Effect of acetazolamide on citrate excretion in the dog

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

Clearance measurements were made on dogs in order to study the mechanism of the effect of acetazolamide on citrate excretion. Induction of metabolic alkalosis resulted in a marked rise in citrate clearance despite treatment with acetazolamide. Measurement of citrate clearances in alkalotic animals before and after acetazolamide infusion showed either no change or an increase in citrate clearance. No evidence was found that acetazolamide decreases citrate excretion when acidosis is prevented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in citrate clearance after acetazolamide administration are entirely secondary to changes in acid-base balance.

Influence of plasma bicarbonate concentration and pH on citrate excretion

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Base Balance

Citrate excretion has been studied in dogs under various conditions of acid-base balance in order to determine which factors are responsible for the increased citrate clearance present in metabolic alkalosis. A close relationship, significantly modified by systemic pH, was found between plasma bicarbonate concentration and citrate clearance. In the presence of an alkaline plasma pH, there was a linear relationship between changes in plasma bicarbonate concentration and changes in citrate clearance. Other experiments also demonstrated the influence of plasma bicarbonate concentration on citrate clearance at alkaline pH. Under acidotic conditions citrate clearances were low and changes in plasma bicarbonate concentration had little effect on citrate excretion. A change in plasma pH from an acidotic to an alkalotic state, with a constant plasma bicarbonate concentration, produced an increase in citrate clearance. Thus the coexistence in metabolic alkalosis of high plasma bicarbonate concentration and high plasma pH results in a markedly increased citrate clearance.

scholarly journals Effect of Simulated Matches on Post-Exercise Biochemical Parameters in Women’s Indoor and Beach Handball

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Joanna Kamińska ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Jakub Kryściak ◽  
Maciej Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

This study assesses the status of hydration and the acid-base balance in female handball players in the Polish Second League before and after simulated matches in both indoor (hall) and beach (outdoor) conditions. The values of biochemical indicators useful for describing water-electrolyte management, such as osmolality, hematocrit, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and magnesium, were determined in the players’ fingertip capillary blood. Furthermore, the blood parameters of the acid-base balance were analysed, including pH, standard base excess, lactate and bicarbonate ion concentration. Additionally, the pH and specific gravity of the players’ urine were determined. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. It was found that both indoor and beach simulated matches caused post-exercise changes in the biochemical profiles of the players’ blood and urine in terms of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Interestingly, the location of a simulated match (indoors vs. beach) had a statistically significant effect on only two of the parameters measured post-exercise: concentration of calcium ions (lower indoors) and urine pH (lower on the beach). A single simulated game, regardless of its location, directly affected the acid-base balance and, to a smaller extent, the water-electrolyte balance, depending mostly on the time spent physically active during the match.

scholarly journals Effects of a new intravenous electrolyte solution for veterinary therapy on the electrolyte and acid-base balances of healthy horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira ◽  
José Antonio Bessegatto ◽  
Gabriela de Castro Bregadioli ◽  
Stéfany Lia Oliveira Camilo ◽  
Nathali Adrielli Agassi de Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Clinical Changes

ABSTRACT: The effects of a new intravenous electrolyte solution for veterinary therapy on electrolyte and acid-base balances of horses were evaluated, assessing the potential of the use of this solution as a rational alternative in fluid therapy. Eight healthy adult horses, including 4 males and 4 females, received two treatments in a cross-over design: isotonic saline solution (IS) and a test solution (TS) containing 145mEq of Na+, 5mEq of K+, 4mEq of Ca++, 2mEq of Mg++, 96mEq of Cl-, 60mEq of lactate, 50g of dextrose, and 4mg of cyanocobalamin per liter. Solutions were IV infused in a volume corresponding to 5% of BW, over 3 hours. Venous blood samples were taken 5 times before and after the infusion (at 0, 3, 6, 9 e 24h), for pHv, pCO2v, HCO3 -v, BEv, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, Ca, P, Mg, glucose and L-lactate measurements, and AG and SID calculations. The data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. The IS caused mild acidifying effect by increasing Cl- and decreasing plasma SID. In contrast, the TS induced mild and transient hypochloremia without changes in acid-base balance. Hyperglycemia was present at the end of the TS infusion and reversed 6 hours later. The horses did not exhibit any clinical changes. We concluded that TS is an option for fluid therapy in horses.

