Muscle and whole body metabolism after norepinephrine

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E877-E884 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kurpad ◽  
K. Khan ◽  
A. G. Calder ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Triglyceride Fatty Acid

The effect of an infusion of norepinephrine (0.42 nmol.kg-1.min-1) on energy metabolism in the whole body (using indirect calorimetry and the arteriovenous forearm catheterization techniques in eight healthy young male adults. The activity of the triglyceride-fatty acid cycle, which mainly operates in nonmuscular tissues, was also assessed by measuring glycerol turnover using [2H5]glycerol (to indicate lipolysis) and indirect calorimetry (to indicate net fat oxidation). Norepinephrine increased whole body oxygen consumption by almost 10% (P < 0.01), but the estimated oxygen consumption of muscles tended to decrease. Muscle blood flow (measured by 133Xe) and forearm blood flow (measured by strain-gauge plethysmography) were not significantly affected by norepinephrine, but the rate of uptake of nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased severalfold (P < 0.05), whereas that of glucose did not. The activity of the triglyceride-fatty acid cycle increased fourfold after norepinephrine administration, having a marginal effect on resting energy expenditure (approximately 1.5%) but accounting for approximately 15% of the increase in whole body energy expenditure. This study provides no evidence that skeletal muscle is an important site for norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis and suggests that an increase in the activity of the triglyceride-fatty acid cycle contributes to the norepinephrine-induced increase in energy expenditure of nonmuscular tissues.

Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenaline infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. O. Miaron ◽  
R. J. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
External Iliac Artery ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers

Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and selective β-blockers (metoprolol a β1-blocker and ICI 118551 a β2-blocker) were used to investigate the β-adrenoceptor-mediated adrenaline-induced increase in whole-body and organ VO2 in five whether sheep. Transit time blood flow probes were chronically implanted on the portal vein and the external iliac artery and sampling catheters were placed in the mesenteric artery, iliac vein and portal vein. Oxygen consumption by the whole body was measured by open circuit calorimetry, and oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera and the hindquarter was determined from A-VO2 differences and organ blood flow. Absolute pre-infusion VO2 values for the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarters were 236 ± 7.4, 61 ± 6.0 and 13 ± 3.1 mL min−1 respectively. The mean changes in VO2 in response to infusion were 74 vs. 11, 26, 10 and 12 mL min−1 (SE = 9.1) for whole body; 31 vs. −2, −15, 13 and −4 mL min−1 (SE = 7.3) for portal-drained viscera and 8 vs. −0.4, 2.1, 1.0 and −2.7 mL min−1; SE = 4.3) for hindquarters during adrenaline, control, propranolol, metoprolol and ICI 118551 treatments, respectively. Adrenaline increased VO2 (P < 0.05) in the whole body and portal-drained viscera, but not hindquarters relative to controls. All β-blockers suppressed (P < 0.05) the adrenaline-induced increase in VO2 except for the portal-drained viscera where metoprolol was less effective and the hindquarters where β-blockers had no effect. The blood flow pattern was similar to VO2 responses for the portal-drained viscera. The nonselective β1 and β2 blockers were effective in reducing the adrenaline-induced increases in blood flow from the portal-drained viscera and to the hindquarters, with more pronounced β-adrenoceptor-mediated haemodynamic effects. The results indicate that the β-adrenoceptor system modulates whole body VO2, clearly establishes that adrenaline induces an increased VO2 in portal-drained viscera which can be reversed by a β2 or nonselective β blocker and implicates β adrenoceptors as an influencing factor in the maintenance energy requirements of ruminants. Key words: Calorimetry, adrenaline, β blockers, blood flow, sheep

scholarly journals Alterations of the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle contribute to the development of insulin resistance.

