Effect of osmolar loading on stimulated gastric secretion in the dog

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Powell ◽  
Basil I. Hirschowitz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Histamine Stimulation ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Intravenous Infusions

A study was made of the effects of intravenous infusions of 100-ml hypertonic (ca. 2,400 mosmoles/kg) solutions of NaCl, mannitol, and glucose on blood and gastric juice of five dogs during histamine stimulation. These were compared to control studies in the same dogs in which no infusion was given or in which isotonic NaCl was infused. Hypertonic solutions, regardless of chemical nature, acutely elevated plasma osmolality by 18–24 mosmoles/kg, raised gastric juice [H+] by 7–10 mEq/liter and [Cl–] by 6–9 mEq/liter. The output of volume, H+, Cl–, and pepsin, however, was unaffected. In the light of these findings the osmolality of the gastric mucosa is judged to be isotonic with plasma and extremely sensitive to external osmotic changes.

Thirst and vasopressin release in the dog: an osmoreceptor or sodium receptor mechanism?

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. R333-R339 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Thrasher ◽  
C. J. Brown ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
D. J. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Hypertonic Glucose ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Arginine

The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic NaCl, sucrose, glucose, urea, or isotonic NaCl solution on thirst and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious dogs. The changes in osmolality and sodium concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. Hypertonic NaCl and sucrose stimulated drinking in all dogs and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic glucose, urea, or isotonic NaCl failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and sodium concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma sodium was increased by hypertonic NaCl, decreased by sucrose and glucose, and not changed by urea. Isotonic NaCl had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a sodium or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral sodium receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results.

Nondialyzable B12 binding material in human gastric juice following histamine stimulation

1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Welsh ◽  
Joe T. Hartzog ◽  
June C. May ◽  
Lois Russell
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Human Gastric Juice ◽  
Histamine Stimulation ◽  
Binding Material

Rapidly Administered Hypertonic Solutions

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Robert L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Clinically Significant

The article "Clinically Significant Physiological Changes from Rapidly Administered Hypertonic Solutions: Acute Osmol Poisoning" (Pediatrics, 46:267, 1970) by Kravath, et al. is a valuable addition to the pediatric literature. In a series of interesting experiments the authors again document the potential dangers of rapid intravenous infusions of hypertonic solutions. However, the implication that the experiments so performed are necessarily applicable inthe human organism need some clarification. In considering the effects of an intravenous infusion in the human, three factors should be considered: (1) osmoiality, (2) volume, and (3) total dose.

On the pathology of gastric secretion of the peasant population

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
V. E. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Physiological Structure

As you know, the majority of gastric suffering is based on the pathology of the secretory and motor function of the stomach, depending or without it on the organic changes in its anatomical and physiological structure. In the presence of a complex of anamnestic and objective data, the state of secretion in each given case is laid on the basis for the diagnosis of gastric diseases, why the laboratory data in connection with the clinic serve as the starting material in our article. We took the result of chemical studies of gastric juice carried out in the Ardatov laboratory for 10 years from 1919 to 1928 inclusive in the amount of 2277 cases. We believe that this material is sufficient to reveal some aspects of the pathology of the function of the gastric glands depending on the conditions of nutrition and life of the peasant population, especially since in relation to nutrition during this period of time the population was in very different conditions.

Osmotic and volaemic effects on drinking rate in elasmobranch fish

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gary Anderson ◽  
Y. Takei ◽  
N. Hazon
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Drinking Response ◽  
Elasmobranch Fish

SUMMARYAn increase in drinking rate of two species of marine elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula and Triakis scyllia, acclimated to 80% sea water was observed following the introduction of 100 % sea water to experimental tanks. The drinking response in both species was found to be maximal within 6 h, and a significant increase was sustained for up to 24 h in T. scyllia. Plasma osmolality was significantly increased within 6 h following introduction of 100 % sea water, and this increase was principally due to elevated plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations. Administration of 2 mol l-1 mannitol, 75 % sucrose and vehicle(elasmobranch Ringer) did not induce a significant increase or decrease in the drinking rate of S. canicula. However, injection of 20 % NaCl was found to decrease drinking rate significantly in S. canicula 60 min after administration. Controlled haemorrhage of approximately 5.7 % of total blood volume in S. canicula induced a rapid 36-fold increase in drinking over basal levels. The present study demonstrates a physiological dipsogenesis in response to hypovolaemia in marine elasmobranch fish as part of their overall iso/hyperosmoregulatory strategy.

