Recent developments in engineering Quaternary geology in the Geological Survey of The Netherlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
E. F. J. de Mulder ◽  
R. Hillen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Quaternary Geology ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Data Aquisition ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractThe Geological Survey of The Netherlands is involved in a number of Quaternary engineering geological projects. Traditionally, a “top-down” approach is followed, that is, at a client’s request, thematic maps derived mainly from the basic data of the geological mapping Programme are produced. More recently, projects have been started that require a “bottom-up” approach: for each such project, criteria are formulated that are to be met throughout all phases of the project, that is, from data aquisition to the presentation of the results. Both approaches are needed to maintain the vitality of the geological advisory work as well as of the regular geological mapping programme.

Dychotomiczny podział referendów dotyczących integracji europejskiej. Europejskie referenda bottom-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 3(164) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Parol
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Common Category ◽  
The United Kingdom

One of the permanent instruments shaping the acquis communautaire are national referendums, which, although they have a different legal basis in each country, due to their scope, are combined into a common category of referendums on European integration (European referendums). Followed shortly by revision referendums, membership referendums were the first to appear in the integration process. The said referendums are part of the process of the top-down law Europeanisation. They do not, however, exhaust the catalogue of referendums on European integration, which also includes bottom-up Europeanisation national referendums. Because in each case of referendums it is possible to clearly indicate the type of Europeanisation (top-down, bottom-up) which they implement – it seems that this process may become the basis for the internal diversification of European referendums. The aim of the article is to propose a dichotomous division into European top-down and bottom-up referendums, and to analyse the categories of European bottom-up referendums. Six referendums organised after the TL’s entry into force were analysed. These are referendums that took place in: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Hungary.

scholarly journals Dissociable laminar profiles of concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulation in the human visual cortex

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel JD Lawrence ◽  
David G Norris ◽  
Floris P de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Stimulus Contrast ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Human Neuroimaging

Recent developments in human neuroimaging make it possible to non-invasively measure neural activity from different cortical layers. This can potentially reveal not only which brain areas are engaged by a task, but also how. Specifically, bottom-up and top-down responses are associated with distinct laminar profiles. Here, we measured lamina-resolved fMRI responses during a visual task designed to induce concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulations via orthogonal manipulations of stimulus contrast and feature-based attention. BOLD responses were modulated by both stimulus contrast (bottom-up) and by engaging feature-based attention (top-down). Crucially, these effects operated at different cortical depths: Bottom-up modulations were strongest in the middle cortical layer and weaker in deep and superficial layers, while top-down modulations were strongest in the superficial layers. As such, we demonstrate that laminar activity profiles can discriminate between concurrent top-down and bottom-up processing, and are diagnostic of how a brain region is activated.

scholarly journals Review of the Survey's activities in 1971

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
K Ellitsgaard-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Government Department ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Geological Research

In 1971 the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) celebrated its 25th year of geological research in Greenland. During this period the Survey has developed into the official government department of the Ministry for Greenland dealing with geological aspects. The interest shown by mining and oil companies in both onshore and offshore areas of Greenland during the last decade has continued to grow and as a result the Survey has set up an economic section to deal with matters concerning mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. This work forms an important part of the Survey's tasks which are to investigate, map and explain, in as much detail as is practicable, the geology of Greenland. Systematic geological mapping, detailed investigations of selected mineral deposits and the publication of results of research carried out during the first 25 years of the Survey's existence provide the basic data for the realisation of the economic potential of Greenland.

Academic freedom and the discovery of electroreception in catfish and dogfish

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
Robert Peters
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Individual Scientist ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Individual

AbstractA brief sketch is given of the changing interpretation of Academic Freedom at the universities in The Netherlands during the last half of the twentieth century, by discussing the discoveries of electroreception in catfish, Ameiurus nebulosus, and dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. It is concluded that science is no longer hypothesis-driven, but money-driven. Whereas innovation and discoveries belong typically to the domain of the individual scientist and flourish in a bottom-up organisation, the funding agencies of today advocate a top-down approach to stimulate creativity. Apparently the resultant institutionalization has not the desired result.

scholarly journals Dissociable laminar profiles of concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulation in the human visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. D. Lawrence ◽  
David G. Norris ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Stimulus Contrast ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Human Neuroimaging

AbstractRecent developments in human neuroimaging make it possible to non-invasively measure neural activity from different cortical layers. This can potentially reveal not only which brain areas are engaged by a task, but also how. Specifically, bottom-up and top-down responses are associated with distinct laminar profiles. Here, we measured lamina-resolved fMRI responses during a visual task designed to induce concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulations via orthogonal manipulations of stimulus contrast and feature-based attention. BOLD responses were modulated by both stimulus contrast (bottom-up) and by engaging feature-based attention (top-down). Crucially, these effects operated at different cortical depths: Bottom-up modulations were strongest in the middle cortical layer, while top-down modulations were strong at all depths, being significantly stronger in deep and superficial layers compared to bottom-up effects. As such, we demonstrate that laminar activity profiles can discriminate between concurrent top-down and bottom-up processing, and are diagnostic of how a brain region is activated.

