Cause of hypoglycemia in dogs exposed to heat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Respiratory Apparatus

When unanesthetized dogs are exposed to heat (120°F) for 4 hr. with no water available for drinking, hypoglycemia results. One would expect that the dehydration, which also occurs, should physically cause an increase in blood glucose concentration as is usually found in man. The tendency is present in dogs but the utilization of glucose is sufficiently rapid to offset the hemoconcentration and cause a fall in glucose levels even when exogenous glucose is given at the rate of 1% body wt/hr. of 11% glucose by stomach tube. This increased utilization has been demonstrated to be mainly due to involvement of the respiratory muscles which are used in the panting mechanism for no fall in blood glucose occurs under similar conditions when the animal is curarized. The evidence indicates that the hypoglycemic mechanism present in dogs is not a species phenomenon but is probably also present in man under appropriate conditions. In both man and the dog whether hypoglycemia occurs will depend upon the degree of involvement of the respiratory apparatus.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Prior Initiation of Breast Feeding on Blood Glucose Levels in Neonates Born In a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Rizwan-U- Zama ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqa ◽  
A.N. Thobbi ◽  
Tehseen Sajid Mudhol ◽  
R Shruthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Hypoglycemia is the most common event of failure of metabolic adjustments in the newborn. Changes in maternal and fetal monitoring techniques, administration of glucose-containing solutions during labor, delivery and early feeding in neonates significantly alter blood glucose concentrations during the first week of postnatal life. Subjects and Methods: A total of 90 healthy (60 born by FTND, 30 born by LSCS) term, AGA infants were longitudinally evaluated at birth, at one hour after feeds (post feed), and after 6 hours of life. Plasma glucose was estimated from Heel Prick capillary samples by glucometer method. The influence of mode of delivery, the interval between feeds, sex, birth weight, on blood glucose was analyzed. Results: The way of delivery did not affect the plasma glucose concentration in neonates. There was a substantial increase in blood glucose concentration after the first feed irrespective of their birth weight. It was found that female babies had a higher blood glucose concentration than male babies during our study period. All babies maintained normal blood glucose with the continuation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Plasma glucose levels are satisfactorily maintained in healthy term infants without resort to pre-lacteal feeds and mode of delivery did not influence plasma glucose. There is no need to check blood glucose levels routinely in an asymptomatic, healthy, term, breastfed infants.

scholarly journals THE POST-MORTEM EVALUATION OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD AND ITS DIAGNOSTICAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė Lukočiūtė ◽  
Karolina Ginčienė ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Jurgita Stasiūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction:  Hyperglycemia is a consequence of uncontrolled diabetes and over a long period of time can lead to serious violations of the various systems of the body. In daily clinical practice, glucose level in blood and glycated hemoglobin are major and frequently used worldwide laboratory findings for the diagnosis of glucose metabolism disorders. In forensic medicine, the diagnostic value of post-mortem blood glucose levels is questionable because of its significant and rapid variation after death. Our research was aimed to analyse glucose concentration in blood after death and to estimate its diagnostic value. Methods: Data analysis of the State Forensic Medicine Service (SFMS) of Vilnius region of sudden death cases was performed. 238 autopsy findings were analysed. A retrospective analysis was performed using the R commander program. Results: The analysis included 238 individuals, 161 (67.6%) were men and 77 (32.4%) women. Mean age was 52.28 ± 15.45 yeras. Mean  alcohol level in blood was 2.257 ± 1.482 g/L. Mean post-mortem glucose concentration in blood was 6.716 ± 5.800 mmol/l. The lowest glucose concentration was 0.600 mmol/l and the highest - 33.300 mmol/l. There were no significant glycemia level difference between men and women (p = 0.279). In 6 cases, glucose concentrations were compared before and after death. The difference in blood glucose was insignificant (p = 0.90). There was no strong correlation between ethyl alcohol and glucose concentration (r = 0.037, p = 0.667). There was a weak correlation between age and blood glucose concentration (r = 0.03, p = 0.639). Conclusions: According to SFMS autopsy data, post-mortem glucose levels remain within the normal values. Evaluation of glucose after death remains a valuable diagnostic criterion for sudden death due to hyperglycaemia, when the hyperglycaemic episode is first and fatal to the subject.

