Acute effect of ACTH, aldosterone, sodium and potassium on parotid secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
W. A. Beall ◽  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The intravenous administration of 20 u of ACTH in a single injection alters the flow and composition of parotid saliva in the dog. The flow was increased 44%, sodium concentration 75% and the potassium concentration decreased 19%. These alterations do not occur in the adrenalectomized dog. Aldosterone increased the sodium concentration only 20%, decreased the potassium level 6.3% and had an insignificant influence on flow. The intravenous infusion of sodium decreases parotid flow whereas potassium increases it. It is concluded that these alterations represent a direct influence of the electrolytes on the gland since adrenalectomy has no influence on this response. It is suggested that parotid function is changed by the infusion of these electrolytes due to the alteration of the intra-extracellular gradients. The adrenal steroids may have a similar effect.

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

Inhibition of aldosterone-induced antinatriuresis and kaliuresis by actinomycin D

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. F201-F204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Horisberger ◽  
J. Diezi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Term Response

The effects of actinomycin D on short-term response to aldosterone on sodium and potassium urinary excretion were investigated in adrenalectomized glucocorticoid-substituted anesthetized rats. Aldosterone alone (1 microgram/kg followed by sustained intravenous infusion of 1 microgram X kg-1 X h-1) entailed a simultaneous antinatriuretic and kaliuretic effect after a latent period of 30-60 min. Actinomycin D (300 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously 30 min before aldosterone inhibited both the aldosterone-induced kaliuresis and antinatriuresis and the concomitant changes in plasma potassium concentration. The administration of actinomycin D alone enhanced sodium excretion in the first hour and then induced kaliuresis. These results favor the hypothesis that mineralocorticoid effects of aldosterone on sodium and potassium excretion are closely linked and may be dependent on the same mechanisms.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

Direct Effects of Adrenal Cortical Steroids on the Electrolyte Content of Rabbit Leucocytes

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laurence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Absolute Change ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reciprocal Change

Viable rabbit leucocytes have been obtained in quantities sufficient to permit direct chemical analyses of intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. Treatment in vitro either with cortisone (10 or 20 mg/l.) or with desoxycorticosterone glycoside (10–80 mg/l.) led to a fall in intracellular potassium concentration and a reciprocal rise in intracellular sodium. There was an associated rise in intracellular water. After cortisone, the absolute change in sodium concentration slightly exceeded the reciprocal change in potassium; after desoxycorticosterone glycoside, the reverse was true.

Effect of x-irradiation on Na and K secretion by human parotid gland

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Awwad ◽  
Y. A. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
K Secretion ◽  
Potassium Secretion ◽  
Per Se

Experiments were carried out on 12 subjects to study the secretion of Na and K in the parotid saliva over secretory rates ranging from 0.06 to 2.2 ml/min. The possible effect of X-irradiation per se on such secretions was evaluated. Sodium concentration in saliva was linearly related to flow rate, whereas the potassium concentration was negatively correlated to salivary secretory rate. X-irradiation by itself did not influence the secretion of Na apart from its influence on flow rate. In the case of potassium, a significantly greater regression coefficient of potassium secretion per minute and flow rate was noted. This was associated with a significantly higher K/Na ratio in the saliva. Submitted on November 13, 1961

Inner Medullary Osmolality and Sodium Concentration are Decreased in Rats during Escape from DOCA-Induced Salt Retention

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Düsing ◽  
R. Wilke ◽  
A. Körber ◽  
D. Klingmüller ◽  
H. J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Papillary osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in rats during a control period and during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate and compared with the changes observed after acute frusemide injection. 2. During escape, papillary osmolality [554 ± 36 vs 754 ± 42 mmol/kg of papillary water (H2O), P<0.005] and papillary sodium concentration (131 ± 7 vs 182 ± 8 mmol/kg H2O, P<0.001) were significantly decreased as compared with the control values, while papillary potassium concentration remained unchanged. 3. Frusemide decreased papillary osmolality to 538 ±41 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.005), papillary sodium concentration to 125 ± 9 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.001) and papillary potassium concentration from 80 ± 2 to 69 ± 3 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.05). 4. The present results suggest that medullary portions of the distal tubule (probably the ascending loop of Henle) may represent one site of tubular sodium chloride rejection during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate.