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Marie Croniger ◽  
Chang‐Wen Hsieh ◽  
David DeSantis ◽  
Aga Gornicka ◽  
Carrie Millward
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Triglyceride Fatty Acid

Percent relative cumulative frequency analysis in indirect calorimetry: application to studies of transgenic mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Riachi ◽  
Jean Himms-Hagen ◽  
Mary-Ellen Harper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deficient Mice

Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in research and clinical settings to assess characteristics of energy expenditure. Respiration chambers in indirect calorimetry allow measurements over long periods of time (e.g., hours to days) and thus the collection of large sets of data. Current methods of data analysis usually involve the extraction of only a selected small proportion of data, most commonly the data that reflects resting metabolic rate. Here, we describe a simple quantitative approach for the analysis of large data sets that is capable of detecting small differences in energy metabolism. We refer to it as the percent relative cumulative frequency (PRCF) approach and have applied it to the study of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) deficient and control mice. The approach involves sorting data in ascending order, calculating their cumulative frequency, and expressing the frequencies in the form of percentile curves. Results demonstrate the sensitivity of the PRCF approach for analyses of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]02) as well as respiratory exchange ratio data. Statistical comparisons of PRCF curves are based on the 50th percentile values and curve slopes (H values). The application of the PRCF approach revealed that energy expenditure in UCP1-deficient mice housed and studied at room temperature (24 °C) is on average 10% lower (p < 0.0001) than in littermate controls. The gradual acclimation of mice to 12 °C caused a near-doubling of [Formula: see text] in both UCP1-deficient and control mice. At this lower environmental temperature, there were no differences in [Formula: see text] between groups. The latter is likely due to augmented shivering thermogenesis in UCP1-deficient mice compared with controls. With the increased availability of murine models of metabolic disease, indirect calorimetry is increasingly used, and the PRCF approach provides a novel and powerful means for data analysis.Key words: thermogenesis, oxygen consumption, metabolic rate, uncoupling protein, UCP.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure of Daily Living Activities in 3- to 6-Year-Old Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S3-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonwoo Byun ◽  
Allison Barry ◽  
Jung-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Watching Tv

Background:There has been a call for updating the Youth Compendium of Energy Expenditure (YCEE) by including energy expenditure (EE) data of young children (ie, < 6-year-old children). Therefore, this study examined the activity EE in 3 to 6 year old children using indirect calorimetry.Methods: Using Oxycon Mobile portable indirect calorimetry, both the oxygen consumption (VO2) and the EE of 28 children (Girls: 46%, Age: 4.8 ± 1.0, BMI: 16.4 ± 1.6) were measured while they performed various daily living activities (eg, watching TV, playing with toys, shooting baskets, soccer).Results:Across physical activities, averages of VO2 (ml·kg·min-1), VO2 (L·min-1), and EE ranged from 8.9 ± 1.5 to 33.3 ± 4.8 ml·kg·min-1, from 0.17 ± 0.04 to 0.64 ± 0.16 L·min-1, and from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.7 kcal·min-1, respectively.Conclusions:These findings will contribute to the upcoming YCEE update.

Effect of glycemia and nonesterified fatty acids on forearm glucose uptake in normal humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. E304-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walker ◽  
G. R. Fulcher ◽  
C. F. Sum ◽  
H. Orskov ◽  
K. G. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physiological plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels on insulin-stimulated forearm and whole body glucose uptake and substrate oxidation during euglycemia and hyperglycemia. Seven healthy men received Intralipid and heparin for 210 min in two studies, with saline as control in two further studies. Insulin (0.05 U.kg-1.h-1) was infused from 60 min, and euglycemia was maintained during lipid (EL) and control (EC) studies, and hyperglycemia was maintained in the other studies (HL and HC). Forearm NEFA uptake was comparable in the lipid studies (+61 +/- 10 and +52 +/- 8 nmol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EL and HL) and was suppressed in the controls. With Intralipid, forearm glucose uptake decreased during euglycemia but not during hyperglycemia (+3.85 +/- 0.34 vs. +3.34 +/- 0.25 mumol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EC vs. EL, P less than 0.02), with comparable changes in whole body glucose uptake. Glucose oxidation and forearm alanine release decreased with Intralipid at both blood glucose levels, with no significant change in the rates of nonoxidative glucose disposal. These observations support the operation of the glucose-fatty acid cycle at physiological plasma NEFA levels at both blood glucose concentrations, but this was associated with a decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity only during euglycemia.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the IDEEA™ activity monitor for estimating energy expenditure

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Whybrow ◽  
Patrick Ritz ◽  
Graham W. Horgan ◽  
R. James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Similar Estimate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
D 12