EFFECT OF HISTAMINE ON GASTRIC PEPSINOGEN, PEPSIN SECRETION, AND BLOOD PEPSINOGEN IN GUINEA PIGS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Pepsin Secretion ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Guinea Pig Stomach

The endocrine and exocrine activity of guinea pig stomach was measured by the determination of pepsinogen in gastric tissue and in plasma. Gastric juice pepsin was also studied.A significant increase of both pepsinogen and pepsin was found in animals treated with a dose of histamine (75 mg. per kg. of body weight). These results give further evidence that the zymogenic cells of gastric mucosa may be stimulated by histamine. The determination of pepsinogen in gastric tissue seems to permit a direct approach to the enzymatic function of zymogenic cells.

Effect of thyroid on gastric secretion and metabolism

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nasset ◽  
Dale P. J. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

The effect of administration of thyroid products on gastric acid secretion and metabolism was studied in dogs with gastric pouches and in gastric mucosa from rats and frogs. Whole thyroid, thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and iodinated casein generally reduced secretion in thyroidectomized dogs and in dogs with intact thyroids. The thyroid substances elevated BMR above euthyroid levels in normal dogs but not always in thyroidectomized dogs. In dogs with intact thyroids 2,4-dinitrophenol raised oxygen consumption but did not affect secretion. Whole thyroid elevated BMR in rats and frogs but did not change resting mucosal oxygen consumption. During spring and early summer thyroid feeding reduced histamine-stimulated acid secretion and mucosal oxygen consumption during secretion in frogs, but the acid-to-oxygen ratio was unaffected. These findings suggest that elevated tissue concentrations of thyroid hormones reduce the ability of the gastric mucosa to mobilize secretory energy in response to a stimulus. This effect of the thyroid hormones is apparently not directly correlated with their calorigenic properties.

Drinking and natriuresis during volume expansion and intracranial angiotensin or carbachol

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. R381-R387
Author(s):  
D. A. Fitts ◽  
J. B. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Infusion Period ◽  
Drinking Fluid

Two methods of sodium loading were used to counteract the body fluid dilution resulting from natriuresis and water drinking during sustained lateral ventricular infusions of carbachol (CBC) or angiotensin II (ANG II) in rats. It was expected that preventing dilution would also prevent the precipitous decline of both drinking and natriuresis during the later hours of CBC infusion. In the first study, rats having isotonic saline as the sole drinking fluid during CBC infusions drank less fluid and had only slightly higher plasma osmolality and sodium concentration than rats drinking water, which showed extreme dilution. In the second study, rats with only water to drink were given intravenous infusions of 0.15, 0.45, or 1.00 M NaCl solutions at 1.8 ml/h concurrently with the intraventricular infusions. Significant dilution of plasma was found at the two lower rates but not at 1.00 M NaCl in CBC-infused rats. Only the latter group showed both persistent drinking and natriuresis throughout the 4-h infusion period, and this was not because of elevated plasma osmolality. Infusions of ANG II generated less severe body fluid dilution and more persistent drinking in both experiments. The study demonstrates that body fluid dilution may control the offset of both drinking and natriuresis during sustained infusions of CBC and that the more persistent drinking to ANG II vs. CBC probably occurs because of a lesser natriuresis and consequent fluid dilution.

Inhibition of gastric secretion by thyroid preparations

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nasset ◽  
V. W. Logan ◽  
M. L. Kelley ◽  
Mary Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Heidenhain Pouch ◽  
Significant Fall ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Inhibition Of Gastric Secretion

Four dogs with Thomas gastric pouches and one dog with a Heidenhain pouch were stimulated to secrete gastric juice by feeding 100 gm of lean beef. Feeding whole desiccated thyroid ordinarily caused a significant fall in volume of gastric juice and in the total quantity of HCl secreted. Crystalline thyroxine yielded erratic results and one trial with triiodothyronine produced a significant increase in gastric secretion. Thyroidectomy in one dog resulted in a gradual decline in secretion, but hypothyroidism produced by administration of mercaptoimidazole in another animal lead to a significant increase in secretion.

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