Independence of onset of compensatory kidney growth from changes in renal function

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Katz ◽  
FG Toback ◽  
MD Lindheimer
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Kidney Growth ◽  
Choline Incorporation ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Cortical Slices

Renal function was measure before and shortly after uninephrectomy in mice to evaluate if work expended in the reabsorption of glomerular filtrate plays a role in the initiation of compensatory growth. To exclude the possibility of small but undetectable increments in glomerular filtration rate and absolute sodium reabsorption these functions were experimentally reduced immediately after uninephrectomy and sham nephrectomy. The onset of growth was indicated by an increased rate of [14C]choline incorporation into phospholipid in renal cortical slices. [14C]choline incorporation increased significantly only after uninephrectomy and remained unchanged after sham operation regardless of the magnitude or direction of the concurrent change in sodium reabsorption. The rate of incorporation increased by 40 +/- 8% (P less than 0.005) in uninephrectomized animals whose sodium reabsorption was reduced by 34 +/- 6% (P less than 0.001) and rose 45 +/- 11% (P less than 0.005) when sodium reabsorption remained unchanged. These results indicate that compensatory kidney growth is not triggered by an increase in renal work expended in the reabsorption of glomerular filtrate; in fact, it can occur when reabsorptive work is substantially decreased.

scholarly journals Pneumoperitoneum preconditioning for the prevention of renal function after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e032002
Author(s):  
Changcheng Zhou ◽  
Luwei Xu ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Yuzheng Ge ◽  
Liuhua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

IntroductionRenal ischaemia reperfusion injury is an inevitable pathophysiology in different clinical situations including laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), which can obviously decrease the renal function after surgery. Pneumoperitoneum preconditioning (PP) is a promising approach that can yield a protective effect on kidney, which has already been demonstrated in some animal models. The present study is designed to assess whether the PP can yield a clinical renoprotective role after LPN.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised, prospective, double-blind and parallel controlled clinical trial. Eligible participants will be patients with renal tumours and willing to choose elective LPN. Patients randomised to the treatment arm will receive PP consisted of three cycles of 5 min insufflation and 5 min desufflation before LPN, while the control arm will receive a sham operation. The primary endpoints are glomerular filtration rate and the level of serum cystatin C within 6 months after desufflation. The secondary endpoints are serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, alanine transaminase, serum amylase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, postoperative hospital stay, the incidence of adverse events and mortality in postoperative 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional ethics committee of Nanjing First Hospital. The results of this study will be reported faithfully through scientific conferences or published articles.Trial registration numberNCT03822338.

O2 metabolite-mediated injury in perfused kidneys is reflected by consumption of DMTU and glutathione

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. F692-F701 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Linas ◽  
P. F. Shanley ◽  
C. W. White ◽  
N. P. Parker ◽  
J. E. Repine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Perfusion Flow ◽  
Perfusion Flow Rate

The contribution of toxic oxygen (O2) metabolites to ischemic renal injury is unclear because they have not been added directly to the kidney and few ways exist to effectively measure and assess the effect of these highly reactive products in biological systems. Our goal was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or H2O2-derived products on renal function and to determine whether H2O2-mediated renal injury was reflected by consumption of dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (an exogenous O2 metabolic scavenger), depletion of renal cortical total glutathione (an endogenous O2 metabolite scavenger), and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We found that addition of glucose oxidase (GO) or H2O2 to isolated perfused rat kidneys caused injury that was manifested by decreases in glomerular filtration rate, perfusion flow rate, and sodium reabsorption and that was prevented by addition of catalase (CAT) (but not inactivated CAT) or large doses of DMTU (15 mM), but not urea (15 mM). To further ascertain if the protective effect of DMTU was due to reacting with a scavenging H2O2, we conducted parallel experiments in which we measured the consumption of smaller doses of DMTU (1 mM) in kidneys perfused with GO or H2O2. We found that addition of increasing concentrations of H2O2 decreased DMTU concentration. Renal cortical total glutathione and ATP levels were also decreased by addition of GO or H2O2. In contrast to perfusion with GO or H2O2, perfusion with elastase or collagenase also caused renal injury and decreases in ATP but did not decrease DMTU concentration or tissue total glutathione. We conclude that H2O2 or H2O2-derived products are acutely toxic to the kidney and that decreases in perfusate DMTU concentration and tissue total glutathione, but not tissue ATP, may be useful for specifically assessing the presence and/or toxicity of H2O2 in renal and other biological systems.

scholarly journals The influence of renal function on lactate and glucose metabolism

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bartlett ◽  
J Espinal ◽  
P Janssens ◽  
B D Ross
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Intact Kidney ◽  
Lactate Consumption

The relationship of lactate metabolism to renal function was studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. A new radioisotopic method has been developed that enables the simultaneous measurement of lactate production and consumption in the presence of physiological concentrations of both lactate and glucose. In kidneys from fed rats, when glucose was absent, lactate production was only 12 mumol/h per g dry wt, and in kidneys from starved rats there was no lactate production, indicating that neither the phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate substrate cycle nor other analogous cycles for the recycling of lactate carbon are operating in the intact kidney cortex. Lactate production from glucose occurred at a high rate, at the same time as lactate consumption, demonstrating that lactate recycling between renal cortex and medulla can occur in the intact kidney. Lactate production from glucose correlated with glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.001), urine flow rate (P less than 0.01) and sodium reabsorption (P less than 0.05). There was significant basal lactate production at zero glomerular filtration rate. Lactate consumption was not correlated with any renal function. When Na+ reabsorption was inhibited with the diuretic frusemide, or when filtration was entirely prevented (the ‘non’-filtering kidney'), lactate production was decreased by 39% and 50% respectively. Basal lactate production determined in this way was the same as that calculated above by linear regression. Prevention of filtration, but not the addition of frusemide, significantly inhibited lactate consumption. It is concluded that glycolysis is required for medullary Na+ transport, and that some different transport function(s) require lactate oxidation.

