Central nervous system control of cardiorespiratory nasopharyngeal reflexes in the rabbit

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S White ◽  
RJ McRitchie ◽  
PI Korner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
System Control ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Respiratory Reflex ◽  
Central Nervous System Control

The role of different central nervous regions in the reflex apnea, bradycardia, and mesenteric vasoconstriction evoked by nasopharyngeal stimulation with cigarette smoke was examined in unanesthetized shamoperated, thalamic, and pontine rabbits with intact and sectioned carotid sinus and aortic nerves (CS and AN). Apnea occurred in all preparations. In pontine animals with intact CS and AN, the heart rate response was reduced but not the mesenteric vasoconstriction. The role of suprabulbar and bulbospinal regions became more apparent when individual components of the input profile were examined in animals with controlled ventilation. The bradycardia and mesenteric vasoconstriction evoked by apnea without smoke, but not by smoke without apnea, were reduced in pontine animals. Prior section of the CS and AN attenuated the response in all neural preparations but to the least extent when cerebral hemispheres were intact. The data indicate that the respiratory reflex is predominantly integrated at bulbospinal sites, but the cardiovascular reflex is integrated at both bulbospinal and suprabulbar sites, or is integrated at bulbospinal and modulated from suprabulbar sites.

Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore C degli Uberti ◽  
Maria R Ambrosio ◽  
Marta Bondanelli ◽  
Giorgio Transforini ◽  
Alberto Valentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Receptor Stimulation

degli Uberti EC, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Trasforini G, Valentini A, Rossi R, Margutti A, Campo M. Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:723–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Human galanin (hGAL) is a neuropeptide with 30 amino acid residues that has been found in the peripheral and central nervous system, where it often co-exists with catecholamines. In order to clarify the possible role of hGAL in the regulation of sympathoadrenomedullary function, the effect of a 60 min infusion of hGAL (80 pmol·kg−1 · min−1) on plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nine healthy subjects was investigated. Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance. Human GAL significantly increased the heart rate in resting conditions and clearly exaggerated the heart rate response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it had no effect on the blood pressure. We conclude that GAL receptor stimulation exerts an inhibitory effect on basal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia-stimulated release of norepinephrine. These findings provide further evidence that GAL may modulate sympathetic nerve activity in man but that it does not play an important role in the regulation of adrenal medullary function. Ettore C degli Uberti, Chair of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

Vasodepressor responses elicited by diencephalic stimulation in dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph J. Gorten ◽  
Orville A. Smith ◽  
Robert F. Rushmer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Systemic Arteries ◽  
Central Nervous System Control

Tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction are the usual means by which the cardiovascular system, under nervous control, attempts to compensate for a lowering of pressure in the systemic arteries. When such compensatory efforts are absent during sudden, unexpected periods of hypotension, an alteration in central nervous system control should be suspected. The possibility of producing such alterations in the control of the circulation under experimental conditions was studied in five anesthetized dogs. Diencephalic areas were found in which electrical stimulation evoked a lowering of arterial pressure in the absence of tachycardia. Electrodes were chronically implanted in these areas so that stimulation could be performed in the unanesthetized state. The observed effects on the cardiovascular system were not always the same as those induced while the animals were anesthetized. The decrease in arterial pressure was usually less in extent. Occasionally an actual rise in pressure occurred, followed after the period of stimulation by a decrease in arterial pressure and heart rate.

Role of sinoaortic reflexes in hemodynamic patterns of natural defense behaviors in the cat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. H421-H429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Baccelli ◽  
R. Albertini ◽  
A. Del Bo ◽  
G. Mancia ◽  
A. Zanchetti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hemodynamic Pattern ◽  
Before And After

