scholarly journals Impact of prolonged leucine supplementation on protein synthesis and lean growth in neonatal pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (6) ◽  
pp. E601-E610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Columbus ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner ◽  
Agus Suryawan ◽  
Hanh V. Nguyen ◽  
Adriana Hernandez-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Lean Growth

Most low-birth weight infants experience extrauterine growth failure due to reduced nutrient intake as a result of feeding intolerance. The objective of this study was to determine whether prolonged enteral leucine supplementation improves lean growth in neonatal pigs fed a restricted protein diet. Neonatal pigs ( n = 14–16/diet, 5 days old, 1.8 ± 0.3 kg) were fed by gastric catheter a whey-based milk replacement diet with either a high protein (HP) or restricted protein (RP) content or RP supplemented with leucine to the same level as in the HP diet (RPL). Pigs were fed 40 ml·kg body wt−1·meal−1 every 4 h for 21 days. Feeding the HP diet resulted in greater total body weight and lean body mass compared with RP-fed pigs ( P < 0.05). Masses of the longissimus dorsi muscle, heart, and kidneys were greater in the HP- than RP-fed pigs ( P < 0.05). Body weight, lean body mass, and masses of the longissimus dorsi, heart, and kidneys in pigs fed the RPL diet were intermediate to RP- and HP-fed pigs. Protein synthesis and mTOR signaling were increased in all muscles with feeding ( P < 0.05); leucine supplementation increased mTOR signaling and protein synthesis rate in the longissimus dorsi ( P < 0.05). There was no effect of diet on indices of protein degradation signaling in any tissue ( P > 0.05). Thus, when protein intake is chronically restricted, the capacity for leucine supplementation to enhance muscle protein accretion in neonatal pigs that are meal-fed milk protein-based diets is limited.

Myofibrillar protein synthesis in young and old men

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. E693-E698 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Welle ◽  
C. Thornton ◽  
R. Jozefowicz ◽  
M. Statt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis

We tested the hypothesis that healthy older men (> 60 yr old) have a slower rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis than young men (< 35 yr old). Myofibrillar protein synthesis was determined by the in vivo incorporation of L-[1-13C]leucine into myofibrillar proteins obtained by muscle biopsy. Subjects were eight young (21-31 yr) and eight older (62-81 yr) men, all healthy and moderately active. There was no significant difference in the mean height and weight of the two age groups, but the older group had 12% less lean body mass (determined by 40K counting) and 21% less muscle mass (estimated by urinary creatinine excretion). Upper leg strength was approximately one-third lower in the older subjects according to isokinetic dynamometry. The fractional rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis was 28% slower in the older group (0.039 +/- 0.009 vs. 0.054 +/- 0.010 %/h, mean +/- SD, P < 0.01). Total myofibrillar protein synthesis, estimated as total myofibrillar mass (from creatinine excretion) times the fractional synthesis rate, was 44% slower in the older group (1.4 vs. 2.5 g/h, P < 0.001). Whole body protein synthesis, assessed as the difference between leucine disappearance rate and leucine oxidation, was marginally slower (8%, P = 0.10) in the older group, but not when the data were adjusted for lean body mass. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was a smaller fraction of whole body protein synthesis in the older group (12 vs. 19%). Reduced myofibrillar protein synthesis may be an important mechanism of the muscle atrophy associated with aging.

scholarly journals Chronic leucine supplementation of a low protein diet increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs through mTOR signaling

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Suryawan ◽  
Roberto Murgas Torrazza ◽  
Hanh V. Nguyen ◽  
Rosemarie D. Almonaci ◽  
María C. Gazzaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Lysine and Threonine Restriction Reproduced the Lower Synthesis but Not the Higher Catabolism of Liver and Muscle Protein of Severely Protein Restricted Growing Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 519-519
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Roisné-Hamelin ◽  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Nicolas Delahaye ◽  
Juliane Calvez ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Growing Rats