Objective estimates of activity patterns and energy expenditure (EE) are important for the measurement of energy balance. The Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) can estimate EE from the thirty-five postures and activities it can identify and record. The present study evaluated the IDEEA system's estimation of EE using whole-body indirect calorimetry over 24 h, and in free-living subjects using doubly-labelled water (DLW) over 14 d. EE was calculated from the IDEEA data using calibration values for RMR and EE while sitting and standing, both as estimated by the IDEEA system (IDEEAest) and measured by indirect calorimetry (IDEEAmeas). Subjects were seven females and seven males, mean age 38·1 and 39·7 years, mean BMI 25·2 and 26·2 kg/m2, respectively. The IDEEAest method produced a similar estimate of EE to the calorimeter (10·8 and 10·8 MJ, NS), while the IDEEAmeas method underestimated EE (9·9 MJ, P < 0·001). After removing data from static cycling, which the IDEEA was unable to identify as an activity, both the IDEEAest and IDEEAmeas methods overestimated EE compared to the calorimeter (9·9 MJ, P < 0·001; 9·1 MJ, P < 0·05 and 8·6 MJ, respectively). Similarly, the IDEEA system overestimated EE compared to DLW over 14 d; 12·7 MJ/d (P < 0·01), 11·5 MJ/d (P < 0·01) and 9·5 MJ/d for the IDEEAest, IDEEAmeas and DLW, respectively. The IDEEA system overestimated EE both in the controlled laboratory and free-living environments. Using measured EE values for RMR, sitting and standing reduced, but did not eliminate, the error in estimated EE.

scholarly journals Effect of level of nutrition on splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
C. L. Ferrell ◽  
J. H. Eisemann ◽  
R. A. Britton ◽  
J. A. Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

The objective of the present study was to measure changes in splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption in sheep fed on a high-concentrate diet ad lib. (ADLIB) or an amount sufficient to maintain body-weight (MAINT) for 21 d. Eleven ram lambs were surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters in the portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins and mesenteric artery to measure blood flow and net O2 flux through the liver and portal-drained viscera (PDV). During the 21 d period, PDV (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) blood flow increased in ADLIB and decreased in MAINT lambs (treatment x day, linear). After 21 d, O2 consumptions in PDV and liver of MAINT lambs were 37 and 63% lower than in ADLIB lambs. In the control period, total splanchnic tissues represented an average of 52% of whole body O2 consumption. After 21 d, the relative contributions of PDV and liver to whole-body O2 consumption were 28 and 41% in ADLIB and 19 and 22% in MAINT lambs respectively. Allometric regression variables indicate that liver O2 consumption responds more rapidly to changes in metabolizable energy intake than portal O2 consumption. These results indicate that blood flow and O2 consumption in both PDV and liver are related to level of nutrition. Furthermore, splanchnic tissues represent a significant component of whole-body O2 consumption that is subject to manipulation by level of nutrition.

scholarly journals Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) helps regulate the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle and development of insulin resistance in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Millward ◽  
David DeSantis ◽  
Chang-Wen Hsieh ◽  
Jason D. Heaney ◽  
Sorana Pisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Triglyceride Fatty Acid

Renal oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, and amino acid utilization during i.v. infusion of amino acids in man

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. E648-E655 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brundin ◽  
J. Wahren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Renal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Renal Oxygen

The renal contribution to the amino acid-induced whole body thermogenesis was examined. Using indirect calorimetry and catheter techniques, pulmonary and renal oxygen uptake and blood flow, blood temperatures, and net renal exchange of amino acids, glucose and lactate were measured in eight healthy men before and during 3 h of intravenous infusion of 720 kJ of an amino acid solution. During the infusion, the pulmonary oxygen uptake increased from 252 +/- 12 to 310 +/- 8 ml/min, cardiac output increased from 5.9 +/- 0.3 to 6.8 +/- 0.3 l/min, and the arterial blood temperature increased from 36.34 +/- 0.04 to 36.68 +/- 0.07 degrees C. Renal oxygen consumption, heat production, blood flow, and net glucose exchange remained unchanged during the infusion. The net renal uptake of amino acid energy from the blood rose from 2 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 4 W. The total renal energy expenditure was 9-10 W throughout the study period. It is concluded that intravenous amino acid infusion greatly augments the uptake and utilization of amino acids in the kidneys but does not stimulate the renal oxygen consumption, heat production, blood flow, or glucose release.

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