Aortic depressor fibers in the rat: an electrophysiological study

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Moacyr Krieger ◽  
Ricardo Francisco Marseillan
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Aortic Nerve ◽  
Msec Duration ◽  
The Right

In 51 rats the distribution of the aortic depressor fibers which travel in the cervical region with the vagus, sympathetic, laryngeal, or as a separate aortic nerve was investigated by recording the action potential or by stimulating these nerves. A separate aortic depressor nerve was found in only 20% of the rats on the left side and in 5% on the right side. In these animals no depressor fibers were identified in the sympathetic trunk but the laryngeal nerves usually still exhibited depressor fiber activity. In those rats with no separate aortic depressor nerve the aortic fibers were present almost equally in the sympathetic trunk and laryngeal nerves, and on both sides of the neck. Only exceptionally was depressor activity found in the vagus trunk, and stimulation elicited depressor instead of pressor effects in 2 out of 12 rats. Optimal stimuli for obtaining hypotensive effects from the aortic depressor fibers were 80–150 per frequency and 1–2-msec duration.

scholarly journals Cervical Sympathetic Trunk-Centered Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Complicated with Postoperative First Bite Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Serum Igg4 ◽  
Postoperative Serum ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Bite Syndrome

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) in the head and neck region are common, but those with sympathetic trunk involvement are extremely rare. Here we present a case of cervical sympathetic trunk-centered IMT which is also accompanied by ipsilateral carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve involvement. The patient initially complained of an episodic painful swelling on the right side of the neck and underwent surgery. Preoperative and postoperative serum IgG4 level during 3-year follow-up time is within normal limits. Immunohistochemical study of the tumor has also revealed negativity to IgG4. Postoperative first bite syndrome (FBS) was observed. Surgery seems to be first-line therapy in the patient with IgG4-negative IMT.

I(to) and action potential notch are smaller in left vs. right canine ventricular epicardium

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H548-H561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Di Diego ◽  
Z. Q. Sun ◽  
C. Antzelevitch
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Transient Outward Current ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Chloride Channel Blocker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Basic Cycle Length

Transmural heterogeneities of repolarizing currents underlie prominent differences in the electrophysiology and pharmacology of ventricular epicardial, endocardial, and M cells in a number of species. The degree to which heterogeneities exist between the right and left ventricles is not well appreciated. The present study uses standard microelectrode and whole cell patch-clamp techniques to contrast the electrophysiological characteristics and pharmacological responsiveness of tissues and myocytes isolated from right (RVE) and left canine ventricular epicardium (LVE). RVE and LVE studied under nearly identical conditions displayed major differences in the early repolarizing phases of the action potential. The magnitude of phase 1 in RVE was nearly threefold that in LVE: 28.7 +/- 6.2 vs. 10.6 +/- 4.1 mV (basic cycle length = 2,000 ms). Phase 1 in RVE was also more sensitive to alterations of the stimulation rate and to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), suggesting a much greater contribution of the transient outward current (I(to) 1) in RVE than in LVE. The combination of 4-AP plus ryanodine, low chloride, or 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (chloride channel blocker) completely eliminated the notch and all rate dependence of the early phases of the action potential, making RVE and LVE indistinguishable. At +70 mV, RVE myocytes displayed peak I(to) 1 densities between 28 and 37 pA/pF. LVE myocytes included cells with similar I(to) 1 densities (thought to represent subsurface cells) but also cells with much smaller current levels (thought to represent surface cells). Average peak I(to) 1 density was significantly smaller in LVE than in RVE at voltages more than or equal to +10 mV. Our data point to prominent differences in the magnitude of the I(to) 1-mediated action potential notch in cells at the surface of RVE compared with the LVE and suggest that important distinctions may exist in the response of these two tissues to pharmacological agents and pathophysiological states, as previously demonstrated for epicardium and endocardium. Our findings also suggest that a calcium-activated outward current contributes to the early repolarization phase in RVE and LVE and that the influence of this current, although small, is more important in the left ventricle.

Non-contact mapping and ablation of tachycardia originating in the right ventricular outflow tract

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Paul ◽  
Andrew T. D. Blaufox ◽  
J. Philip Saul
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Contact Mapping ◽  
The Right ◽  
Endocardial Activation

We performed an electrophysiological study, using non-contact mapping, in an 8-year-old girl weighing 39.9 kg who had suffered recurrent symptomatic episodes of exercise-induced non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Color-coded isopotential maps of the ventricular tachycardia identified the area of earliest endocardial activation high and anterior in the right ventricular outflow tract. Although partial deflation of the balloon was required to position the ablation catheter at the earliest site of activation, this site was still identified accurately, as demonstrated by termination of the ventricular tachycardia and ectopy upon mechanical pressure, as well as application of radiofrequency current.In this young patient, precise mapping of the earliest endocardial activation using the non-contact mapping system was safe and effective, allowing successful radiofrequency ablation of the tachycardia.