Analysis of ultrasonically extracted interstitial fluid as a predictor of blood glucose levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Mitragotri ◽  
Matthew Coleman ◽  
Joseph Kost ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Transdermal extraction of clinically relevant analytes offers a potentially noninvasive method of diagnostics. However, development of such a method is limited by the low permeability of skin. In this paper, we present a potential method for noninvasive diagnostics based on ultrasonic skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin using vacuum. ISF extracted by this method was collected and analyzed for glucose and other analytes. Glucose concentration in the extracted fluid correlates well with blood glucose concentration over a range of 50–250 mg/dl. A mathematical model describing vacuum-induced transport of ISF through ultrasonically permeabilized skin is presented as well. The model accounts for convective, as well as diffusive, transport processes across blood capillaries, epidermis, and the stratum corneum. The overall predictions of the model compare favorably with the experimental observations.

scholarly journals Blood Glucose Concentration after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Influences Functional Neurological Recovery in Human Cardiac Arrest Survivors

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Müllner ◽  
Fritz Sterz ◽  
Michael Binder ◽  
Wolfgang Schreiber ◽  
Alexander Deimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Poor Neurological Outcome ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Experimental data suggest that postischemic blood glucose concentration plays an important role in modulating both ischemic cerebral infarction and selective neuronal necrosis. This study investigated the association between functional neurological recovery and blood glucose concentrations in human cardiac arrest survivors. A group of 145 nondiabetic patients were evaluated after witnessed ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Data regarding cardiac arrest were collected according to an internationally accepted protocol immediately after arrival. Blood glucose was measured on admission and 6, 12, and 24 h thereafter. To control for duration of cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock, both known to influence outcome as well as blood glucose, levels, Spearman rank partial correlation was used. In this multivariate analysis, a high admission blood glucose level tended to be associated with poor neurological outcome ( rs = −0.16, n = 142, p = 0.06). The association between high median blood glucose levels over 24 h and poor neurological outcome was strong and statistically significant ( rs = −0.2, n = 145, p = 0.015). High blood glucose concentrations occurring over the first 24 h after cardiac arrest have deleterious effects on functional neurological recovery. Whether cardiac arrest survivors might benefit from reduction of blood glucose levels needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in non-obese clinical patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Chander Jeet Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Tolerance

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, fifteen out of the 19 patients who developed hypoglycaemia on the fasts during MT were re-tested 3 to 4 months after cessation of therapy. Fasting tolerance had improved in all of them. It had become normal in 10 out of 15 patients (67%). In 5 patients, blood glucose levels still fell below 2.7 mmol/l (range 2.0 to 2.6 mmol/l) after 16 hours of fasting. However, none had any symptoms. Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis

scholarly journals Effects of dietary manipulations and glucose infusion on glucagon response during exercise in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Tadjoré ◽  
Raynald Bergeron ◽  
Martin Latour ◽  
François Désy ◽  
Claude Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Period