To evaluate whether sinoaortic afferents contribute to the hemodynamic pattern of fighting, cardiovascular changes associated with fighting were studied in cats before and after sinoaortic denervation. Sinoaortic denervation exaggerates the decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and arterial pressure during immobile confrontation (hissing, staring but no movement). During nonsupportive fighting (fighting with forelimbs while lying on one side) and supportive fighting ( fighting while standing on four feet) sinoaortic denervation reduces the increase in heart rate and cardiac output, minimizes the mesenteric vasoconstriction, induces a fall in arterial blood pressure, but does not affect iliac vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. The hemodynamic pattern of fighting is similarly changed by temporary inactivation of carotid sinus baroreflexes by common carotid occlusion as by chronic section of sinoaortic nerves. It is concluded that sinoaortic reflexes play an important role in the cardiovascular patterns accompanying natural fighting. They favor cardiac action and allow a marked visceral vasoconstriction to occur, thus minimizing or preventing a fall in blood pressure during emotional behavior.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parasympathetic Nerve Function Status in Healthy Elderly Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
T Islam ◽  
N Begum ◽  
S Begum ◽  
S Ferdousi ◽  
T Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Background: Autonomic control on cardiovascular activity is modified with age. Impaired autonomic nerve functions are common features of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases particularly in old age. Objective: To observe the influence of aging process on parasympathetic nerve function. Study design: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of July 2005 to June 2006. For this purpose, 60 apparently healthy elderly subjects of both sexes were selected as study group and divided into two groups-one group consisted of 30 elderly subjects with age ranged from 51-60 years and another group consisted of 30 elderly subjects with age ranged from 61-70 years. Thirty sex and BMI matched healthy adults with age ranged from 21-30 years were studied as control. Methods: Parasympathetic nerve function status of all the subjects were assessed by three simple non-invasive cardiovascular reflex tests. These were heart rate response to valsalva maneuver, heart rate response to deep breathing and heart rate response to standing (30th:15th ). For statistical analysis one way ANOVA (Post Hoc Test) and the Pearson's correlation co-efficient tests were done. Results: Mean (± SD) of valsalva ratio were 1.50±0.23, 1.32±0.14 and 1.28±0.15; HR response to deep breathing test were 25.36±3.90, 18.82±3.35 and 15.96±3.54 beats/min; 30th:15th ratio in standing test were 1.100.06, 1.05±0.03 and 1.04±0.02 in 21- 30, 51-60 and 61-70 years age groups respectively. All the 3 parameters were significantly lower in both elderly groups compared to that of control adults (p < 0.001) Again, HR response to deep breathing was significantly lower in 61-70 years age group compared to that of 51-60 years age group. Valsalva ratio and 30th:15th ratio were also lower in 61-70 years age group than that of 51-60 years group but the differences were not statistically significant. All the 3 parameters were negatively correlated with age which were statistically significant. Conclusion: From this study it may concluded that aging process substantially impaired cardiovascular parasympathetic nerve functions. Key words: Cardiovascular reflex test, elderly person.       doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1790 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):23-28.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF β, α1 AND α2-ADRENO RECEPTORS IN THE REGULATION OF THE HEART RATE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS EXPOSED TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
A.V. Shigapova ◽  
◽  
I.Kh. Vakhitov ◽  
R.S. Safin ◽  
I.R. Ibatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Motor Mode ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies were conducted to study the features of the heart rate response of laboratory animals exposed to various modes of motor activity when administered with β, α1 and α2-blockers. It was found that in all the experimental groups of animals studied, a decrease in the heart rate response was observed in the first week after the introduction of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was revealed that the initial reaction of the heart rate on the introduction of β, α1 and α2-blockers depends on the level of motor activity of laboratory animals. It was found that the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of different subtypes of adreno-blockers is observed in the group of animals with limited motor activity. At the same time, the smallest decrease in the heart rate response occurs in the group of animals subject to enhanced motor mode. It was revealed that in the group of experimental animals, during further muscle training, by the end of the fourth week, there was a less pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the administration of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was found that in a group of animals subject to a regime of limited motor activity, by the end of the fourth week of hypokinesia, the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of β, α1-targeted blockers occurs.

Cardiovascular Reflexes in Patients With Vascular Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Martín ◽  
Cristina Ribera ◽  
Jose Manuel Moltó ◽  
Carolina Ruiz ◽  
Luz Galiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Vascular Headache ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex

We have investigated the autonomic function of 75 patients with migraine by examining cardiovascular reflex function. The results were compared with those of 78 healthy volunteers. Measurements were made between attacks. Patients with migraine showed a smaller heart-rate response to deep breathing but a greater heart-rate response and higher blood pressure to standing when compared to controls. Migraine patients had a higher percentage of established sympathetic lesions (51% vs 17%) and severe (25% vs 5%) or atypical (24% vs 11.5%) global autonomic dysfunction. No significant differences were found among patients with migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and migraine with prolonged aura. Our findings indicate that patients with migraine have sympathetic hypofunction.

Cardiorespiratory control by carotid chemoreceptors during experimental dives in the seal

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. H508-H516 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Burgh Daly ◽  
R. Elsner ◽  
J. E. Angell-James
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Harbor Seal ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Carotid Body Chemoreceptors

The diving responses of apnea and bradycardia, produced experimentally by immersing the face in water, were successfully elicited in the harbor seal Phoca vitulina anesthetized with urethan. The role of the carotid body chemoreceptors in the production of the diving bradycardia was studied in isolated carotid sinus-body preparations autoperfused with blood from the arterial circulation. When asphyxia was well developed during a dive the chemoreceptor drive was withdrawn by temporarily perfusing the chemoreceptors with blood of high PO2 (greater than 400 mmHg) and normal PCO2 from a disk oxygenator. The heart rate immediately rose to its predive value. Reestablishing hypoxic hypercapnic blood perfusion of the chemoreceptors from the animal's own circulation caused bradycardia with persistence of the apnea. Breathing restarted only on emersion. Substitution of normal arterialized blood from the oxygenator before or at the onset of a dive had no effect on the existing heart rate. It is concluded that the carotid bodies play an important part in maintaining the diving bradycardia during developing asphyxia without affecting respiration.

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