Abstract Objectives The availability of indispensable amino acids (IAA) modulates protein turnover. More particularly AAI deficiency reduces protein synthesis while the consequence on proteolysis remains unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the specific response of both protein synthesis and proteolysis to a diet restricted on one strictly indispensable IAA, either lysine or threonine Methods Sixty-four growing rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 8/group). They were fed for 3 weeks isocaloric diets composed with different levels of lysine or threonine (L or T), 15, 25, 40, 60, 75, 100 or 170% of the theoretical lysine/threonine requirements. At the end of the experiment, rats were injected with valine13C and tissues and biological fluids were collected for gene expression measurement and blood amino acids (AA). Protein synthesis rate (Fractional and Absolute rate synthesis, ie FSR, ASR) were determined in liver and muscle. Statistical analysis was done by 1- or 2-factor ANOVA, when data were repeated. Results Severe (L/T15, L/T25) and moderate (T40) lysine or threonine deficiency resulted in a decrease in body weight gain due to a decrease in lean body mass. Severe restriction (L15, T15, T25) decreased the muscle FSR whereas no effect was observed in the liver. When the rate of protein synthesis was expressed per tissue, the ASR was decreased by severe restriction of lysine and threonine in liver and muscle and by moderate threonine deficiency (T40, T60, T75) in muscle. In liver, no effect of lysine and threonine on proteolysis was observed. In muscle, only severe lysine (L15) deficiency increased proteolysis. Dietary lysine deficiency induced a decrease in lysine concentration in the portal vein and in the vena cava whereas for threonine deficiency, all AAIs except threonine were decreased in the portal vein and vena cava. Conclusions These results indicate that the decreased protein synthesis is the primary mechanism involved in decreased lean body mass in response to the severe deficiency in a single AAI. Deficiency of a single AAI reproduce the effect of the low protein diet on protein synthesis. Lysine and threonine deficiency differently affect for a part protein turnover probably in relation with the tissue where they are metabolized. Funding Sources This study was funded by the doctoral school ABIES and AlimH-INRAE department.

scholarly journals Topiramate administration decreases body weight and preserves lean body mass in hemicranic women

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e148-e151
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Sabato ◽  
Pamela Fiaschetti ◽  
Carlina V. Albanese ◽  
Roberto Passariello ◽  
Filippo Rossi Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

A Simple Test for the Assessment of Aerobic Fitness

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
D. J. Smith ◽  
R. J. Pethybridge ◽  
A Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

SummaryThe relationship between physical fitness, anthropometric measures, and the scores in three submaximal step tests have been evaluated in a group of 30 male subjects. Physical fitness was assessed as VO2max measured directly during uphill treadmill running. Each submaximal exercise test was of six minutes duration and the heart rate recorded during the last minute (fH6) constituted the test score. Significant negative correlation coefficients were found between VO2max and each test score while lean body mass, gross body weight and body surface area were allpositively correlated with VO2max (1/min). The score in the least severe step test was included with anthropometric measures in multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of VO2max and a number of prediction equations were derived. It was found that when lean body mass is calculated from skinfold measurements and weight, VO2max can be calculated from the equation:VO2max(1/min) = 1.470 + 0.0614 × Lean Body mass −0.0131 × fH6This equation accounts for 73% of the total variation of VO2max. If lean body mass cannot be calculated, a combination of gross body weight and age plus fH6 gives the equation:VO2max = 3.614 + 0.0349 × Weight – 0.0177 × fH6−0.0161 × Ageaccounting for 66% of the variance. The test has the following advantages over those currently employed:It is simple to administer requiring 6 minutes of stepping onto a 32 cm platform—the height of a gymnasium bench—20 times per minute.Although ideally an assessment oflean body mass is required, gross body weight plus age is a good second best.It is submaximal, minimising the stress on the individual (mean heart rate achieved 121 beats per minute).Its accuracy in terms of its ability to predict maximal aerobic power is better than either the Ohio or Harvard University tests.It is suggested that this test could be used where maximal testing is contraindicated or where currently used tests are insufficiently accurate.

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Visceral Tissues of Neonatal Pigs after a Meal

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Gazzaneo ◽  
Agus Suryawan ◽  
Renán A. Orellana ◽  
Roberto Murgas Torrazza ◽  
Hanh V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Neonatal Pigs

Changes in the aerobic capacity and body composition in obese boys after reduction

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 934-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŠtĚpánka Šprynarová ◽  
Jana Pařízková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship

Seven obese boys submitted themselves to a 7-week regimen of dietary restriction and regular exercise. Measurements were made at the beginning and end of the period. A significant drop in body weight was achieved by reduction of adipose tissue and also of lean body mass (LBM). The ratio of LBM to body weight increased. These changes were associated with significant drop of maximum oxygen consumption. The increase of the Vo2 max per kilogram of body weight and the drop of the Vo2 max per kilogram of LBM were not significant. Between the decrease of LBM and the drop of Vo2 max there exists a significant negative relationship; and between the decrease of LBM and the rise of the Vo2 max per kilogram of body weight, a significant positive relationship. The decrease of Vo2 max in these boys was not considered due to deteriorated circulatory or respiratory function but to changes in body composition. maximum O2 consumption; body weight reduction; lean body mass Submitted on February 17, 1964

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