Tadjoré, Maurice, Raynald Bergeron, Martin Latour, François Désy, Claude Warren, and Jean-Marc Lavoie.Effects of dietary manipulations and glucose infusion on glucagon response during exercise in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 148–152, 1997.—The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that blood glucose concentration is not always related to glucagon response during exercise. Three groups of rats were submitted to a prolonged (3-h) swimming exercise. Two groups of rats had their normal food intake restricted by 50% the night before the experiment. One of these two groups of rats was intravenously infused with glucose throughout exercise to maintain euglycemia. The third group of rats swam while under normal dietary conditions. Plasma glucose, sampled in arterial blood, was reduced ( P < 0.05) at 75, 105, 150, and 170 min of exercise (from ∼130 to 110 mg/dl) in the food-restricted animals without glucose infusion, whereas a significant ( P < 0.05) increase was measured in the two other groups during exercise. A significant ( P < 0.01) difference in the mean integrated areas under the glucose-concentration curve was found only between the fed and the two food-restricted groups. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased ( P < 0.05) similarly in all groups during exercise, whereas plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly ( P < 0.01) in all groups. Despite differences between groups in plasma glucose response during exercise, and despite the absence of any decrease in exercising blood glucose levels in at least two of the three groups, plasma glucagon responses were increased ( P < 0.05) similarly in all groups (from ∼250 to 550 pg/ml) at the end of the exercise period. The increase in glucagon was significant after 90 min of exercise in the food-restricted groups, with or without glucose infusion, but only after 140 min in the fed group. These results indicate that the glucagon response during exercise is not always linked to the decrease in plasma glucose.

Dispositivo de Monitoreo de Glucosa en Sangre No Invasivo mediante Infrarrojo Cercano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
G. Silos Chincoya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Concentration Levels

This researching study aims to report the development of a prototype device that may provide the estimation of the blood glucose concentration levels non-invasively using near-infrared transmission spectroscopy techniques. The system works in three stages: signal acquisition, calibration, and estimation of blood glucose concentration levels. The acquisition of the signal used an optical sensor based on a transimpedance circuit to obtain the different intensity changes of the emitting source in terms of voltage. The calibration of the proposed device was carried out taking as reference, the values of a commercial device that performs invasive blood glucose monitoring, with the aim of obtaining greater precision. In the last stage, the Lambert-Beer Law is mainly used to estimate glucose concentration. The proposed device presents a relationship between optical signals and variations in blood glucose levels with an accuracy of 90% in average which is statistically representative considering the class of non-invasive technology used for developing the proposed device.

scholarly journals Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in obese clinical patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Chander Jeet Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, the threshold for symptoms of hyperglycemia is on average a blood glucose level of 3.0 mmol/l Mitrakou reported autonomic symptoms of hyperglycemia to begin at a blood glucose level of 3.2 mmol/l, and deterioration in cognitive function tests at a level of 2.7 mmo/l. When sensory evoked potentials were measured in relation to blood glucose concentrations in infants and children with episodes of hyperglycemia, abnormalities were noted at blood glucose levels less than 2.6 mmol/l. Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis. 

Octopine metabolism in Sepia officinalis: effect of hypoxia and metabolite loads on the blood levels of octopine and related compounds

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2331-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Storey ◽  
Janet M. Storey ◽  
Kjell Johansen ◽  
Peter W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Related Compounds

Male Sepia officinalis were subjected to hypoxia and the concentrations of blood metabolites were measured during stress and recovery. Blood octopine levels were elevated during hypoxia, whereas blood glucose concentration declined. During recovery, octopine was rapidly cleared from the blood while blood glucose concentration increased, initially overshooting the control level, before returning to prehypoxia levels.The clearance of an octopine bolus (300 μmol given intravenously) from the blood was followed. Octopine uptake from the blood was correlated with a transient rise in blood glucose concentration. Injection of an arginine bolus resulted in an increase in blood octopine levels, whereas a lactate bolus led to elevated blood glucose and octopine levels.The data show that octopine concentration in cephalopod blood is modulated in response to physiological stress and that octopine metabolism is closely integrated with the metabolism of glucose, arginine, and lactate. It is suggested that the octopine produced during glycolytic muscular work is transported via the bloodstream for use as an aerobic substrate in other tissues. The inverse relationship between blood octopine and glucose levels suggests the presence of a modified "Cori cycle" in which octopine released from muscle can be taken up by tissues capable of utilizing the compound as a gluconeogenic substrate.

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