scholarly journals Oatmeal particle size alters glycemic index but not as a function of gastric emptying rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. G239-G246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Mackie ◽  
Balazs H. Bajka ◽  
Neil M. Rigby ◽  
Peter J. Wilde ◽  
Fatima Alves-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Nutritional Guidance ◽  
Food Structure ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which oat particle size in a porridge could alter glucose absorption, gastric emptying, gastrointestinal hormone response, and subjective feelings of appetite and satiety. Porridge was prepared from either oat flakes or oat flour with the same protein, fat, carbohydrate, and mass. These were fed to eight volunteers on separate days in a crossover study, and subjective appetite ratings, gastric contents, and plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones were determined over a period of 3 h. The flake porridge gave a lower glucose response than the flour porridge, and there were apparent differences in gastric emptying in both the early and late postprandial phases. The appetite ratings showed similar differences between early- and late-phase behavior. The structure of the oat flakes remained sufficiently intact to delay their gastric emptying, leading to a lower glycemic response, even though initial gastric emptying rates were similar for the flake and flour porridge. This highlights the need to take food structure into account when considering relatively simple physiological measures and offering nutritional guidance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The impact of food structure on glycemic response even in simple foods such as porridge is dependent on both timing of gastric emptying and the composition of what is emptied as well as duodenal starch digestion. Thus structure should be accounted for when considering relatively simple physiological measures and offering nutritional guidance.

Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Nadia ◽  
Alexander G. Olenskyj ◽  
Natascha Stroebinger ◽  
Suzanne M. Hodgkinson ◽  
Talia G. Estevez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Gastric Digestion ◽  
Food Structure ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Effect Of Food

There is currently a limited understanding of the effect of food structure on physical breakdown and gastric emptying of solid starch-based foods during gastric digestion. Moisture uptake, pH, particle size,...

scholarly journals E. coli Nissle 1917 modulates host glucose metabolism without directly acting on glucose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore A. Chavkin ◽  
Loc-Duyen Pham ◽  
Aleksandar Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

AbstractManaging postprandial glycemic response, or the increase in blood sugar following a meal, is a crucial component to maintaining healthy blood sugar in patients with diabetes. To test whether oral probiotics can impact postprandial glycemic response, E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test. Oral gavage of EcN concurrent with a glucose bolus reduced the post-gavage glycemic response in mice. However, there was no difference in glycemic response when comparing EcN to a mutant deficient in glucose metabolism. This suggests that while EcN can alter glycemic response to a glucose bolus, this effect is not mediated by direct uptake of glucose. Of the possible indirect effects EcN could have, gastric emptying rate was highlighted as a likely cause, but EcN had no effect on gastric emptying rate in mice. This leaves many more possible indirect explanations for the interaction between EcN and host glucose metabolism to be explored in future work.

scholarly journals Suppression of Oral Sweet Sensations during Consumption of Sweet Food in Humans: Effects on Gastric Emptying Rate, Glycemic Response, Appetite, Food Satisfaction and Desire for Basic Tastes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Naomi Kashima ◽  
Kanako Kimura ◽  
Natsumi Nishitani ◽  
Masako Yamaoka Endo ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fukuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Sweet Food ◽  
Postprandial Phase ◽  
Prospective Consumption

Suppression of oral sweet sensation (OSS) acutely reduces intake of sweet-tasting food due to lower liking. However, little is known about other physiological responses during both the prandial and postprandial phase. Here, we explored the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)-based suppression of OSS of several types of sweet-tasting food (muffin, sweet yogurt, banana) on gastric emptying, blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (PI), appetite indices (hunger, fullness and prospective consumption), satisfaction and desire for tastes. Fifteen healthy subjects (22 ± 3 years, 9 women) took part in the study. Subjects rinsed their mouth with either GS solution or distilled water before eating the sweet-tasting food. Subjects felt decreased sweet taste intensity and reduced taste liking associated with GS rinsing after consuming each food, compared with rinsing with distilled water (p < 0.05). Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05). Higher desire for sweet taste as well as lower satisfaction (p < 0.05) in the postprandial phase were observed with GS rinsing. These results suggest that the suppression of OSS does not affect gastric emptying, glycemic response and appetite during and after consumption of sweet-tasting food.

