Interleukin-1 beta-induced anorexia and pyrexia in rat: relationship to hypothalamic neuropeptide Y

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. E852-E857 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. McCarthy ◽  
S. Dryden ◽  
G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Medial Preoptic Area ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta

We investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta)-induced anorexia and pyrexia on the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic system, which stimulates feeding and reduces thermogenesis. In meal-fed rats, food intake decreased by 83%, 90 min after IL-1 beta treatment (1.3 micrograms/100 g ip; n - 8) vs. controls. NPY concentrations were significantly higher in the medial preoptic area (MPO), paraventricular (PVN), ventromedial (VMN), and dorsomedial (DMN) nuclei but unchanged in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in both IL-1 beta-treated and pair-fed groups. Indomethacin (0.25 mg/100 g ip) reduced IL-1 beta-induced anorexia and tended to normalize NPY concentrations. In study 2, IL-1 beta increased core temperature by 1.1 degrees C above preinjection values (P < 0.001) and significantly raised NPY concentrations in the MPO, PVN, VMN, and DMN compared with controls, 60 min postinjection. Indomethacin prevented the pyrexia and normalized hypothalamic NPY levels. As NPY concentrations were not increased in the ARC (the hypothalamic site of synthesis), we suggest that the increased NPY levels may result from blocked release, which would be in accord with the known experimental effects of NPY.

scholarly journals A conceptual model of the influence of stress on female reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dobson ◽  
S Ghuman ◽  
S Prabhakar ◽  
R Smith
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Medial Preoptic Area ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Cell Recruitment

Intriguingly, similar neurotransmitters and nuclei within the hypothalamus control stress and reproduction. GnRH neurone recruitment and activity is regulated by a balance between stimulation, suppression and permissiveness controlled by noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y and serotonin from the brain stem, impact from glutamate in the medial preoptic area and neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus, in opposition to the restraining influences of gamma-aminobenzoic acid within the medial preoptic area and opioids from the arcuate nucleus. Stress also activates neuropeptide Y perikarya in the arcuate nucleus and brain stem noradrenaline neurones. The latter project either indirectly, via the medial preoptic area, or directly to the paraventricular nucleus to release corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Within the medial preoptic area, GnRH neurones synapse with CRH and AVP axons. Stimulation of CRH neurones in the paraventricular nucleus also activates gamma-aminobenzoic acid and opioid neurones in the medial preoptic area and reduces GnRH cell recruitment, thereby decreasing GnRH pulse frequency. Oestradiol enhances stress-induced noradrenaline suppression of LH pulse frequency but when applied in the paraventricular nucleus or brain stem, and not in the medial preoptic area or arcuate nucleus. The importance of CRH and AVP in the medial preoptic area needs confirming in a species other than the rat, which uses adrenal activation to time the onset of the GnRH surge. Another stress-activated pathway involves the amygdala and bed of the nucleus stria terminalis, which contain CRH neurones and accumulate gamma-aminobenzoic acid during stress.

Interleukin-1 beta acts at hypothalamic sites to inhibit gastric acid secretion in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. G414-G418 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Saperas ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
Y. Tache
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Medial Preoptic Area ◽  
Anterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta

It has been established that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid inhibits gastric acid secretion in rats. Brain sites of action of IL-1 beta were investigated in conscious rats implanted unilaterally with chronic hypothalamic cannula. Gastric acid secretion was monitored 2 h after pylorus ligation. Human recombinant IL-1 beta (10 ng) microinjected into the medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus inhibited gastric acid secretion by 76-83%. IL-1 beta microinjected into the ventromedial hypothalamus and other hypothalamic sites outside of responsive sites had no effect. IL-1 beta inhibitory action in the medial preoptic area was dose related (0.1-10 ng), prevented by indomethacin (5 mg/kg ip), and mimicked by prostaglandin E2. These results show that IL-1 beta acts in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus to inhibit acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats and that IL-1 beta action is likely to involve prostaglandin E2.

