Overview of Quantum Technologies, Standards, and their Applications in Mobile Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Brian Cornet ◽  
Hua Fang ◽  
Honggang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
Technology Standards ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Quantum Internet

In this paper, we summarize the quantum mechanics that define quantum technologies (quantum states, superposition, entanglement, and decoherence), introduce modern quantum technologies and their broader applications (quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum internet, and quantum error correction), examine the state quantum technology standards, and discuss how quantum technologies relate to the mobile world. For decades, methods for quantum technologies have been theorized or proven mathematically. Real implementations of these methods exist in modern devices such as lasers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. However, the precise manipulation of quantum particles - the fundamentally probabilistic building blocks of our world - is still in its relative infancy, with technologies that depend on manipulation being usable but limited in either function or adoption.

scholarly journals Elucidating reaction mechanisms on quantum computers

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (29) ◽  
pp. 7555-7560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Reiher ◽  
Nathan Wiebe ◽  
Krysta M. Svore ◽  
Dave Wecker ◽  
Matthias Troyer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Small Quantum ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
Classical Computer ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

With rapid recent advances in quantum technology, we are close to the threshold of quantum devices whose computational powers can exceed those of classical supercomputers. Here, we show that a quantum computer can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms in complex chemical systems, using the open problem of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase as an example. We discuss how quantum computers can augment classical computer simulations used to probe these reaction mechanisms, to significantly increase their accuracy and enable hitherto intractable simulations. Our resource estimates show that, even when taking into account the substantial overhead of quantum error correction, and the need to compile into discrete gate sets, the necessary computations can be performed in reasonable time on small quantum computers. Our results demonstrate that quantum computers will be able to tackle important problems in chemistry without requiring exorbitant resources.

scholarly journals A Silicon Surface Code Architecture Resilient Against Leakage Errors

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Cai ◽  
Michael A. Fogarty ◽  
Simon Schaal ◽  
Sofia Patomäki ◽  
Simon C. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Codes ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Spin Qubits ◽  
Surface Code ◽  
Quantum Error

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are one of the most promising building blocks for large scale quantum computers thanks to their high qubit density and compatibility with the existing semiconductor technologies. High fidelity single-qubit gates exceeding the threshold of error correction codes like the surface code have been demonstrated, while two-qubit gates have reached 98% fidelity and are improving rapidly. However, there are other types of error --- such as charge leakage and propagation --- that may occur in quantum dot arrays and which cannot be corrected by quantum error correction codes, making them potentially damaging even when their probability is small. We propose a surface code architecture for silicon quantum dot spin qubits that is robust against leakage errors by incorporating multi-electron mediator dots. Charge leakage in the qubit dots is transferred to the mediator dots via charge relaxation processes and then removed using charge reservoirs attached to the mediators. A stabiliser-check cycle, optimised for our hardware, then removes the correlations between the residual physical errors. Through simulations we obtain the surface code threshold for the charge leakage errors and show that in our architecture the damage due to charge leakage errors is reduced to a similar level to that of the usual depolarising gate noise. Spin leakage errors in our architecture are constrained to only ancilla qubits and can be removed during quantum error correction via reinitialisations of ancillae, which ensure the robustness of our architecture against spin leakage as well. Our use of an elongated mediator dots creates spaces throughout the quantum dot array for charge reservoirs, measuring devices and control gates, providing the scalability in the design.

GENERAL CIRCUITS FOR INDIRECTING AND DISTRIBUTING MEASUREMENT IN QUANTUM COMPUTATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GUPTA ◽  
A. PATHAK ◽  
R. SRIKANTH ◽  
K. PANIGRAHI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Communication Complexity ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
State Discrimination ◽  
Quantum Communication Complexity ◽  
General Circuits ◽  
Quantum Error

A question of theoretical and practical interest is how a quantum system may be measured indirectly by means of an ancilla that interacts with it, and furthermore, how a system of ancillas may be used to implement a coherent measurement of spatially separated qudits. We provide general circuits that can be used to implement such measurements. These circuits are relevant to quantum error correction, measurement-based quantum computation and Bell state discrimination across a quantum network involving multiple parties. The last mentioned problem is treated in detail. Our circuitry can also help to optimize the quantum communication complexity for performing measurements in distributed quantum computing.

Quantum Communication With Polarization-Encoded Qubit Using Quantum Error Correction

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barbosa de Brito ◽  
JosÉ ClÁudio do Nascimento ◽  
Rubens Viana Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
Quantum Error

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF MIXED STATE QUANTUM COMPUTATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GAWRON ◽  
J. A. MISZCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantum Error Correction ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Error Correction Codes ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Partial Trace ◽  
Shor's Algorithm ◽  
Partial Transpose ◽  
Quantum Error

We describe the [Formula: see text] package of functions useful for simulations of quantum algorithms and protocols. The presented package allows one to perform simulations with mixed states. We present numerical implementation of important quantum mechanical operations — partial trace and partial transpose. Those operations are used as building blocks of algorithms for analysis of entanglement and quantum error correction codes. A simulation of Shor's algorithm is presented as an example of package capabilities.

Top-Ten Tips for Imaging the Brachial Plexus with Ultrasound and MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Griffith ◽  
Radhesh Krishna Lalam
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Muscle Denervation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neural Injury ◽  
Clinical Indications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Level ◽  
Extensive Involvement

AbstractWhen it comes to examining the brachial plexus, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complementary investigations. US is well placed for screening most extraforaminal pathologies, whereas MRI is more sensitive and accurate for specific clinical indications. For example, MRI is probably the preferred technique for assessment of trauma because it enables a thorough evaluation of both the intraspinal and extraspinal elements, although US can depict extraforaminal neural injury with a high level of accuracy. Conversely, US is probably the preferred technique for examination of neurologic amyotrophy because a more extensive involvement beyond the brachial plexus is the norm, although MRI is more sensitive than US for evaluating muscle denervation associated with this entity. With this synergy in mind, this review highlights the tips for examining the brachial plexus with US and MRI.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to Determine the 3D Geometry in the Human Rectum

Endoscopy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
BP McMahon ◽  
JB Frøkjær ◽  
A Bergmann ◽  
DH Liao ◽  
E Steffensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Human Rectum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri
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