A muscle precursor cell-dependent pathway contributes to muscle growth after atrophy

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. C1706-C1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O. Mitchell ◽  
Grace K. Pavlath
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cell

Slow-twitch skeletal muscle atrophies greatly in response to unloading conditions. The cellular mechanisms that contribute to the restoration of muscle mass after atrophy are largely unknown. Here, we show that atrophy of the mouse soleus is associated with a 36% decrease in myonuclear number after 2 wk of hindlimb suspension. Myonuclear number is restored to control values during the 2-wk recovery period in which muscle mass returns to normal, suggesting that muscle precursor cells proliferate and fuse with myofibers. Inhibition of muscle precursor cell proliferation by local γ-irradiation of the hindlimb completely prevents this increase in myonuclear number. Muscle growth occurs normally during the first week in irradiated muscles, but growth during the second week is inhibited, leading to a 50% attenuation in the restoration of muscle mass. Thus early muscle growth occurs independently of an increase in myonuclear number, whereas later growth requires proliferating muscle precursor cells leading to myonuclear accretion. These results suggest that increasing the proliferative capacity of muscle precursor cells may enhance restoration of muscle mass after atrophy.

EphA4/ephrin-A5 interactions in muscle precursor cell migration in the avian forelimb

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (23) ◽  
pp. 4669-4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Swartz ◽  
Johann Eberhart ◽  
Elena B. Pasquale ◽  
Catherine E. Krull
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
In Ovo Electroporation ◽  
Lateral Portion ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cell

Limb muscles derive from muscle precursor cells that lie initially in the lateral portion of the somitic dermomyotome and subsequently migrate to their target limb regions, where muscle-specific gene transcription is initiated. Although several molecules that control the generation and delamination of muscle precursor cells have been identified, little is known about the mechanisms that guide muscle precursor cell migration in the limb. We have examined the distribution of members of the Eph family during muscle precursor cell development. The EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, ephrin-A5, are expressed by muscle precursor cells and forelimb mesoderm in unique spatiotemporal patterns during the period when muscle precursors delaminate from the dermomyotome and migrate into the limb. To test the function of EphA4/ephrin-A5 interactions in muscle precursor migration, we used targeted in ovo electroporation to express ephrin-A5 ectopically specifically in the presumptive limb mesoderm. In the presence of ectopic ephrin-A5, Pax7-positive muscle precursor cells are significantly reduced in number in the proximal limb, compared with controls, and congregate abnormally near the lateral dermomyotome. In stripe assays, isolated muscle precursor cells avoid substrate-bound ephrin-A5 and this avoidance is abolished by addition of soluble ephrin-A5. These data suggest that ephrin-A5 normally restricts migrating, EphA4-positive muscle precursor cells to their appropriate territories in the forelimb, disallowing entry into abnormal embryonic regions.

Skeletal muscle atrophy leads to loss and dysfunction of muscle precursor cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. C1753-C1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O. Mitchell ◽  
Grace K. Pavlath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Nuclear Number ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

Atrophy of skeletal muscle leads to decreases in myofiber size and nuclear number; however, the effects of atrophic conditions on muscle precursor cells (MPC) are largely unknown. MPC lie outside myofibers and represent the main source of additional myonuclei necessary for muscle growth and repair. In the present study, we examined the properties of MPC after hindlimb suspension (HS)-induced atrophy and subsequent recovery of the mouse hindlimb muscles. We demonstrated that the number of MPC in atrophied muscles was decreased. RT-PCR analysis of cells isolated from atrophied muscles indicated that several mRNA characteristic of the myogenic program in MPC were absent. Cells isolated from atrophied muscles failed to properly proliferate and undergo differentiation into multinucleated myotubes. Thus atrophy led to a decrease in MPC and caused dysfunction in those MPC that remained. Upon regrowth of the atrophied muscles, these deleterious effects were reversed. Our data suggest that preventing loss or dysfunction of MPC may be a new pharmacological target during muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals BRAF activates PAX3 to control muscle precursor cell migration during forelimb muscle development

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Shin ◽  
Shuichi Watanabe ◽  
Soraya Hoelper ◽  
Marcus Krüger ◽  
Sawa Kostin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Myoblast Cell ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cell

Migration of skeletal muscle precursor cells is a key step during limb muscle development and depends on the activity of PAX3 and MET. Here, we demonstrate that BRAF serves a crucial function in formation of limb skeletal muscles during mouse embryogenesis downstream of MET and acts as a potent inducer of myoblast cell migration. We found that a fraction of BRAF accumulates in the nucleus after activation and endosomal transport to a perinuclear position. Mass spectrometry based screening for potential interaction partners revealed that BRAF interacts and phosphorylates PAX3. Mutation of BRAF dependent phosphorylation sites in PAX3 impaired the ability of PAX3 to promote migration of C2C12 myoblasts indicating that BRAF directly activates PAX3. Since PAX3 stimulates transcription of the Met gene we propose that MET signaling via BRAF fuels a positive feedback loop, which maintains high levels of PAX3 and MET activity required for limb muscle precursor cell migration.