Effect of Atrial Extract on Renal Function in the Rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pollock ◽  
Robert O. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sites Of Action

1. The effects of myocardial extracts on renal function were studied in the rat. Infusion of rat atrial extract but not of ventricular extract resulted in a significant natriuresis in both pentobarbitone anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rats that were either deprived of food and water (for 18 h before the experiment) or were expanded with isotonic sodium chloride solution (1.5% body weight/h) during the experiment. 2. The increase in sodium excretion was three to four times greater in both groups of volume-expanded rats than in the two groups of food- and water-deprived rats. 3. Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were not affected by atrial extract, indicating that the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) directly inhibited sodium reabsorption at the tubular level. 4. Distal tubular blockade with a combination of frusemide and amiloride was employed to differentiate between proximal and distal tubular sites of action of ANF. Infusion of atrial extract into saline-expanded, distally blocked rats resulted in a transient increase in both the glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion; fractional sodium excretion was unaffected by atrial extract in these experiments. 5. We conclude that (a) the renal response to ANF is not affected by pentobarbitone anaesthesia, (b) the renal response to ANF is dependent on the state of the extracellular fluid volume of the animal and (c) that ANF inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron.

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

RENAL FUNCTION AND KIDNEY SIZE FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Ingmar Wickbom
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were performed in close connection with roentgenographic estimation of kidney size, before and after hypophysectomy, in 10 patients (four cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, five cases of diabetic retinopathy and one case of acromegaly). Hypophysectomy was regularly followed by a decrease in GFR and RPF. In most cases, a reduction in the roentgenographic kidney size was also observed. However, the changes in the roentgenographic kidney size and calculated kidney weight after hypophysectomy were smaller and occurred at a slower rate than the alterations in GFR and RPF. The results favour the view that, primarily, the decrease in GFR and RPF following hypophysectomy is essentially functional rather than due to a reduced kidney mass.

STUDY OF RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS THE RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Van Chuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Background: A Research glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal scanning 99mTc-DTPA glomerular filtration rate at the hospital 175. Objective: (1) To study characteristics of imaging of renal function. (2) Understanding the relationship between GFR with blood sugar, HbA1c, blood pressure and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Clinical examination, Clinical tests and 99mTc-DTPA GFR gamma - camera renography for patients. Result: GFR of the study group was 75,4 ± 22,3 ml/phut/1,73m2, the left kidney was 35,0 ± 13,0 is lower than the right kidney and 39,8 ± 11,9; p <0,01. There is no correlation between GFR with blood glucose and HbA1c, the risk of reduced GFR in hypertensive group associated is OR = 6,5 with p<0,01; albuminuria (+) is OR = 4,2 with p <0,01; and disease duration > 10 years is OR = 3,5 with p <0.01. Conclusion: GFR of the left kidneys is lower than the right kidney; correlation decreased GFR associated with hypertension, albuminuria and disease duration. Keywords: GFR, diabetes, albuminuria

scholarly journals Assessing glomerular filtration rate in healthy adult potential kidney donors in Bangladesh: A comparison of various prediction equations with measured glomerular filtration rate by diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid renogram

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
F Jahan ◽  
MNU Chowdhury ◽  
T Mahbub ◽  
SM Arafat ◽  
S Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Measured Gfr

To ensure that potential kidney donors in Bangladesh have no renal impairment, it is extremely important to have accurate methods for evaluating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We evaluated the performance of serum creatinine based GFR in healthy adult potential kidney donors in Bangladesh to compare GFR determined by DTPA with that determined by various prediction equations. In this study GFR in 61 healthy adult potential kidney donors were measured with 99mTc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) renogram. We also estimated GFR using a four variable equation modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (CG CrCl), Cockcroft-Gault glomerular filtration rate (CG-GFR). The mean age of study population was 34.31±9.46 years and out of them 65.6% was male. In this study mean mGFR was 85.4±14.8. Correlation of estimated GFR calculated by CG-CrCl, CG-GFR and MDRD were done with measured GFR DTPA using quartile. Kappa values were also estimated which was found to be 0.104 for (p=0.151), 0.336 for (p=0.001) and 0.125 for (p=0.091) respectively. This indicates there is no association between estimated GFR calculated by CG-CrCl, CG-GFR, MDRD with measured GFR DTPA. These results show poor performance of these equations in evaluation of renal function among healthy population and also raise question regarding validity of these equations for assessment of renal function in chronic kidney disease in our population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19646 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 74-79

Pathogenesis and Assessment of Renal Function in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilyana H. Teneva
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Early Assessment

Abstract In liver cirrhosis patients awaiting liver transplantation, it is prognostically equally important to assess the renal function before and after transplantation. This is evidenced by the inclusion of serum creatinine in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Most of the causes of renal failure in liver cirrhosis are functional, the acute kidney damage including prerenal azotemia, acute tubular necrosis and hepatorenal syndrome. A major index of the renal function, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is determined in a specific way in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clinically, serum creatinine is considered the best indicator of kidney function, although it is rather unreliable when it comes to early assessment of renal dysfunction. Most of the patients with liver cirrhosis have several concomitant conditions, which are the reason for the false low creatinine levels, even in the presence of moderate to severe kidney damage. This also holds for the creatinine clearance and creatinine-based estimation equations for assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (the Cockroft-Gault and MDRD formulas), which overestimate the real glomerular filtration. Clearance of exogenous markers is considered a gold standard, but the methods for their determination are rather costly and hard to apply. Alternative serum markers (e.g., cystatin C) have been used, but they should be better studied in cases of liver cirrhosis assessment.

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