Vasodilatory properties of recombinant maxadilan

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. H924-H930 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Jackson ◽  
E. Lerner ◽  
R. M. Weisbrod ◽  
M. Tajima ◽  
J. Loscalzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Arterial Relaxation ◽  
Potent Vasodilator ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Maxadilan is a peptide from the salivary gland of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector for leishmaniasis. Cutaneous injection of femtomolar quantities of maxadilan produces long-lasting erythema, making it the most potent vasodilator known. Isolated rabbit thoracic and abdominal aorta, carotid artery, and iliac artery demonstrated dose-dependent arterial relaxation in response to maxadilan with a mean effective concentration (EC50) of 2.7 +/- 1.5, 2.1 +/- 0.5, 2.6 +/- 0.4, and 1.9 +/- 0.5 nM, respectively. Maxadilan proved to be at least sevenfold more potent than nitroglycerin in each arterial bed (EC50 = 25 +/- 12, 32 +/- 9, 37 +/- 10, and 22 +/- 13 nM, respectively; P < 0.05 for each vs. maxadilan). Arterial relaxation to maxadilan was independent of endothelium and was equipotent in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, carotid artery, and iliac artery. Arterial relaxation to maxadilan was not inhibited by K(+)-channel antagonists, methylene blue, quinacrine, or ouabain. Maxadilan-mediated arterial relaxation was found to be adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) dependent, as it was potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and theophylline, and it was inhibited by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. Consistent with this observation, incubation of thoracic aorta with maxadilan (0.1 microM) produced a time-dependent increase in arterial cAMP content coincident with arterial relaxation. Using rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells, we also observed a time-dependent reduction in intracellular calcium in response to maxadilan. Thus these data indicate that maxadilan, a peptide from the sand fly salivary gland, is a potent vasodilator that reduces intracellular calcium through a cAMP-dependent mechanism.

Takayasu's Disease with Aneurysm of Right Common Iliac Artery and Iliocaval Fistula in a Young Infant: Case Report and Review of the Literature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Pamella S. Gronemeyer ◽  
Daphne E. deMello
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Takayasu's Disease ◽  
Takayasu’S Disease ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Takayasu's arteritis or nonspecific arteritis is a term used to designate a primary arteritis of unknown etiology involving the aorta and its major branches at any level. Generally, the lesions are obliterative; however, aneurysms and saccular dilations have also been described. The arteritis was originally believed to be limited to the aortic arch; however, involvement of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta has been reported. In fact, the majority of cases of Takayasu's disease in children involve the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. A case of Takayasu's disease in a 7-month-old black male infant involving the right common iliac artery with development of a large aneurysm and an iliocaval fistula is reported. This child is the youngest to be affected by the disease as reported in the literature. Although Takayasu's disease is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with an abdominal mass.

scholarly journals Resistance of endothelium-dependent relaxation to elevation of O 2 − levels in rabbit carotid artery

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. H2109-H2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Pagano ◽  
Mark C. Griswold ◽  
Soheil Najibi ◽  
Stefan L. Marklund ◽  
Richard A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Arterial Relaxation ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Endogenous superoxide anion[Formula: see text] interferes with the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation (EDR). Using the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay, we measured[Formula: see text] in the thoracic and abdominal aortas and the carotid artery of rabbits to determine whether ambient[Formula: see text] varies among the three arteries and differentially diminishes the effect of NO. Basal levels of[Formula: see text] were significantly higher in carotid arteries than in the thoracic aorta [23 ± 6.1 vs. 3.9 ± 1.4 chemiluminescence units (CU); P < 0.05], whereas EDR in response to ACh (10−8–10−5M) was not significantly different on ANOVA. After treatment with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC; 10 mM), [Formula: see text] levels were significantly elevated, becoming greater in the carotid artery and abdominal aorta than in the thoracic aorta (185 ± 31.2 and 202 ± 40.3 vs. 89 ± 18 CU; P < 0.05). DDC significantly reversed EDR in the thoracic aorta but not in the carotid artery; at 10−6 M ACh, the decrease seen with DDC was 48 ± 6.2 vs. 6.8 ± 8.0% of maximal relaxation in the thoracic aorta and carotid artery, respectively. In the thoracic aorta, exogenous SOD reversed the inhibition of EDR caused by DDC. Moreover, DDC/[Formula: see text]-resistant EDR in the carotid artery was ablated by the addition of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (300 μM; P < 0.05), an NO synthase inhibitor, consistent with peroxynitrite or an[Formula: see text]-resistant NO donor being involved in carotid relaxation. Indeed, exogenous peroxynitrite caused similar relaxation of the carotid artery and thoracic aorta, which was unaffected by DDC. Our studies show a greater production of nitrite and[Formula: see text] per unit area by the carotid artery, suggesting a greater amount of their product peroxynitrite. These findings support the hypothesis that peroxynitrite is the relaxing agent that resists high [Formula: see text] in the carotid artery.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