The Composition of Haemolymth in Aquatic Insects

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. SUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Analyses were made of haemolymph obtained from aquatic representatives of nine major orders in the Insecta. 2. In the Odonata, Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Hemiptera-Heteroptera, the sodium concentration is relatively high and the potassium concentration is low. The chloride concentration is relatively high, but it never exceeds the sodium concentration. 3. In the Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera the sodium concentration is relatively high and the potassium concentration is low. In Nymphula nymphaeta (Lepidoptera) both the sodium and potassium concentrations are low. In all of these endopterygotes the chloride concentration is relatively low. 4. There is no correlation between diet and the sodium/potassium ratio in haemolymph of aquatic insects. 5. The problem of cation-anion balance is discussed. It is suggested that free amino acids contribute little to the anion pool. Bicarbonate and phosphate, largely as inorganic phosphate, contribute a small amount to the anion pool in exopterygotes. Phosphate contributes considerably more to the anion pool in some endopterygotes. Nevertheless, in all of the insects investigated, there is a deficit of anions. This deficit is usually greater in the endopterygotes. 6. The calculated osmotic activities of the known ions and free amino acids are less than the observed osmotic activities of haemolymph. It is inferred that non-amino organic acids must be present. Preliminary investigations indicate that non-amino acids are present in the concentrations required to account for both the osmotic and the anion deficits.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IONS ON THE IMPEDANCE CHANGE ACCOMPANYING THE SPIKE IN THE SQUID GIANT AXON

1953 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Grundfest ◽  
Abraham M. Shanes ◽  
Walter Freygang
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Squid Giant Axon ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Voltage Clamp Technique ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Identical Fashion

Decrease of the sodium concentration of the medium depresses both the spike and the associated impedance change in almost identical fashion. Elevation of the potassium level also depresses both phenomena, but affects the impedance change more than the spike; it slows the return to the initial impedance level. The effects on the threshold to brief square waves are also described. These results appear largely accounted for by the observations of Hodgkin and Huxley with the voltage clamp technique and by their recent hypothesis as to nature of the spike processes.

Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in the Endolymph and Perilymph of the Cat

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Makimoto ◽  
Herbert Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Flame Photometer ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Scala Vestibuli

Inner ear fluid from the scala vestibuli, scala tympani, scala media, utricle, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from 47 normal cats, and analyzed for sodium and potassium concentrations with a flame photometer. Each compartment was found to have its own different values for sodium and potassium concentration. Perilymph in the scala vestibuli possesses a lower sodium concentration than perilymph in the scala tympani; in potassium concentration the perilymph in the scala vestibuli shows a higher value than that of the scala tympani. Compared with cochlear endolymph, utricular endolymph contains a higher concentration of sodium and a lower concentration of potassium. These concentration differences, which are related to the characteristics of membrane transport in each compartment of inner ear fluid, are considered to be adequate to sustain normal biological conditions of the inner ear.

scholarly journals Muzzle Secretion Electrolytes as a Possible Indicator of Sodium Status in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves: Effects of Sodium Depletion and Aldosterone Administration

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
S Kumar ◽  
SP Singh
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Level ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Sodium Deficiency ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

In two separate experiments, the effects of sodium depletion and aldosterone administration on sodium and potassium concentrations in muzzle secretion, saliva and urine were studied in buffalo calves. Sodium deficiency in the animals was experimentally produced by unilateral parotid saliva deprivation for 18 days. During sodium depletion, the sodium levels in saliva and muzzle secretion gradually fell while the potassium level gradually rose. The concentrations of both of these cations in urine gradually fell during the course of sodium depletion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document