Central command blunts the baroreflex bradycardia to aortic nerve stimulation at the onset of voluntary static exercise in cats

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H516-H526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Komine ◽  
Kanji Matsukawa ◽  
Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi ◽  
Jun Murata
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Central Command ◽  
Static Exercise ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Central Inhibition ◽  
Cardiac Component ◽  
The Right

To examine whether the central characteristics of the aortic baroreflex alter from moment to moment during static exercise, we identified the dynamic changes in the sizes of the bradycardia and depressor response evoked by stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN). Three conscious cats were trained to voluntarily extend the right forelimb and press a bar for 31 ± 1 s with a peak force of 337 ± 22 g while maintaining a sitting posture. The ADN stimulation-induced bradycardia was attenuated at the initial period of exercise (up to 8 s from the exercise onset) to 62 ± 5% of the preexercise bradycardia and remained blunted until the end of exercise. The most blunted bradycardia was observed immediately before or when the forelimb was extended before force development. The baroreflex-induced bradycardia was suppressed again at cessation of exercise when the forelimb was retracted and recovered within a few seconds. In contrast, static exercise did not affect the ADN stimulation-induced depressor response. The ADN stimulation-induced bradycardia was also blunted at the beginning of naturally occurring body movement such as spontaneous postural change or grooming behavior. Thus it is likely that the central characteristics of the aortic baroreflex dynamically change from moment to moment during voluntary static exercise and during natural body movement and that particularly a central inhibition of the cardiac component of the aortic baroreflex is induced by central command at the onset of static exercise, whereas the central property of the vasomotor component of the baroreflex is preserved.

scholarly journals Morphology of sympathetic chain in Saguinus niger

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
MARINA P.E. PINTO ◽  
ÉRIKA BRANCO ◽  
EMERSON T. FIORETTO ◽  
LUIZA C. PEREIRA ◽  
ANA R. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Sympathetic Chain ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Mesenteric Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cranial Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Position

Saguinus niger popularly known as Sauim, is a Brazilian North primate. Sympathetic chain investigation would support traumatic and/or cancer diagnosis which are little described in wild animals. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and distribution of sympathetic chain in order to supply knowledge for neurocomparative research. Three female young animals that came death by natural causes were investigated. Animals were fixed in formaldehyde 10% and dissected along the sympathetic chain in neck, thorax and abdomen. Cranial cervical ganglion was located at the level of carotid bifurcation, related to carotid internal artery. In neck basis the vagosympathetic trunk divides into the sympathetic trunk and the parasympathetic vagal nerve. Sympathetic trunk ran in dorsal position and originated the stellate ganglia, formed by the fusion of caudal cervical and first thoracic ganglia. Vagal trunk laid ventrally to heart and formed the cardiac plexus. In abdomen, on the right side, were found the celiac ganglion and cranial mesenteric ganglion; in the left side these ganglia were fusioned into the celiac-mesenteric ganglion displaced closely to the celiac artery. In both sides, the caudal mesenteric ganglion was located near to the caudal mesenteric artery.

Anatomical location of T2–3 sympathetic trunk and Kuntz nerve determined by transthoracic endoscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeou-Chih Wang ◽  
Ming-Hsi Sun ◽  
Chi-Wen Lin ◽  
Yen-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Rib Head ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Bilateral subaxillary transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) is a popular procedure of upper thoracic sympathectomy. The anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, as viewed under the endoscope, are varied in the rib head areas. In this study, the authors investigated the more visible anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, the so-called nerves of Kuntz, and intercostal rami by performing transthoracic endoscopy. Methods. Seventy patients with palmar hyperhidrosis undergoing bilateral TES (140 sides) via the anterior subaxillary approach were included in this study. The operative findings and video images of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks and ganglia were recorded and analyzed. The anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks along the horizontal axes of the rib heads were determined using a three-region system constructed by the authors. The area between the rib neck and the medial border of the rib head was equally divided into Region E (external half) and Region M (medial half). The area between the medial border of the rib head and the paravertebral ligament was defined as Region I. The incidence of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks found in Regions E, M, and I were 31.4 to 42.9%, 50 to 57.1%, and 7.1 to 11.4%, respectively, on the left side, and 24.3 to 34.3%, 57.1 to 65.7%, and 8.6 to 10%, respectively, on the right side. One right (1.4%) and six left (8.6%) Kuntz nerves originating from the T-3 sympathetic trunk were found in seven patients (10%). The intercostal ramus was found around the T-2 rib neck in 24 patients (34.3%), with 18 cases (25.7%) for each side. The intercostal ramus around the T-3 rib neck was found in 17 patients (24.3%): 12 (17.1%) on the right and nine (12.9%) on the left. Conclusions. These results indicate that approximately 90% of the T-2 or T-3 sympathetic trunks are located on the rib head. These findings may also be used to assist the surgeon in fluoroscopic guidance for locating the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks during posterior percutaneous sympathectomy.

