The Roles of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Modulating Intestinal Uptake of Dietary Fat

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa S. Zembroski ◽  
Changting Xiao ◽  
Kimberly K. Buhman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Dietary Fat Absorption

Dietary fat absorption is required for health but also contributes to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disease when dysregulated. One step in the process of dietary fat absorption is the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in small intestinal enterocytes; these CLDs serve as dynamic triacylglycerol storage organelles that influence the rate at which dietary fat is absorbed. Recent studies have uncovered novel factors regulating enterocyte CLD metabolism that in turn influence the absorption of dietary fat. These include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation, compartmentalization of different lipid pools, the gut microbiome, liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor activation, obesity, and physiological factors stimulating CLD mobilization. Understanding how enterocyte CLD metabolism is regulated is key in modulating the absorption of dietary fat in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and its associated metabolic disorders. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Diverse Ligands and Functions: An Exposome Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Larigot ◽  
Louise Benoit ◽  
Meriem Koual ◽  
Céline Tomkiewicz ◽  
Robert Barouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Cancer Pathways ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcriptional factor that regulates multiple functions following its activation by a variety of ligands, including xenobiotics, natural products, microbiome metabolites, and endogenous molecules. Because of this diversity, the AhR constitutes an exposome receptor. One of its main functions is to regulate several lines of defense against chemical insults and bacterial infections. Indeed, in addition to its well-established detoxication function, it has several functions at physiological barriers, and it plays a critical role in immunomodulation. The AhR is also involved in the development of several organs and their homeostatic maintenance. Its activity depends on the type of ligand and on the time frame of the receptor activation, which can be either sustained or transient, leading in some cases to opposite modes of regulations as illustrated in the regulation of different cancer pathways. The development of selective modulators and their pharmacological characterization are important areas of research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The intestinal fatty acid binding protein is not essential for dietary fat absorption in mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 2040-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya Vassileva ◽  
Leslie Huwyler ◽  
Kevin Poirier ◽  
Luis B. Agellon ◽  
Matthew J. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Dietary Fat Absorption

scholarly journals Effect of Paraplegia on the Time Course of Exogenous Fatty Acid Incorporation Into the Plasma Triacylglycerol Pool in the Postprandial State

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. McMillan ◽  
Gregory C. Henderson ◽  
Mark S. Nash ◽  
Kevin A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Dietary Fat Absorption

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in disordered fat metabolism. Autonomic decentralization might contribute to dyslipidemia in SCI, in part by influencing the uptake of dietary fats through the gut-lymph complex. However, the neurogenic contributions to dietary fat metabolism are unknown in this population. We present a subset of results from an ongoing registered clinical trial (NCT03691532) related to dietary fat absorption. We fed a standardized (20 kcal⋅kgFFM–1) liquid meal tolerance test (50% carb, 35% fat, and 15% protein) that contained stable isotope lipid tracer (5 mg⋅kgFFM–1 [U-13C]palmitate) to persons with and without motor complete thoracic SCI. Blood samples were collected at six postprandial time points over 400 min. Changes in dietary fatty acid incorporated into the triacylglycerol (TAG) pool (“exogenous TAG”) were used as a marker of dietary fat absorption. This biomarker showed that those with paraplegia had a lower amplitude than non-injured participants at Post240 (52.4 ± 11.0 vs. 77.5 ± 16.0 μM), although this failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.328). However, group differences in the time course of absorption were notable. The injury level was also strongly correlated with time-to-peak exogenous TAG concentration (r = −0.806, p = 0.012), with higher injuries resulting in a slower rise in exogenous TAG. This time course documenting exogenous TAG change is the first to show a potential neurogenic alteration in SCI dietary fat absorption.

132-OR: Peripheral Serotonin Regulates Dietary Fat Absorption and Intestinal Chylomicron Production

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 132-OR
Author(s):  
FITORE RAKA ◽  
KHOSROW ADELI
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fat Absorption
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