Oxygen and Hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters in France

2021 ◽  
pp. SP507-2020-207
Author(s):  
V. Daux ◽  
B. Minster ◽  
A. Cauquoin ◽  
O. Jossoud ◽  
M. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Hydrogen Isotopic Composition

AbstractThe isotopic composition of oxygen (δ18O), and hydrogen (δ2H) are widely used to locate the geographical origin of biological remains or manufactured products. In this paper, we analyze the distributions of δ18O and δ2H in tap waters sampled across France, and in precipitation interpolated with OIPC and modelled with the isotope-enabled ECHAM6-wiso model. Our aim is to provide isoscapes usable in archaeology and forensics and evaluate if modelled data could be surrogates for measured ones.The δ18O and δ2H in the 396 tap waters sampled vary spatially within a range of 10‰ and 77‰ respectively. Their consistent distributions follow rules summarized by the effects of altitude and distance from the coast. Their variations along the year are small. Therefore, the database provides a solid reference for δ18O and δ2H of the water supply system at the regional scale. The areas with the most uncommon oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (Atlantic coast South of Brittany and the highest elevations in the Alps) are the most accurately traceable areas in provenancing studies.The isotopic compositions of modelled precipitation have the same spatial distributions but different absolute values from those of tap waters. Therefore, our results favour the use of statistical isoscapes rather than GCM-based isoscapes in provenancing studies.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5256034

scholarly journals New microfossil and strontium isotope chronology used to identify the controls of Miocene reefs and related facies in NW Cyprus

2020 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-081
Author(s):  
Torin Cannings ◽  
Elizabeth M. Balmer ◽  
Giovanni Coletti ◽  
Ryan B. Ickert ◽  
Dick Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Sr Isotope ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Global Sea Level

The existing chronostratigraphic framework in NW Cyprus of two-phase, Early and Late Miocene reef and associated facies development is tested and improved using a combination of calcareous nannofossil, benthic and planktic foraminiferal, and also Sr isotope dating. Following localised Late Oligocene neritic carbonate deposition (e.g. benthic foraminiferal shoals), reefs and related facies (Terra Member) began to develop c. 24 Ma (Aquitanian) and terminated c. 16 Ma (end-Burdigalian). Early Miocene reef and marginal facies were then extensively redeposited as multiple debris-flow deposits until c. 13.7 Ma, influenced by a combination of global sea-level fall (related to growth of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet) and local- to regional-scale tectonics. Reef growth and related deposition resumed (Koronia Member) c. 9.1 Ma (Tortonian), then terminated by c. 6.1 Ma (mid-Messinian), followed by the Messinian salinity crisis. Neritic accumulation in NW Cyprus began earlier (Late Oligocene), than in southern Cyprus (Early Miocene). The Early Miocene reefs developed on a c. N-S-trending structural high in the west (Akamas Peninsula area) whereas the Late Miocene reefs developed on both flanks of the neotectonic Polis graben. The two-phase reef development is mirrored in SE Cyprus and in some other Mediterranean areas; e.g. S Turkey, Israel, Italy, S Spain.Supplementary material: GPS Locations of dated samples, the Sr isotope method and the samples examined for planktic foraminifera biostratigraphy are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5205315.

Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) in soils developed on different parent materials, in the Baoshan area, Yunnan Province, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2019-082
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Min Peng ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yuntao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Supplementary Material

The geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) was studied in rock samples from host formations, ore samples from two mineral deposits (the Hetaoping Cu-Pb-Zn mine: HTP and the Heiyanao Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn mine: HYA) and the overlying or nearby soils to better understand REE concentrations, distributions and behaviour during weathering from different parent materials at the regional scale, Baoshan area, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The mudstone and sandstone formations have highest total REE (ΣREE) contents. Chondrite-normalized diagrams for rocks and ores show significant light REEs (LREEs) enrichments and Eu depletion (except for ores in HYA). Cerium displays an obvious negative anomaly in carbonate rocks (Є-3-R, C-R, D-R, T-1-R, and T-2-R). Soils overlying carbonate rock formations (T-1-S, C-S, and Є-3-S) have the highest ΣREE contents, while soils overlying basalts have the lowest ΣREE contents. Soils show enrichments in LREEs with negative Eu anomalies and slight Ce anomalies in the studied soils. Soils with high ∑LREE/∑heavy REE (HREE) values may result from the preferential absorption of LREEs by organic matter. Negative Eu anomalies in soils occur for parent materials in the study area lacking feldspar, especially soils developed from carbonates. Compared to the parent materials, most soils show REE enrichment because alkali metals are removed and REEs are concentrated by low mobility in surficial processes and positive Ce anomalies because of weathering dissolution of other trivalent REEs with ionic radii similar to that of Ca2+.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303140

scholarly journals Hydrogen isotopes reveal evidence of migration of Miniopterus schreibersii in Europe