scholarly journals In Vivo Quantification of Regional Circumferential Green Strain in the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta by Two-Dimensional Spiral Cine DENSE MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Xiaodong Zhong ◽  
Jackson Hair ◽  
W. Robert Taylor ◽  
John N. Oshinski
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Ssfp Cine ◽  
Green Strain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Cine Dense

Regional tissue mechanics play a fundamental role in the patient-specific function and remodeling of the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, regional in vivo assessments of aortic kinematics remain lacking due to the challenge of imaging the thin aortic wall. Herein, we present a novel application of displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the regional displacement and circumferential Green strain of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Two-dimensional (2D) spiral cine DENSE and steady-state free procession (SSFP) cine images were acquired at 3T at either the infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA), descending thoracic aorta (DTA), or distal aortic arch (DAA) in a pilot study of six healthy volunteers (22–59 y.o., 4 females). DENSE data were processed with multiple custom noise reduction techniques including time-smoothing, displacement vector smoothing, sectorized spatial smoothing, and reference point averaging to calculate circumferential Green strain across 16 equispaced sectors around the aorta. Each volunteer was scanned twice to evaluate interstudy repeatability. Circumferential Green strain was heterogeneously distributed in all volunteers and locations. The mean spatial heterogeneity index (standard deviation of all sector values divided by the mean strain) was 0.37 in the IAA, 0.28 in the DTA, and 0.59 in the DAA. Mean (homogenized) peak strain by DENSE for each cross section was consistent with the homogenized linearized strain estimated from SSFP cine. The mean difference in peak strain across all sectors following repeat imaging was −0.1±2.3%, with a mean absolute difference of 1.7%. Aortic cine DENSE MRI is a viable noninvasive technique for quantifying heterogeneous regional aortic wall strain and has significant potential to improve patient-specific clinical assessments of numerous aortopathies, as well as to provide the lacking spatiotemporal data required to refine patient-specific computational models of aortic growth and remodeling.

scholarly journals Staged endovascular stent grafts for concurrent mobile/ulcerated thrombi of thoracic and abdominal aorta causing recurrent spontaneous distal embolization

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Zhang ◽  
Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam ◽  
Mazen Hashisho ◽  
J. David Killeen ◽  
Christian Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Endovascular Stent ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
Distal Embolization ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

scholarly journals Morphologic and epidemiologic differences between Asian and European population in aneurismatic disease of abdominal aorta

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Ana Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
European Population ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Aorta Aneurysm ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Asian Patients

