Direct Effects of Adrenal Cortical Steroids on the Electrolyte Content of Rabbit Leucocytes

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laurence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Absolute Change ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reciprocal Change

Viable rabbit leucocytes have been obtained in quantities sufficient to permit direct chemical analyses of intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. Treatment in vitro either with cortisone (10 or 20 mg/l.) or with desoxycorticosterone glycoside (10–80 mg/l.) led to a fall in intracellular potassium concentration and a reciprocal rise in intracellular sodium. There was an associated rise in intracellular water. After cortisone, the absolute change in sodium concentration slightly exceeded the reciprocal change in potassium; after desoxycorticosterone glycoside, the reverse was true.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition and brain electrolyte composition

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Koch ◽  
Dixon M. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Intracellular Sodium Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration

The effects of acetazolamide on cellular electrolyte composition and acid-base status in the brain of rats were compared with the effects of carbon dioxide and diphenylhydantoin. In addition, the effects of acetazolamide on radiosodium turnover in the brain was determined. Acetazolamide decreased intracellular sodium concentration, increased intracellular potassium concentration, and had little effect on intracellular pH. The drug reduced the rate of turnover of radiosodium in the brain. The observations that acetazolamide reduced intracellular sodium concentration and reduced the rate of sodium turnover are interpreted to indicate that the drug decreases the permeability of the neuronal membrane to sodium ion. The reduction in permeability of the neuronal membrane to sodium ion is considered to be a possible mechanism for the anticonvulsant action of this agent.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

Acute effect of ACTH, aldosterone, sodium and potassium on parotid secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
W. A. Beall ◽  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The intravenous administration of 20 u of ACTH in a single injection alters the flow and composition of parotid saliva in the dog. The flow was increased 44%, sodium concentration 75% and the potassium concentration decreased 19%. These alterations do not occur in the adrenalectomized dog. Aldosterone increased the sodium concentration only 20%, decreased the potassium level 6.3% and had an insignificant influence on flow. The intravenous infusion of sodium decreases parotid flow whereas potassium increases it. It is concluded that these alterations represent a direct influence of the electrolytes on the gland since adrenalectomy has no influence on this response. It is suggested that parotid function is changed by the infusion of these electrolytes due to the alteration of the intra-extracellular gradients. The adrenal steroids may have a similar effect.

Corticosteroids and incorporation of C14-phenylalanine into protein of isolated rat diaphragm

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira G. Wool ◽  
Edward I. Weinshelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Phenylalanine Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Potassium ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Isolated Rat

Prior treatment of rats with cortisone (2 mg/day) decreased l-phenylalanine-U-C14 incorporation into protein of isolated diaphragm. This action was not affected by a 100-fold change in the phenylalanine concentration, indicating that the steroid depresses protein biosynthesis in muscle. Hydrocortisone (50 µg/ml) added in vitro did not alter C14-phenylalanine incorporation. Large changes in intracellular potassium concentration were without influence on phenylalanine incorporation into protein of diaphragms from normal, adrenalectomized or cortisone-treated rats.

Effect of Extracellular Potassium on the Transport of Sodium and Potassium in Rat Thymocytes

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Jones ◽  
J. Patrick ◽  
P. J. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Potassium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Extracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
External Potassium ◽  
Potassium Influx ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. The effect of extracellular potassium on the transport of sodium and potassium in rat thymocytes has been studied in vitro. 2. A significant increase in the rate constant for total and ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was demonstrated at an extracellular potassium concentration of 1 mmol/l as compared with that at either 0 or 2 mmol/l. 3. At potassium concentrations below 3 mmol/l ouabain-sensitive sodium influx was observed suggesting sodium-sodium exchange catalysed by the sodium pump. 4. Both total and ouabain-insensitive potassium efflux rose with external potassium. A small ouabain-sensitive potassium efflux was observed at all levels of external potassium studied. 5. Total and ouabain-insensitive potassium influx increased with external potassium, but did not appear to saturate. Ouabain-sensitive potassium influx reached a maximum at an external potassium concentration of 2 mmol/l then decreased with increasing external potassium.

Inner Medullary Osmolality and Sodium Concentration are Decreased in Rats during Escape from DOCA-Induced Salt Retention

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Düsing ◽  
R. Wilke ◽  
A. Körber ◽  
D. Klingmüller ◽  
H. J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Papillary osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in rats during a control period and during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate and compared with the changes observed after acute frusemide injection. 2. During escape, papillary osmolality [554 ± 36 vs 754 ± 42 mmol/kg of papillary water (H2O), P<0.005] and papillary sodium concentration (131 ± 7 vs 182 ± 8 mmol/kg H2O, P<0.001) were significantly decreased as compared with the control values, while papillary potassium concentration remained unchanged. 3. Frusemide decreased papillary osmolality to 538 ±41 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.005), papillary sodium concentration to 125 ± 9 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.001) and papillary potassium concentration from 80 ± 2 to 69 ± 3 mmol/kg H2O (P<0.05). 4. The present results suggest that medullary portions of the distal tubule (probably the ascending loop of Henle) may represent one site of tubular sodium chloride rejection during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate.

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