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. R. Wright ◽  
Jason Newton ◽  
Paolo Agnelli ◽  
Ivana Budinski ◽  
Ivy Di Salvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Assignment Tests ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Long Distance Movement ◽  
Hydrogen Isotopic Composition

Abstract Background The Schreiber’s bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, is adapted to long-distance flight, yet long distance movements have only been recorded sporadically using capture-mark-recapture. In this study, we used the hydrogen isotopic composition of 208 wing and 335 fur specimens from across the species' European range to test the hypothesis that the species migrates over long distances. Results After obtaining the hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2H) of each sample, we performed geographic assignment tests by comparing the δ2H of samples with the δ2H of sampling sites. We found that 95 bats out of 325 showed evidence of long-distance movement, based on the analysis of either fur or wing samples. The eastern European part of the species range (Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia) had the highest numbers of bats that had moved. The assignment tests also helped identify possible migratory routes, such as movement between the Alps and the Balkans. Conclusions This is the first continental-scale study to provide evidence of migratory behaviour of M. schreibersii throughout its European range. The work highlights the need for further investigation of this behaviour to provide appropriate conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the segmented post-rift stratigraphic architecture of the Guyanas continental margin

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-099
Author(s):  
Max Casson ◽  
Jason Jeremiah ◽  
Gérôme Calvès ◽  
Frédéric de Ville de Goyet ◽  
Kyle Reuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Sedimentary Architecture ◽  
Supplementary Material

Segmentation of the Guyanas continental margin of South America is inherited from the dual-phase Mesozoic rifting history controlling the first-order post-rift sedimentary architecture. The margin is divided into two segments by a transform marginal plateau (TMP), the Demerara Rise, into the Central and Equatorial Atlantic domains. This paper investigates the heterogeneities in the post-rift sedimentary systems at a mega-regional scale (>1000 km). Re-sampling seven key exploration wells and scientific boreholes provides new data (189 analysed samples) that have been used to build a high-resolution stratigraphic framework using multiple biostratigraphic techniques integrated with organic geochemistry to refine the timing of 10 key stratigraphic surfaces and three megasequences. The results have been used to calibrate the interpretation of a margin-scale two-dimensional seismic reflection dataset and build megasequence isochore maps, structural restorations and gross depositional environment maps at key time intervals of the margin evolution.Our findings revise the dating of the basal succession drilled by the A2-1 well, indicating that the oldest post-rift sequence penetrated along the margin is late Tithonian age (previously Callovian). Early Central Atlantic carbonate platform sediments passively infilled subcircular-shaped basement topography controlled by underlying basement structure of thinned continental crust. Barremian-Aptian rifting in the Equatorial Atlantic folding and thrusting the Demerara Rise resulting in major uplift, gravitational margin collapse, transpressional structures, and peneplanation of up to 1 km of sediment capped by the regional angular base Albian unconformity. Equatorial Atlantic rifting led to margin segmentation and the formation of the TMP, where two major unconformities developed during the intra Late Albian and base Cenomanian. These two unconformities are time synchronous with oceanic crust accretion offshore French Guiana and in the Demerara-Guinea transform, respectively. A marine connection between the Central and Equatorial Atlantic is demonstrated by middle Late Albian times, coinciding with deposition of the organic-rich source rock of the Canje Formation) (average TOC 4.21 %). The succession is variably truncated by the middle Campanian unconformity. Refining the stratigraphic framework within the context of the structural evolution and segmentation of the Guyanas margin impacts the understanding of key petroleum system elements.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5280490

Validity of Geochemical Signatures of Abiotic Hydrocarbon Gases on Earth

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-077
Author(s):  
X. Xia ◽  
Y. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Supplementary Material