Gastric emptying, mouth-to-cecum transit, and glycemic, insulin, incretin, and energy intake responses to a mixed-nutrient liquid in lean, overweight, and obese males

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. E294-E300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika V. Seimon ◽  
Ixchel M. Brennan ◽  
Antonietta Russo ◽  
Tanya J. Little ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Incretin Secretion ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
The Impact

Observations relating to the impact of obesity on gastric emptying (GE) and the secretion of gut hormones are inconsistent, probably because of a lack of studies in which GE, gastrointestinal hormone release, and energy intake (EI) have been evaluated concurrently with previous patterns of nutrient intake. GE is known to be a major determinant of postprandial glycemia and incretin secretion in health and type 2 diabetes. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of a mixed-nutrient drink on GE, oro-cecal transit, blood glucose, insulin and incretin concentrations and EI, and the relationship between the glycemic response to the drink with GE in lean, overweight, and obese subjects. Twenty lean, 20 overweight, and 20 obese males had measurements of GE, oro-cecal transit, and blood glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations for 5 h after ingestion of a mixed-nutrient drink (500 ml, 532 kcal); EI at a subsequent buffet lunch was determined. Habitual EI was also quantified. Glycemic and insulinemic responses to the drink were greater in the obese (both P < 0.05) when compared with both lean and overweight, with no significant differences in GE, intragastric distribution, oro-cecal transit, incretins, or EI (buffet lunch or habitual) between groups. The magnitude of the rise in blood glucose after the drink was greater when GE was relatively more rapid ( r = −0.55, P < 0.05). In conclusion, in the absence of differences in habitual EI, both GE and incretin hormones are unaffected in the obese despite greater glucose and insulin responses, and GE is a determinant of postprandial glycemia.

scholarly journals The Effect of Short-Term Dietary Fructose Supplementation on Gastric Emptying Rate and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses in Healthy Men

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adora Yau ◽  
John McLaughlin ◽  
Ronald Maughan ◽  
William Gilmore ◽  
Gethin Evans
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
Hormone Responses

scholarly journals Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying in premature infants treated with non-invasive ventilatory support

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Kurepa ◽  
Richard Schanler ◽  
Barry Weinberger ◽  
Arkar Ye Hlaing
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Content Volume ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Nasal Cpap ◽  
Dimensional Estimate ◽  
Median Birth Weight

Abstract Background: Nasal CPAP introduces positive pressure of air into both trachea and stomach, which may affect gastric emptying. The rate of gastric emptying can be estimated by US by two validated techniques: “antral cross-sectional area” (2-dimensional estimate of the surface area at the gastric antrum), and “spheroid gastric volume” (3-dimensional estimate of the stomach content volume). No study examined gastric emptying rate in infants on bubble CPAP (bCPAP). Objective: To compare gastric emptying rates in neonates on machine-derived nasal CPAP (MD-nCPAP) with those on bCPAP. Methods: Ultrasound measurements of the amount of milk in the stomach were performed before feeding and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after the start of feeding, using both the ACSA and spheroid methods. Rates of gastric emptying were calculated during the “early” (1-2 hours) and “late” (2-3 hours) phases after feeding. Results: We recruited 32 infants (25-34 weeks gestational age). Seventeen infants were treated with MD-nCPAP [median birth weight 1015 g (IQR: 870 to 1300), gestational age 28 weeks (IQR: 27 to 29), postnatal age 20 days (IQR: 14 to 28)], while 15 infants were treated with bCPAP [median birth weight 960 g (IQR: 855 to 1070), gestational age 27 weeks (IQR: 26 to 28), postnatal age 17 days (IQR: 15 to 25)]. Gastric emptying rates (% emptied/min) were significantly faster in the “early” compared to the “late” phase for all infants. There were no significant differences in the rates of gastric emptying (either “early” or “late”) or volumes of gastric residuals between infants receiving MD-nCPAP or bCPAP, measured by either method. Conclusions: Gastric emptying is faster during the “early” compared to the “late” phase. Gastric emptying rates are not different in infants receiving MD-nCPAP vs bCPAP.

E. Coli Nissle 1917 Modulates Host Glucose Metabolism Without Directly Acting On Glucose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Chavkin ◽  
Loc-Duyen Pham ◽  
Aleksandar Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Managing postprandial glycemic response, or the increase in blood sugar following a meal, is a crucial component to maintaining healthy blood sugar in patients with diabetes. To test whether oral probiotics can impact postprandial glycemic response, E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test. Oral gavage of EcN concurrent with a glucose bolus reduced the post-gavage glycemic response in mice. However, there was no difference in glycemic response when comparing EcN to a mutant deficient in glucose metabolism. This suggests that while EcN can alter glycemic response to a glucose bolus, this effect is not mediated by direct uptake of glucose. Of the possible indirect effects EcN could have, gastric emptying rate was highlighted as a likely cause, but EcN had no effect on gastric emptying rate in mice. This leaves many more possible indirect explanations for the interaction between EcN and host glucose metabolism to be explored in future work.

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