes that highlights the most relevant geosites are plotted on synthetic maps that integrate all data pertaining to the basic infrastructures.</p><p>This work provides a contribution to the Moroccan geoheritage inventory and promotion. therefore, we suggest activities to be developed, mainly in the fields of geotourism and geo-education. Indeed, these activities will allow popularizing Earth Science and catalyzing sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas while keeping and promoting their local identity. Consequently, it is important to integrate the geoheritage in the region's development-related priorities and strategies and to create a geopark in Essaouira Province.</p>

scholarly journals "Wine" tours by Europe as one of the areas of recreational activities

2015 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Larisa Savranchuk
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Car Travel

The term “wine” tourism and its essence are considered in the article. Program, duration and types of “wine” tours are described. Principles of organization of such tours and the term of pre-order are determined. The attention is focused on the process of tasting, that includes: the location, the quality of the material, content; features and traits of enoteks, museums and wine festivals are highlighted; examples of classification “wine” tours (group, individual, hybrids first and second) are given. The data on the structure of “wine” tours (move to the starting point of travel, transfers, accommodation, catering facilities, and excursions) are presented. It refers to additional features over the standard program. Examples of car travel by the “wine” roads of France, “wine” routes in Italy are given. “Wine” tours of European countries, particularly in Cyprus (history's most famous brands, festivals, “wine” routes, the Museum of wine) are described. The excursion to the Greek winery, the link between wine and culture of the Italians and their character are delineated. The competitive principles of annual ceremony of marking of the best restaurant for “wine” tourism; culture center of the wine, “wine” estates in Italy are described. The attention is concentrated to the history of the brand “Chianti”, production of grappa and other. The feast of the grape in Spain (dates, location, program of “hero” holidays) are discussed in the article. Peculiarities of climate and soils of Southern Spain are mentioned as factors of growing vines “Palomino”, the role and value of “noble” mold in the production of heres, the features of the technology. The regions of wineries of Spain; the largest museum in the world of wine; specific accommodation facilities “Bodega”; symbiosis SPA hotels and restaurants; recreational coverage of Panades are mentioned in the article. The examples of production of the original Porto – the Sunny nectar of Portugal in Douro valley are given. Extra motivation to visit “wine” tours in Portugal are stated. The data about the culture of wine consumption in France are presented. “Wine” tours in Bordeaux, Champagne, Burgundy and Luarska Valley, Alsace and “wine” marathons of Medoc are described. Features of “wine” tours in Germany, classes of wines quality, wine-growing region, “wine” parks are highlighted. Geneva wine region of Switzerland, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site are characterized in the article. Attention is concentrated to the “wine” tours in Hungary (22 wine regions). Underdeveloped areas “wine” of tourism in Georgia are revealed. “Wine” tours in Transcarpathian and Odessa regions of Ukraine are described. Key words: “wine” variety of gastronomic tours as direction of recreational activities.

scholarly journals Reimagining the Aapravasi Ghat: Khal Torabully's poetry and the indentured diaspora

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-143
Author(s):  
Shanaaz Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Shared Trauma ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

National narratives in Mauritius often affiliate the Indian diaspora with the experience of indentureship and the Aapravasi Ghat, a nineteenth century immigration depot classified in 2006 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This affiliation inevitably disregards the African, Malagasy, and Chinese laborers who also worked under the system of indenture in Mauritius during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In his 2013 collection of poetry, Voices from the Aapravasi Ghat: Indentured Imaginaries, Khal Torabully returns to the Aapravasi Ghat to recast the history of indentureship and highlight the various ethnicities of the indentured diaspora, their shared trauma, and displacement. This study contends that Torabully’s poetic engagement with the Aapravasi Ghat, as an historical site of indentureship and its overlooked diversity, challenges the perception of the Ghat as a representation of Indian indentured memory. It uses Torabully’s Coolitude poetics as a conceptual frame to consider the Aapravasi Ghat as an inaugural space that facilitated the creation of a complex, open-ended identity that aspires to promote a culture of diversity but not without its limitations and contradictions. Despite efforts to disrupt ethnic distinctiveness, Torabully reproduces Indo-centric perspectives expressed through the concept of kala pani and the fakir figure.

scholarly journals Analyzing Street Art to Present the Heritage of George Town, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedehelham Sadatiseyedmahalleh ◽  
Suraiyati Rahman ◽  
Aldrin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Past Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
George Town ◽  
The Impact

Street art comprises all kinds of art developed in public locations. This form of art has spread to all heritage streets in George Town, the capital of Penang Island, which is also a known UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, instead of its heritage, food, and interesting past life and structure, the rapid multiplication of street art in George Town has created a new and unusual art that attracts tourists. Street art has spread to small roads and heritage streets in the city. This art increases the awareness of spectators by introducing them to the rich history of these streets and inducing a lively concept in the inner city of George Town. Accordingly, the impact of iron rod sculptures and murals, which comprises approximately 90% of street art in George Town, were determined to explore and identify the effects of this street art on this world heritage site. The findings were obtained from 263 out of 306 questionnaires accomplished by tourists in George Town. The results confirm that tourists prefer murals over iron rod sculptures. Iron rod sculptures are designed to tell the history of the street, whereas murals are designed to create aesthetic value. The findings indicated that similar to iron rod sculptures, more control should be exercised on the subjects of murals.

The Bracing Vaults of Millenium: History of the Hagia Sophia of Constantinople Through the Prism of Pitirim Sorokin’s Integral Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Marina V. Lomonosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
The One

Historic decision to return to Hagia Sophia the status of a mosque once again proved that its history cycle has reached a new stage: from Byzantine temple — to the Ottoman mosque — through the UNESCO World Heritage Site — to the great Hagia Sophia mosque. In case of studying the historical dynamics of status, cultural significance and social functions of Hagia Sophia, the integral macrosociological theory of P.A. Sorokin is the most relevant and has got sufficient heuristic potential. The history of Hagia Sophia has been influenced and is still being affected by rhythmic sequence of three super-systems: ideational, idealistic and sensual. It's on the one hand. On the other hand, Hagia Sophia is not only an architectural object, which in its historical dynamics has passed a difficult way from a Christian temple to a mosque, but above all — one of the main means for expressing the set of values of the ideational cultural supersystem.

Eiffel Tower

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hollis Clayson
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The literature on the Eiffel Tower is wide-ranging and multidisciplinary, echoing the character and history of the 300-meter iron structure itself: a singular and controversial monument with both a past and a present. Not meant to last beyond a few decades, the Tower still looms over Paris. It was the tallest structure on earth when constructed on the Champ de Mars in the French capital as the centerpiece of the 1889 Exposition Universelle, which marked the hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution. Reviled at first, it is revered today. During the post-WWII decades, it became the central icon and symbol of Paris and eventually of France tout court, and is today one of the most widely recognized and visited attractions in the world. The Tower was made a Monument historique in 1964 and named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site (“Paris, Banks of the Seine”) in 1991. The publications enumerated and glossed in what follows align with the Tower’s complexity: they are drawn from art, architectural, cultural, economic, political, social, and technology history as well as biography and semiology.

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