Abiotic synthesis was hypothesized for the occurrences of hydrocarbon gases with atypical molecular and isotopic compositions. This work provides biotic interpretations on these atypical compositions: 1) microbial CH4 oxidation and CO2-sourced methanogenesis may enrich 13C in hydrothermal CH4; 2) microbial hydrocarbon generation using serpentinization-derived H2 may deplete deuterium in hydrocarbons; 3) three processes may cause isotopic reversal with the carbon number in biotic hydrocarbons: i. the decrease of kinetic isotope effect (KIE) with the increase of carbon number during alkane biodegradation, ii. inverse KIE during the thermal decomposition of higher alkanes, and iii. isotopic fractionation during gas diffusion in rock samples; 4) random scission of long alkyl chains may form the exponential distribution of alkane abundance with respect to carbon number (“Schulz-Flory distribution”); 5) isotopic compositions are often not equilibrated; even if they are, the equilibrium temperatures are not necessarily the same as the temperature of hydrocarbon generation. Case studies demonstrate that previously proposed abiotic hydrocarbon gases in continental serpentinite-hosted seepages, continental or oceanic hydrothermal vents, volcanic emissions, gas fields in volcanic reservoirs, and fluid inclusions in alkaline or granitic rocks were formed with various biotic processes. The occurrence of abiotic hydrocarbon gas with decisive evidence is limited to fluid inclusions in some mantle minerals.Supplementary material: Appendices 1 and 2 and tables S1 and S2 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5660278.

Reconstructing Terrestrial Environments Using Stable Isotopes in Fossil Teeth and Paleosol Carbonates

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 167-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Passey
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic

Carbon isotopes in Neogene-age fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates are commonly interpreted in the context of past distributions of C3 and C4 vegetation. These two plant types have very different distributions in relation to climate and ecology, and provide a robust basis for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and paleoenvironments during the Neogene. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene fossil teeth are usually interpreted in the context of changes in the δ13C value of atmospheric CO2, and variable climate-dependent carbon-isotope discrimination in C3 plants. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene soil carbonates can be used to estimate past levels of atmospheric CO2. Oxygen isotopes in fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates primarily are influenced by the oxygen isotopic compositions of ancient rainfall and surface waters. The oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall is has a complex, but tractable, relationship with climate, and variably relates to temperature, elevation, precipitation amount, and other factors. Mammal species that rely on moisture in dietary plant tissues to satisfy their water requirements (rather than surface drinking water) may have oxygen isotopic compositions that track aridity. Thus, oxygen isotopes of fossil mammals can place broad constraints on paleoaridity. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry allows for reconstruction of soil temperatures at the time of pedogenic carbonate mineralization. The method is unique because it is the only thermodynamically based isotopic paleothermometer that does not require assumptions about the isotopic composition of the fluid in which the archive mineral formed. Soil temperature reflects a complex interplay of air temperature, solar radiative heating, latent heat effects, soil thermal diffusivity, and seasonal variations of these parameters. Because plants and most animals live in and/or near the soil, soil temperature is an important aspect of terrestrial (paleo)climate.

Volcano-sedimentary processes at Las Derrumbadas rhyolitic twin domes, Serdán-Oriental basin, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-144
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud ◽  
Corentin Chédeville ◽  
Ángel Nahir Molina-Guadarrama ◽  
Julio Cesar Pineda-Serrano ◽  
Claus Siebe
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eruptive Episode ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

AbstractThe eruption of the ∼10 km3 rhyolitic Las Derrumbadas twin domes about 2000 yrs ago has generated a wide range of volcano-sedimentary deposits in the Serdán-Oriental lacustrine basin, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Some of these deposits have been quarried, creating excellent exposures. In this paper we describe the domes and related products and interpret their mode of formation, reconstructing the main phases of the eruption as well as syn-and-post eruptive erosional processes. After an initial phreatomagmatic phase that built a tuff ring, the domes grew as an upheaved plug lifting a thick sedimentary pile from the basin floor. During uplift, the domes collapsed repeatedly to form a first-generation of hetero-lithologic hummocky debris avalanche deposits. Subsequent dome growth produced a thick talus and pyroclastic density currents. Later, the hydrothermally-altered over-steepened dome peaks fell to generate 2nd generation, mono-lithologic avalanches. Subsequently, small domes grew in the collapse scars. From the end of the main eruptive episode onwards, heavy rains remobilized parts of the dome carapaces and talus, depositing lahar aprons. Las Derrumbadas domes are still an important source of sediments in the basin, and ongoing mass-wasting processes are associated with hazards that should be assessed, given their potential impact on nearby populations.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5752296

