Effect of phenoxybenzamine on development of adipose tissue in lean and obese Zucker rats

Young male Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) rats were fed the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine as a dietary admixture for 35 days. In lean and obese rats, phenoxybenzamine treatment decreased significantly body weight gain, food consumption, grams of carcass fat, and grams of carcass protein. Lean rats exhibited reduced fat cell size and number in retroperitoneal, epididymal, and inguinal fat depots. Obese rats treated with phenoxybenzamine exhibited significantly decreased numbers of fat cells in the retroperitoneal, epididymal, and inguinal fat depots and a small decreased cell size in the inguinal fat depot only. The levels of carcass fat and protein and fat cell number in obese and lean rats treated with phenoxybenzamine for 35 days were similar to pretreatment values in agreement with the lack of body weight gain. Although values in agreement with the lack of body weight gain. Although rats exhibited marked decreases in fat accumulation during phenoxybenzamine treatment, fat cell size and number returned to control values during the posttreatment period with a marked hyperplasia occurring particularly in the retroperitoneal fat depot of obese rats. Serum levels of insulin were suppressed and free fatty acid levels increased in obese rats during phenoxybenzamine treatment, suggesting a stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system. This study shows that despite severe restrictions in fat cell proliferation during the rapid-growth phase of the obese Zucker rat, the mechanisms for cellular proliferation and fat deposition remain intact.

Download Full-text

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.1.e72 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (1) ◽

pp. E72-E78 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. R. Greenwood ◽

M. P. Cleary ◽

R. Gruen ◽

D. Blase ◽

J. S. Stern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Cell Size ◽

Treatment Period ◽

Body Fat ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Female Rats ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Fat Cell Size ◽

Obese Rats

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

Download Full-text

Ginkgo bilobaExtract Improves Insulin Signaling and Attenuates Inflammation in Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue Depot of Obese Rats

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/419106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata ◽

Renata Mancini Banin ◽

Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas ◽

Iracema Senna de Andrade ◽

Juliane Costa Silva Zemdegs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Akt Phosphorylation ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Fat Depot

Due to the high incidence and severity of obesity and its related disorders, it is highly desirable to develop new strategies to treat or even to prevent its development. We have previously described thatGinkgo bilobaextract (GbE) improved insulin resistance and reduced body weight gain of obese rats. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of GbE on both inflammatory cascade and insulin signaling in retroperitoneal fat depot of diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed with high fat diet for 2 months and thereafter treated for 14 days with 500 mg/kg of GbE. Rats were then euthanized and samples from retroperitoneal fat depot were used for western blotting, RT-PCR, and ELISA experiments. The GbE treatment promoted a significant reduction on both food/energy intake and body weight gain in comparison to the nontreated obese rats. In addition, a significant increase of both Adipo R1 and IL-10 gene expressions and IR and Akt phosphorylation was also observed, while NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and TNF-αlevels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that GbE might have potential as a therapy to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases, with special interest to treat obese subjects resistant to adhere to a nutritional education program.

Download Full-text

Subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation affects body weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese male Zucker (fa/fa) rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00736.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (4) ◽

pp. R1027-R1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Bettina Ferrari ◽

Myrtha Arnold ◽

Richard D. Carr ◽

Wolfgang Langhans ◽

Giovanni Pacini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Food Intake ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Obese Rats

We investigated the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) on food intake, body weight gain, and metabolism in obese ( fa/ fa) and lean ( Fa/?) Zucker rats. Before and after recovery from surgery, food intake and body weight gain were recorded, and plasma glucose and insulin were measured in tail-prick blood samples. After implantation of a jugular vein catheter, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, followed by minimal modeling to estimate the insulin sensitivity index. Food intake relative to metabolic body weight (g/kg0.75) and daily body weight gain after surgery were lower ( P < 0.05) in SDA than in sham obese but not lean rats. Before surgery, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05) in lean than in obese rats but did not differ between surgical groups within both genotypes. Four weeks after surgery, plasma glucose and insulin were still similar in SDA and sham lean rats but lower ( P < 0.05) in SDA than in sham obese rats. IVGTT revealed a downward shift of the plasma insulin profile by SDA in obese but not lean rats, whereas the plasma glucose profile was unaffected. SDA decreased ( P < 0.05) area under the curve for insulin but not glucose in obese rats. The insulin sensitivity index was higher in lean than in obese rats but was not affected by SDA in both genotypes. These results suggest that elimination of vagal afferent signals from the upper gut reduces food intake and body weight gain without affecting the insulin sensitivity index measured by minimal modeling in obese Zucker rats.

Download Full-text