506: Restoration of Innervated Urinary Sphincter Function Using Muscle Precursor Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Rene Yiou ◽  
James J. Yoo ◽  
Anthony Atala
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Sphincter Function ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Urinary Sphincter ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

The COX-2 pathway regulates growth of atrophied muscle via multiple mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. C1651-C1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda A. Bondesen ◽  
Stephen T. Mills ◽  
Grace K. Pavlath
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

Loss of muscle mass occurs with disease, injury, aging, and inactivity. Restoration of normal muscle mass depends on myofiber growth, the regulation of which is incompletely understood. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is one of two isoforms of COX that catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins, paracrine hormones that regulate diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. Previously, we demonstrated that the COX-2 pathway regulates early stages of myofiber growth during muscle regeneration. However, whether the COX-2 pathway plays a common role in adult myofiber growth or functions specifically during muscle regeneration is unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of COX-2 during myofiber growth following atrophy in mice. Muscle atrophy was induced by hindlimb suspension (HS) for 2 wk, followed by a reloading period, during which mice were treated with either the COX-2-selective inhibitor SC-236 (6 mg·kg−1·day−1) or vehicle. COX-2 protein was expressed and SC-236 attenuated myofiber growth during reloading in both soleus and plantaris muscles. Attenuated myofiber growth in the soleus was associated with both decreased myonuclear addition and decreased inflammation, whereas neither of these processes mediated the effects of SC-236 on plantaris growth. In addition, COX-2−/− satellite cells exhibited impaired activation/proliferation in vitro, suggesting direct regulation of muscle cell activity by COX-2. Together, these data suggest that the COX-2 pathway plays a common regulatory role during various types of muscle growth via multiple mechanisms.

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor 2-stimulated proliferation is lower in muscle precursor cells from old rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth S. Jump ◽  
Tom E. Childs ◽  
Kevin A. Zwetsloot ◽  
Frank W. Booth ◽  
Simon J. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

scholarly journals Regulation and Function of SF/HGF during Migration of Limb Muscle Precursor Cells in Chicken

1996 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Heymann ◽  
Maria Koudrova ◽  
H.-H. Arnold ◽  
Markus Köster ◽  
Thomas Braun
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

A role for inflammatory mediators in the modulation of the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR on human muscle precursor cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 243 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Colombo ◽  
Stefania Romaggi ◽  
Marina Mora ◽  
Lucia Morandi ◽  
Cinthia Farina
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

An evaluation of cell separation techniques in a model mixed cell population

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-798
Author(s):  
S.J. Murphy ◽  
D.J. Watt ◽  
G.E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Muscle Precursor ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells

Muscle precursor cells may act not only as a means of inserting normal genes into diseased muscle fibres, in order to correct or alleviate a genetically inherited myopathy, but recent demonstrations have shown they may prove an invaluable tool for the expression of, and systemic dissemination of, non-muscle gene products. If muscle precursor cells are proved to act as such widespread vectors in terms of gene therapy, then it is imperative that methods are properly elucidated to produce large populations of pure viable myogenic cells for such purposes. In the past, many methods of cell separation have been investigated but carry with them the problems of either a lack of myogenic purity of the population or poor percentage recovery of the original cell population. In the present work we have investigated two methods for segregating myogenic from non-myogenic cells and have critically reviewed the efficiency of separation of the two techniques used. To obtain a quantitative measure of separation efficiency, segregation was carried out on a 1:1 mixture of murine C2 myogenic and murine 3T3 fibroblastic cells. To distinguish between C2 and 3T3 cells, the latter were prelabelled with the fluorescent strain carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimyl ester (CFSE). Once incorporated into the cell, CFSE remains there, thus preventing transfer of the label to C2 cells. Both methods of separation used depend on the affinity of myogenic cells for the monoclonal antibody Mab H28, which specifically binds to the mouse neuronal cell adhesion molecule N-CAM, but differ in that one method, “panning”, completes segregation by adherence of N-CAM positive cells to a dish precoated with secondary IgG antibody whereas in the other separation proceeds by the use of commercially available IgG-coated magnetic beads. Results indicate magnetic bead separation to be more efficient than panning if the beads are precoated with 0.1% gelatin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document