scholarly journals August Tobler, the Swiss Pioneer of South Sumatra Geological Mapping, 1900-1912

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
J.T. (Han) Van Gorsel ◽  
Bernhard Gunzenhauser
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
Geologic Maps ◽  
Petroleum Field

Dr. August Tobler was a well-known Swiss geologist, who, as one of the very first petroleum field geologists in the Netherlands Indies, did more than ten years of geological mapping in the tiger-infested jungles of South Sumatra. He first worked for the Koninklijke/Royal Dutch and Moeara Enim oil companies in South Sumatra from 1900 to 1904. This was followed by six more years of geological mapping in the Jambi basin, as the first non-Dutch geoscientist at the Dienst van het Mijnwezen (Geological Survey). His thoroughly documented monographs and geologic maps of his geological fieldwork in the Palembang and Jambi basins of South Sumatra, as well as the adjacent Barisan Mountains, set new standards for quality and detail.Much of the personal information on Dr. Tobler is from papers by Kugler (1930, 1963), Oppenoorth (1930), Stehlin (1931) and Hottinger (2013). This paper is one of the chapters from a new book that is being prepared by the first author, entitled Pioneers and Milestones of Indonesian Geology (~1820-1960).

ADVANCED TISSUE ENGINEERING STRATEGIES FOR VASCULARIZED PARENCHYMAL CONSTRUCTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1430001 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANKANG HE ◽  
FENG XU ◽  
YAXIONG LIU ◽  
ZHONGMIN JIN ◽  
DICHEN LI
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Complex Structural

The fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs to alleviate donor shortage in organ transplantation is the holy grail of tissue engineering. However, conventional tissue-engineering strategies have encountered huge challenges in recapitulating complex structural organization of native organs (e.g., orderly arrangement of multiple cell types and vascular network), which plays an important role in engineering functional vascularized parenchymal constructs in vitro. Recent developments of various advanced tissue-engineering strategies have exhibited great promise in replicating organ-specific architectures into artificial constructs. Here, we review the recent advances in top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal constructs. We highlight the fabrication of microfluidic scaffolds potential for nutrient transport or vascularization as well as the controlled multicellular arrangement. The advantages as well as the limitations associated with these strategies will be discussed. It is envisioned that the combination of microfluidic concept in top-down strategies and multicellular arrangement concept in bottom-up strategies could potentially generate new insights for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs.

scholarly journals New prospects in geomorphological and geological mapping of the Rhine-Meuse Delta - Application of detailed digital elevation maps based on laser altimetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.A. Berendsen ◽  
K.P. Volleberg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Altimetry Data ◽  
Laser Altimetry ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Digital Elevation Map ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

AbstractOver the past 80 years, the Rhine-Meuse delta has been mapped extensively by drilling boreholes. These maps are compared with a new detailed digital elevation map of the Netherlands (AHN) that became available in 2004 and is based on very accurate, (sub-decimeter) laser-altimetry data. Examples show, that existing maps can be significantly improved. However, field checks remain a necessity. Therefore, the AHN-data need to be confronted with existing borehole descriptions using a GIS. Geomorphological analysis and geological interpretation of surface elevation patterns now enable us to map larger areas, in greater detail, with greater accuracy, and much faster. It is argued that detailed (≥1 : 50,000) geological mapping of the Netherlands should be resumed, combining the databases of Utrecht University, the National Geological Survey and Alterra.

scholarly journals The conquest of middle-earth: combining top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication for constructing nanoparticle based devices

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 14605-14616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Diaz Fernandez ◽  
Tina A. Gschneidtner ◽  
Carl Wadell ◽  
Louise H. Fornander ◽  
Samuel Lara Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Recent Developments

We present recent developments on the use of self-assembly methods to bridge the gap between sub-nanometer and micrometer length scales.

scholarly journals Cyclogram technique for geological mapping of borehole data

1973 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Lars Jørgen Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
New Method ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Three Dimensional Mapping ◽  
Graphical Illustration ◽  
Dimensional Mapping

This paper describes the principles of a new method for three-dimensional mapping of geological basic data from boreholes and wells. This method is developed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and uses cyclograms for graphical illustration of borehole records in stead of bar diagrams.The procedure and the technical tools for construction of the cyclogram and the map are described. Advantages and disadvantages of the method compared with other mapping methods are discussed.For illustration of the method a map of about 350 sq.km with more than 500 well-record-cyclograms is enclosed.

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