Dynamic transduction properties of in situ baroreceptors of rabbit aortic depressor nerve

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. H358-H365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sato ◽  
Toru Kawada ◽  
Toshiaki Shishido ◽  
Hiroshi Miyano ◽  
Masashi Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Made In

We developed a new method for isolating in situ baroreceptor regions of the rabbit aortic depressor nerve (ADN) and estimated the transfer function from pressure to afferent nerve activity in the frequency range of 0.01–5 Hz by a white noise technique. Complete isolation of the baroreceptor area of the right ADN was made in situ by ligation of the innominate artery and the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. We altered the pressure in the isolated baroreceptor area according to a binary quasi-white noise between 80 and 100 mmHg in 12 urethan-anesthetized rabbits. The gain increased two to three times as the frequency of pressure perturbation increased from 0.01 to 2 Hz and then decreased at higher frequencies. The phase slightly led below 0.2 Hz. The squared coherence value was >0.8 in the frequency range of 0.01–4 Hz. The step responses estimated from the transfer function were indistinguishable from those actually observed. We conclude that the baroreceptor transduction of the ADN is governed by linear dynamics under the physiological operating pressure range.

Effects of extracellular ATP on ICa, [Ca2+]i, and contraction in isolated ferret ventricular myocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. C702-C708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Qu ◽  
H. M. Himmel ◽  
D. L. Campbell ◽  
H. C. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Extracellular Atp ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
The Right

The effects of extracellular ATP on the voltage-activated "L-type" Ca current (ICa), action potential, resting and transient intracellular Ca2+ levels, and cell contraction were examined in enzymatically isolated myocytes from the right ventricles of ferrets. With the use of the whole cell patch-clamp technique, extracellular ATP (10(-7) to 10(-3) M) inhibited ICa in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. ATP decreased the peak amplitude of ICa without altering the residual current at the end of 500-ms clamp steps. The concentration-response relationship for ATP inhibition of ICa was well described by a conventional Michaelis-Menten relationship with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1 microM and a maximal effect of 50%. Consistent with its inhibitory effect on ICa, ATP hyperpolarized the plateau phase and shortened the action potential duration. In fura-2-loaded myocytes, extracellular ATP did not change the resting myoplasmic Ca2+ levels; however, when current was elicited under voltage-clamp conditions, ATP both decreased the myoplasmic intracellular Ca2+ transient and inhibited the degree of cell shortening. Our results suggest that ATP could be a genuine and potent extracellular modulator of cardiac function in ferret ventricular myocardium.

Reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. H870-H875
Author(s):  
D. E. Euler ◽  
B. Olshansky ◽  
S. Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Occlusion ◽  
Monophasic Action Potential ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Vagal Control ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atrial Repolarization

The reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization was investigated in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs. A monophasic action potential was recorded from the right atrium, and the action potential duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was determined every cardiac cycle. beta-Adrenergic receptors were blocked with timolol (0.1 mg/kg). Under baseline conditions, sinus slowing during sinus arrhythmia was accompanied by a significant shortening of APD90 (24 +/- 4.0 ms). Transient occlusion (30 s) of the descending thoracic aorta increased systolic aortic pressure from 138 +/- 2.8 to 181 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.01). Heart rate decreased from 99 +/- 3.6 to 42.5 +/- 3.4 beats/min (P < 0.01), and APD90 shortened from 168 +/- 5.1 to 94 +/- 3.3 ms (P < 0.01). Release of the occlusion caused arterial hypotension (95 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and an overshoot in both rate (126 +/- 5.2 beats/min) and APD90 (189 +/- 2.3 ms). Aortic occlusion during atrial pacing (130-160 beats/min) decreased APD90 from 147 +/- 7.0 to 78 +/- 3.4 ms (P < 0.01). Cervical vagotomy or atropine eliminated changes in rate and APD90 evoked by aortic occlusion. The results indicate that there is parallel central vagal control of both sinus rate and atrial repolarization. Sinus bradycardia during reflex vagal activation does not prevent the acceleration of atrial repolarization.

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