Background: In this study, we analyzed epidemiologic characteristics and morphologic differences between Asian and European population in patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA). Method: We conducted concomitant study in Japan and Europe , in 31 Asian patients (AP) with AAA and 130 control subjects of the same population, and in 30 European patients with AAA and 126 control subjects (EP). We observed various demographic and anthropologic parameters. Aortography was performed in all patients at the same type of CT-scanners using the same examination protocol and postprocessing. For data analysis, various statistical models were used. Results: There are statistically significant differences in multiple epidemiologic and morphologic findings in AAA patients, as well as in comparison with controls in both groups. This is most distinct in terms of anthropologic characteristics and number of risk-factors, and in terms of morphologic findings, in the length of neck of the aneurysm, transverse diameter of abdominal aorta (AA) and common iliac artery (c.i.a), and volumes of c.i.a. We obtained paradoxical results considering diabetes mellitus, which presented itself as a protective factor for AAA. Conclusion: Demographic-epidemiologic analysis accompanied with morphologic measurements using modern imaging modalities enables obtaining new information on pathology of AAA in different races. There are differences in number of risk-factors, and in terms of morphologic findings, in the length neck, angle of the aneurysm, transverse diameters of abdominal aorta (AA) and in the length of common iliac artery (c.i.a), and volume of c.i.a.

scholarly journals Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3621
Author(s):  
Maciej Danielewski ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Andrzej Rapak ◽  
Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits possess potential cardiovascular, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic bioactivities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract rich in iridoids and anthocyanins on several transcription factors, intima/media ratio in aorta and serum parameters, which determine or are valuable indicators of the adverse changes observed in the course of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet enriched in 1% cholesterol for 60 days. Additionally, one group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract and the second group 50 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expression in the aorta, LXR-α expression in the liver; cholesterol, triglycerides, adipokines, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin levels in serum; the intima and media diameter in the thoracic and abdominal aorta were determined. Administration of cornelian cherry extract resulted in an enhancement in the expression of all tested transcription factors, a decrease in triglycerides, leptin and resistin, and an increase in adiponectin levels. In addition, a significant reduction in the I/M ratio was observed for both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The results we have obtained confirm the potential contribution of cornelian cherry extract to mitigation of the risk of developing and the intensity of symptoms of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.

Control of Hemorrhage in Critical Femoral or Inguinal Penetrating Wounds—An Ultrasound Evaluation

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Blaivas ◽  
Stephen Shiver ◽  
Matthew Lyon ◽  
Srikar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

AbstractIntroduction:Exsanguination from a femoral artery wound can occur in sec-onds and may be encountered more often due to increased use of body armor. Some military physicians teach compression of the distal abdominal aorta (Abdominal Aorta) with a knee or a fist as a temporizing measure.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate if complete collapse of the Abdominal Aorta was feasible and with what weight it occurs.Methods:This was a prospective, interventional study at a Level-I, academ-ic, urban, emergency department with an annual census of 80,000 patients. Written, informed consent was obtained from nine male volunteers after Institutional Research Board approval. Any patient who presented with abdominal pain or had undergone previous abdominal surgery was excluded from the study. Subjects were placed supine on the floor to simulate an injured soldier. Various dumbbells of increasing weight were placed over the distal Abdominal Aorta, and pulsed-wave Doppler measurements were taken at the right common femoral artery (CFA). Dumbbells were placed on top of a tightly bundled towel roughly the surface area of an adult knee. Flow measurements at the CFA were taken at increments of 20 pounds. This was repeated with weight over the proximal right artery iliac and distal right iliac artery to eval- uate alternate sites. Descriptive statistics were utilized to evaluate the data.Results:The mean velocity through the CFA was 75.8 cm/ sec at 0 pounds. Compression of the Abdominal Aorta ranging 80 to 140 pounds resulted in no flow in the CFA. A steady decrease in mean flow velocity was seen starting with 20 pounds. Flow velocity decreased more rapidly with compression of the prox- imal right iliac artery, and stopped in all nine volunteers by 120 pounds of pressure. For all nine volunteers, up to 80 pounds of pressure over the distal iliac artery failed to decrease CFA flow velocity, and no subject was able to tolerate more weight at that location.Conclusion:Flow to the CFA can be stopped completely with pressure over the distal Abdominal Aorta or proximal iliac artery in catastrophic wounds. Compression over the proximal iliac artery worked best, but a first responder still may need to apply upward of 120 pounds of pressure to stop exsanguination.

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