Effect of diet on glucose transporter site density along the intestinal crypt-villus axis

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. G1060-G1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ferraris ◽  
S. A. Villenas ◽  
B. A. Hirayama ◽  
J. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Site Density ◽  
Phlorizin Binding ◽  
High Affinity Binding Site ◽  
A Site

High-carbohydrate diets stimulate intestinal brush-border glucose uptake and increase the number of glucose-protectable phlorizin binding sites, but it has been unknown where along the crypt-villus axis these effects are expressed. We attacked this problem by three methods. First, by measuring phlorizin binding to isolated mouse enterocytes fractionated along the crypt-villus axis by the Weiser method, we identified a high-affinity binding site predominating from villus tip to midvillus and a site of possibly lower affinity predominating in the crypts. A high-carbohydrate diet increased by severalfold the density of the villus sites and probably also of the crypt sites, without changing their binding constants. Second, autoradiography revealed increased glucose-protectable phlorizin binding along the whole crypt-villus axis on a high-carbohydrate diet. Finally, a polyclonal antibody against the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter recognized a protein in the brush-border membrane of villus cells. Hence, substrate-dependent upregulation of intestinal glucose transport involves increased numbers of transporters along the crypt-villus axis.

scholarly journals High Carbohydrate Diet Increased Glucose Transporter Protein Levels in Jejunum but Did Not Lead to Enhanced Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Yumiko Takahashi ◽  
Yutaka Matsunaga ◽  
Hiroki Yoshida ◽  
Terunaga Shinya ◽  
Ryo Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

We examined the effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on post-exercise glycogen recovery. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed moderate-carbohydrate chow (MCHO, 50%cal from carbohydrate) or high-carbohydrate chow (HCHO, 70%cal from carbohydrate) for 10 days. They then ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min and administered an oral glucose solution (1.5 mg/g body weight). Compared to the MCHO group, the HCHO group showed significantly higher sodium-D-glucose co-transporter 1 protein levels in the brush border membrane fraction (p = 0.003) and the glucose transporter 2 level in the mucosa of jejunum (p = 0.004). At 30 min after the post-exercise glucose administration, the skeletal muscle and liver glycogen levels were not significantly different between the two diet groups. The blood glucose concentration from the portal vein (which is the entry site of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract) was not significantly different between the groups at 15 min after the post-exercise glucose administration. There was no difference in the total or phosphorylated states of proteins related to glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. Although the high-carbohydrate diet significantly increased glucose transporters in the jejunum, this adaptation stimulated neither glycogen recovery nor glucose absorption after the ingestion of post-exercise glucose.

scholarly journals Genome wide analysis in Drosophila reveals diet by gene interactions and uncovers diet-responsive genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanne Francis ◽  
Shila Ghazanfar ◽  
Essi Havula ◽  
James R Krycer ◽  
Dario Strbenac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Genetic and environmental factors play a major role in metabolic health. However, they do not act in isolation, as a change in an environmental factor such as diet may exert different effects based on an individual’s genotype. Here, we sought to understand how such gene-diet interactions influenced nutrient storage and utilization, a major determinant of metabolic disease. We subjected 178 inbred strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), to diets varying in sugar, fat and protein. We assessed starvation resistance, a holistic phenotype of nutrient storage and utilization that can be robustly measured. Diet influenced the starvation resistance of most strains, but the effect varied markedly between strains such that some displayed better survival on a high carbohydrate diet compared to a high fat diet while others had opposing responses, illustrating a considerable gene x diet interaction. This demonstrates that genetics plays a major role in diet responses. Furthermore, heritability analysis revealed that the greatest genetic variability arose from diets either high in sugar or high in protein. To uncover the genetic variants that contribute to the heterogeneity in starvation resistance, we mapped 566 diet-responsive SNPs in 293 genes, 174 of which have human orthologues. Using whole-body knockdown, we identified two genes that were required for glucose tolerance, storage and utilization. Strikingly, flies in which the expression of one of these genes, CG4607 a putative homolog of a mammalian glucose transporter, was reduced at the whole-body level, displayed lethality on a high carbohydrate diet. This study provides evidence that there is a strong interplay between diet and genetics in governing survival in response to starvation, a surrogate measure of nutrient storage efficiency and obesity. It is likely that a similar principle applies to higher organisms thus supporting the case for nutrigenomics as an important health strategy.

Diets alter jejunal morphology and brush border membrane composition in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Keelan ◽  
K. Walker ◽  
R. Rajotte ◽  
T. Clandinin ◽  
A. B. R. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Previous studies have demonstrated enhanced active and passive uptake of many nutrients in animals with experimental diabetes. These changes in absorption cannot be explained by differences in intestinal morphology, although the brush border membrance (BBM) phospholipids do change in diabetes. Manipulation of diet produces alterations in intestinal uptake of lipids and glucose. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diet and diabetes on jejunal morphology and BBM lipid composition. Rats were rendered hyperglycemic with streptozotocin and were fed for 2 weeks on a diet that was high or low in carbohydrate, essential fatty acids, cholesterol, or protein. In both control and diabetic rats, these diets produced changes in villus height and BBM sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities. In both control and diabetic rats, BBM phospholipids were unaffected by changes in the dietary content of essential fatty acids, cholesterol, or protein, but total BBM phospholipid content was reduced in animals fed low as compared with high carbohydrate diet. Total BBM phospholipid content was higher in diabetic than in control animals fed the low protein diet, whereas BBM phospholipid content was lower in diabetic than in control animals fed the high carbohydrate diet, and was even lower in diabetic animals fed the low as compared with the high carbohydrate diet. These changes in total phospholipids were due to alterations in the BBM content of phospholipids containing choline. In control animals, BBM cholesterol was higher in rats fed the low as compared with the high cholesterol diet, or the low as compared with the high protein diet. In diabetic rats, BBM cholesterol was higher than in animals fed the low as compared with the high essential fatty acid or high protein diet. BBM cholesterol was higher in diabetic than in control rats only when fed the low essential fatty acid diet. The results show that (i) diabetes and dietary manipulation produce changes in villus morphology, BBM enzymes, and lipids, but there is no apparent relationship between alterations in the various parameters measured; and (ii) diet and diabetes may alter lipid uptake as a result of qualitative and quantitative changes in the choline phospholipids in the intestinal brush border membrane.

scholarly journals Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Park ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Min Hee Hwang ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Young-Rak Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Mixed lineage kinase 3 deficient mice are protected against the high fat high carbohydrate diet-induced steatohepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar H. Ibrahim ◽  
Gregory J. Gores ◽  
Petra Hirsova ◽  
Michelle Kirby ◽  
Lili Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals The Bacteriological Examinations of the Faeces in Four Cases of Typhoid Fever, made at frequent intervals for a period of one month

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Large Numbers

1. The appearance and disappearance of typhoid bacilli in the faeces in these four cases bore no relation to changes in the diet nor to the physical state of the stools, but the later they appeared the shorter was the duration of their appearance.On the disappearance of typhoid bacilli from the stools the intestinal flora tended to become more simple.2. B. coli was the only organism invariably present at every examination.3. Streptococci were very much more abundant in the earlier stages of the disease, when milk formed the greater part of the diet, than in the later stages.4. In two cases where boils occurred on the body the causative organism had previously been isolated in large numbers from the faeces.5. With stools slightly alkaline to litmus the flora in these cases was relatively simple and fermentative in type. There is no apparent advantage, therefore, in giving a high carbohydrate diet except in cases of marked alkalinity and putrefaction.

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