The use of elements of the Stewart model (Strong Ion Approach) for the diagnostics of respiratory acidosis on the basis of the calculation of a value of a modified anion gap (AGm) in brachycephalic dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sławuta ◽  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
A. Cekiera
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractApart from the HH equation, the acid-base balance of an organism is also described by the Stewart model, which assumes that the proper insight into the ABB of the organism is given by an analysis of: pCO2, the difference of concentrations of strong cations and anions in the blood serum – SID, and the total concentration of nonvolatile weak acids – Acid total. The notion of an anion gap (AG), or the apparent lack of ions, is closely related to the acid-base balance described according to the HH equation. Its value mainly consists of negatively charged proteins, phosphates, and sulphates in blood. In the human medicine, a modified anion gap is used, which, including the concentration of the protein buffer of blood, is, in fact, the combination of the apparent lack of ions derived from the classic model and the Stewart model. In brachycephalic dogs, respiratory acidosis often occurs, which is caused by an overgrowth of the soft palate, making it impossible for a free air flow and causing an increase in pCO2– carbonic acid anhydride The aim of the present paper was an attempt to answer the question whether, in the case of systemic respiratory acidosis, changes in the concentration of buffering ions can also be seen. The study was carried out on 60 adult dogs of boxer breed in which, on the basis of the results of endoscopic examination, a strong overgrowth of the soft palate requiring a surgical correction was found. For each dog, the value of the anion gap before and after the palate correction procedure was calculated according to the following equation: AG = ([Na+mmol/l] + [K+mmol/l]) – ([Cl−mmol/l]+[HCO3−mmol/l]) as well as the value of the modified AG – according to the following equation: AGm= calculated AG + 2.5 × (albuminsr– albuminsd). The values of AG calculated for the dogs before and after the procedure fell within the limits of the reference values and did not differ significantly whereas the values of AGmcalculated for the dogs before and after the procedure differed from each other significantly. Conclusions: 1) On the basis of the values of AGmobtained it should be stated that in spite of finding respiratory acidosis in the examined dogs, changes in ion concentration can also be seen, which, according to the Stewart theory, compensate metabolic ABB disorders 2) In spite of the fact that all the values used for calculation of AGmwere within the limits of reference values, the values of AGmin dogs before and after the soft palate correction procedure differed from each other significantly, which proves high sensitivity and usefulness of the AGmcalculation as a diagnostic method.

Quantitative analysis of acid–base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. AGUILERA-TEJERO ◽  
J.C. ESTEPA ◽  
I. LÓPEZ ◽  
S. BAS ◽  
R. MAYER-VALOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

Effects of Acute Changes in Acid-Base Balance on Renal Calcium Excretion in Dogs

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy James Williamson ◽  
Smith Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acute Changes

The effects of acute disturbances in acid-base balance on renal cation excretion were studied in dogs. Special attention was given to the excretory mechanism for calcium. Four different states were produced experimentally: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and compensated metabolic alkalosis. Additional experiments were carried out in normal and alkalotic animals subjected to calcium loading. Calcium reabsorption was found to vary directly with the filtered load of calcium. The increased excretion of calcium in acidosis appears to be due to an increase in filtered calcium. The percentage of reabsorption of filtered calcium was 98–99% in normal and acidotic dogs, but decreased to approximately 90% in animals made acutely alkalotic. However, the relative loss of water to calcium in the urine in acute alkalosis was decreased, resulting in an elevated renal threshold of retention of calcium in metabolic alkalosis. Data are included on the behavior of inorganic phosphate in the various states studied. Elevated carbon dioxide tension was associated with phosphate mobilization from the tissues regardless of whether or not the carbon dioxide excess was compensated for by extra alkali.

Extraction of amino acids from and their addition to renal blood plasma

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shalhoub ◽  
W. Webber ◽  
S. Glabman ◽  
M. Canessa-Fischer ◽  
J. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Venous Plasma

Twenty paired samples of arterial and renal venous plasma, collected simultaneously from dogs in ammonium chloride acidosis, were analyzed by column chromatography for 23 α-amino acids. Fifteen additional paired samples from dogs in acute metabolic alkalosis were similarly analyzed. In ammonium chloride acidosis, glutamine plus asparagine, glycine, citrulline, tryptophan, and proline are extracted from renal blood plasma. Alanine, serine, glutamic acid, cystine, and ornithine are added to renal venous plasma. The addition of glutamic and aspartic acids amounts only to 4% of the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine. It is, therefore, probable that both α-amino and amide nitrogens are removed from the parent amide molecules. In acute metabolic alkalosis, the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine is halved, on an average. The extraction of glycine and the addition of alanine and serine are essentially unchanged. Therefore, only the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine varies to a quantitatively significant degree with changes in acid-base balance which markedly alter the rate of excretion of ammonia.

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