Depletion and Reaccumulation of Mitochondrial Sodium and Potassium: Effect of Adrenalectomy

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Potassium Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The effect of 6–7 days of adrenocortical insufficiency (tap water and no steroids) on the movements of sodium and potassium in rat liver and kidney mitochondria was studied. Rat liver and kidney mitochondria were depleted of sodium or potassium. The ability of these particulates to accumulate sodium or potassium upon the addition of the particular ion to the incubation medium was determined. Adrenalectomy was without effect on the following: the rate of depletion of or the ability to reaccumulate sodium or potassium, the mitochondrial water content or the intramitochondrial potassium concentration. However, adrenalectomy did result in a consistently higher sodium concentration in kidney mitochondria in the sodium depletion-reaccumulation experiments.

Effects of protamine and strophanthin on mitochondrial potassium, sodium and water

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-656
Author(s):  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Uncoupling Of Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
High Concentrations

A study was made of the effects of certain agents, which inhibit potassium transport in intact cells, on the potassium, sodium and water metabolism of isolated mitochondria. Protamine (4 mg/100 ml) induced swelling in rat liver and kidney mitochondria and impaired the ability of these mitochondria to concentrate potassium. These actions appeared to be associated with the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Protamine was without effect on the mitochondrial sodium concentration. Strophanthin at extremely high concentrations (1 gm/100 ml) was also found to induce swelling of rat liver, kidney and heart mitochondria and to interfere with the ability of the mitochondria to concentrate potassium. There was a tendency for mitochondrial sodium concentration to be elevated. It is concluded that the actions of protamine and strophanthin on mitochondria are qualitatively and quantitatively different from the actions of these substances on intact cells and that there are basic differences between the potassium concentrating mechanisms in mitochondria and in intact cells.

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

Acute effect of ACTH, aldosterone, sodium and potassium on parotid secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
W. A. Beall ◽  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The intravenous administration of 20 u of ACTH in a single injection alters the flow and composition of parotid saliva in the dog. The flow was increased 44%, sodium concentration 75% and the potassium concentration decreased 19%. These alterations do not occur in the adrenalectomized dog. Aldosterone increased the sodium concentration only 20%, decreased the potassium level 6.3% and had an insignificant influence on flow. The intravenous infusion of sodium decreases parotid flow whereas potassium increases it. It is concluded that these alterations represent a direct influence of the electrolytes on the gland since adrenalectomy has no influence on this response. It is suggested that parotid function is changed by the infusion of these electrolytes due to the alteration of the intra-extracellular gradients. The adrenal steroids may have a similar effect.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

Direct Effects of Adrenal Cortical Steroids on the Electrolyte Content of Rabbit Leucocytes

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laurence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Absolute Change ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reciprocal Change

Viable rabbit leucocytes have been obtained in quantities sufficient to permit direct chemical analyses of intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. Treatment in vitro either with cortisone (10 or 20 mg/l.) or with desoxycorticosterone glycoside (10–80 mg/l.) led to a fall in intracellular potassium concentration and a reciprocal rise in intracellular sodium. There was an associated rise in intracellular water. After cortisone, the absolute change in sodium concentration slightly exceeded the reciprocal change in potassium; after desoxycorticosterone glycoside, the reverse was true.

Purification and Properties of α-Aminoadipate Aminotransferase from Rat Liver and Kidney Mitochondria

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumalti R. Mawal ◽  
Arindam Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Devendra R. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals Two forms of aspartate aminotransferase in rat liver and kidney mitochondria

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Bhargava ◽  
A. Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Liver And Kidney

1. Butan-1-ol solubilizes that portion of rat liver mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) that cannot be solubilized by ultrasonics and other treatments. 2. A difference in electrophoretic mobilities, chromatographic behaviour and solubility characteristics between the enzymes solubilized by ultrasonic treatment and by butan-1-ol was observed, suggesting the occurrence of two forms of this enzyme in rat liver mitochondria. 3. Half the aspartate aminotransferase activity of rat kidney homogenate was present in a high-speed supernatant fraction, the remainder being in the mitochondria. 4. A considerable increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity was observed when kidney mitochondrial suspensions were treated with ultrasonics or detergents. 5. All the activity after maximum activation was recoverable in the supernatant after centrifugation at 105000g for 1hr. 6. The electrophoretic mobility of the kidney mitochondrial enzyme was cathodic and that of the supernatant enzyme anodic. 7. Cortisone administration increased the activities of both mitochondrial and supernatant aspartate aminotransferases of liver, but only that of the supernatant enzyme of kidney.

Inner Medullary Osmolality and Sodium Concentration are Decreased in Rats during Escape from DOCA-Induced Salt Retention

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Düsing ◽  
R. Wilke ◽  
A. Körber ◽  
D. Klingmüller ◽  
H. J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Papillary osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in rats during a control period and during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate and compared with the changes observed after acute frusemide injection. 2. During escape, papillary osmolality [554 ± 36 vs 754 ± 42 mmol/kg of papillary water (H2O), P<0.005] and papillary sodium concentration (131 ± 7 vs 182 ± 8 mmol/kg H2O, P<0.001) were significantly decreased as compared with the control values, while papillary potassium concentration remained unchanged. 3. Frusemide decreased papillary osmolality to 538 ±41 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.005), papillary sodium concentration to 125 ± 9 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.001) and papillary potassium concentration from 80 ± 2 to 69 ± 3 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.05). 4. The present results suggest that medullary portions of the distal tubule (probably the ascending loop of Henle) may represent one site of tubular sodium chloride rejection during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate.

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