Differential effects of cytokines on thermosensitive neurons in guinea pig preoptic area slices

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. R1096-R1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shibata ◽  
C. M. Blatteis
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

This study was undertaken to determine whether the reported different courses of the febrile responses to the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), interferon-alpha 2 (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) might have neuroelectrophysiological correlates. The reactions of individual thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic area (POA) were evaluated by recording their extracellular single-unit firing rates (FR) in slices of guinea pig POA perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), human recombinant IL-1 (50-500 ng), IFN (1,000-8,000 U), and TNF (400-5,000 ng) (all doses per min/ml aCSF); thermosensitivity was assessed by FR responses to changes of perfusate temperature (32-42 degrees C). Overall, these cytokines depressed the FR of warm-sensitive units and excited those of cold-sensitive units, in agreement with expectations. However, the responses of individual neurons treated with two or all three cytokines were dissimilar: 61% of the units tested reacted differentially to two or three cytokines, 32% exhibited identical responses, and 7% had no response to any cytokine. These results support the possibility that IL-1, IFN, and TNF may affect not the same but rather distinct neurons functionally connected to common pyrogenic effectors. Thus they suggest that differential neuronal substrates may be utilized by each cytokine to exert its pyrogenic effect.

Hypothalamic mapping of orexigenic action and Fos-like immunoreactivity following relaxin-3 administration in male Wistar rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E913-E919 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. McGowan ◽  
S. A. Stanley ◽  
N. E. White ◽  
A. Spangeus ◽  
M. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Disulphide Bonds ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Relaxin Family ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The insulin superfamily, characterized by common disulphide bonds, includes not only insulin but also insulin-like peptides such as relaxin-1 and relaxin-3. The actions of relaxin-3 are largely unknown, but recent work suggests a role in regulation of food intake. Relaxin-3 mRNA is highly expressed in the nucleus incertus, which has extensive projections to the hypothalamus, and relaxin immunoreactivity is present in several hypothalamic nuclei. In the rat, relaxin-3 binds and activates both relaxin family peptide receptor 1, which also binds relaxin-1, and a previously orphaned G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP3. These receptors are extensively expressed in the hypothalamus. The aims of these studies were twofold: 1) map the hypothalamic site(s) of the orexigenic action of relaxin-3 and 2) examine the site(s) of neuronal activation following central relaxin-3 administration. After microinjection into hypothalamic sites, human relaxin-3 (H3; 180 pmol) significantly stimulated 0- to 1-h food intake in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and the anterior preoptic area (APOA) [SON 0.4 ± 0.2 (vehicle) vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 g (H3), P < 0.001; ARC 0.7 ± 0.3 (vehicle) vs. 2.7 ± 0.2 g (H3), P < 0.05; and APOA 0.8 ± 0.1 (vehicle) vs. 2.2 ± 0.2 g (H3), P < 0.05]. Cumulative food intake was significantly increased ≤8 h following administration into the SON and 4 h into the APOA. A significant increase in Fos-like immunoreactivity was seen in the SON following central relaxin-3 administration. Relaxin-3 stimulates feeding in several hypothalamic nuclei, and these studies provide additional support for relaxin-3 as an important peptide in appetite regulation.

Involvement of organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis and preoptic area in interleukin 1 beta-induced ACTH release

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E163-E171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Katsuura ◽  
A. Arimura ◽  
K. Koves ◽  
P. E. Gottschall
Keyword(s):  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Lamina Terminalis ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Organum Vasculosum ◽  
The Brain

Intravenous administration of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta, 1 micrograms/100 g body wt) resulted in a marked elevation of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, with peak levels at 10 min, in conscious unrestrained rats. One week after the placement of a lesion by radiofrequency or microinjection of kainic acid in the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) but not in subfornical organ, ACTH response to intravenous IL-1 beta was enhanced, whereas both radiofrequency-induced lesion and kainic acid in the preoptic area (POA) suppressed the response. Indomethacin or a prostaglandin E (PGE) antagonist microinjected into the OVLT or POA suppressed or abolished the response. On the other hand, PGE, but not PGD2, microinjected into the POA increased plasma ACTH levels. These results suggest an important role for the OVLT, which lacks blood-brain barrier, as a possible site of entry of blood-borne IL-1 beta into the brain and for the POA, which may contain the neurons required for the response. Involvement of PGE in the OVLT and POA in the ACTH response to intravenous IL-1 beta is also suggested.

Microinjection of Galanin-Like Peptide into the Medial Preoptic Area Stimulates Food Intake in Adult Male Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patterson ◽  
K. G. Murphy ◽  
E. L. Thompson ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
K. Meeran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Medial Preoptic Area ◽  
Male Rats
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