Jurassic–Cretaceous arc magmatism along the Shyok–Bangong Suture from NW Himalaya: Formation of the peri-Gondwana basement to the Ladakh Arc

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-035
Author(s):  
Wanchese M. Saktura ◽  
Solomon Buckman ◽  
Allen P. Nutman ◽  
Renjie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Nw Himalaya ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Ladakh Himalaya ◽  
Accreted Terranes ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Depositional Age

The Jurassic–Cretaceous Tsoltak Formation from the eastern borderlands of Ladakh Himalaya consists of conglomerates, sandstones and shales, and is intruded by norite sills. It is the oldest sequence of continent-derived sedimentary rocks within the Shyok Suture. It also represents a rare outcrop of the basement rocks to the voluminous Late Cretaceous–Eocene Ladakh Batholith. The Shyok Formation is a younger sequence of volcaniclastic rocks that overlie the Tsoltak Formation and record the Late Cretaceous closure of the Mesotethys Ocean. The petrogenesis of these formations, ophiolite-related harzburgites and norite sill is investigated through petrography, whole-rock geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology. The youngest detrital zircon grains from the Tsoltak Formation indicate Early Cretaceous maximum depositional age and distinctly Gondwanan, Lhasa microcontinent-related provenance with no Eurasian input. The Shyok Formation has Late Cretaceous maximum depositional age and displays a distinct change in provenance to igneous detritus characteristic of the Jurassic–Cretaceous magmatic arc along the southern margin of Eurasia. This is interpreted as a sign of collision of the Lhasa microcontinent and the Shyok ophiolite with Eurasia along the once continuous Shyok–Bangong Suture. The accreted terranes became the new southernmost margin of Eurasia and the basement to the Trans-Himalayan Batholith associated with the India-Eurasia convergence.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5633162

Geochemical evaluation of the in-situ regolith of Madengi hills of Dodoma, Tanzania. Implication on bedrock mapping and delineating gold mineralization target

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2021-074
Author(s):  
Godson Godfray
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geochemical Evaluation ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Pathfinder Elements

Successful gold exploration projects depend on a piece of clear information on the association between gold, trace elements, and mineralization controlling factors. The use of soil geochemistry has been an important tool in pinpointing exploration targets during the early stage of exploration. This study aimed to establish the gold distribution, the elemental association between gold and its pathfinder elements such as Cu, Zn, Ag, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cd, V, Cr, Ti, Sc, In, and Se and identify lithologies contributing to the overlying residual soils. From cluster analysis, a high similarity level of 53.93% has been shown with Ag, Cd, and Se at a distance level of 0.92. Au and Se have a similarity level of 65.87% and a distance level of 0.68, hence is proposed to be the most promising pathfinder element. PCA, FA, and the Pearson's correlation matrix of transformed data of V, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Co and a stronger correlation between Pb and U, Th, Na, K, Sn, Y, Ta and Be shows that source gold mineralization might be associated with both hornblende gneisses interlayered with quartzite, tonalite, and tonalitic orthogneiss. From the contour map and gridded map of Au and its pathfinder elements, it has been noted that their anomalies and target generated are localized in the Northern part of the area. The targets trend ESE to WNW nearly parallel to the shear zones as a controlling factor of Au mineralization emplacement.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5721965

First evidence for tooth-tooth occlusion in a ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-141
Author(s):  
Chang-Fu Zhou ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Jiahao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
First Record ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Ct Data

AbstractCtenochasmatid pterosaurs flourished and diversified in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Here, a partial mandible of Forfexopterus is described based on a three-dimensional reconstruction using high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) data. The first nine pairs of functional teeth of the rostral dentition revealed along with their replacements. The functional teeth are evenly arranged with a tooth density of 2.2 teeth/cm. The tooth crown is distinctly reduced from its base to the tip, and framed by two weak ridges, possibly as a pair of vestigial carinae. The replacement teeth are sharp and pointed, and have erupted slightly against the medial surface of the functional teeth. Surprisingly, tooth wear is observed in this specimen, the first record of tooth-tooth occlusion in ctenochasmatids. The wear facets exhibit high-angled lingual and lower-angled labial facets, implying a tooth-tooth occlusion in pterosaur clade. This discovery indicates that the Jehol ctenochasmatids possibly employed a more active feeding strategy than other filter-feeding pterosaurs (e.g. Ctenochasma, Pterodaustro, Gnathosaurus).Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5722060

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