Physiology in perspective: The Wisdom of the Body. Neural control of the kidney

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. R633-R641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. DiBona
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Cannon equated the fluid matrix of the body with Bernard’s concept of the internal environment and emphasized the importance of “the safe-guarding of an effective fluid matrix.” He further emphasized the important role of the autonomic nervous system in the establishment and maintenance of homeostasis in the internal environment. This year’s Cannon Lecture discusses the important role of the renal sympathetic nerves to regulate various aspects of overall renal function and to serve as one of the major “self-regulatory agencies which operate to preserve the constancy of the fluid matrix.”

scholarly journals Effect of the autonomic nervous system on cancer progression depends on the type of tumor: solid are more affected then ascitic tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Horvathova ◽  
B Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Ascites Hepatoma ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Tumor Bearing

AbstractObjectives. A number of recently published studies have shown that the sympathetic nervous system may influence cancer progression. There are, however, some ambiguities about the role of the parasympathetic nerves in the modulation of growth of different tumor types. Moreover, tumor models used for investigation of the autonomic neurotransmission role in the processes related to the cancer growth and progression are mainly of the solid nature. The knowledge about the nervous system involvement in the modulation of the development and progression of malignant ascites is only fragmental. Therefore, the aim of the present article was to summarize the results of our experimental studies focused on the elucidation of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the modulation of tumor growth in animals. We are summarizing data from studies, in which not only different experimental approaches in order to influence the autonomic neurotransmission, but also different tumor models have been used.Methods. Three different types of tumor models, namely solid rat intra-abdominal fibrosarcoma, solid murine subcutaneous melanoma, and rat ascites hepatoma, and three types of interventions have been used in order to modulate the autonomic neurotransmission, specifically chemical sympathectomy, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, or the electric stimulation of the vagus nerve.Results. We have proved a strong stimulatory effect of the sympathetic nerves on the development and growth in both solid tumors, rat fibrosarcoma as well as murine melanoma, and significant inhibitory impact on the survival time of tumor-bearing animals. The progression of ascites hepatoma in rats was not influenced by chemical sympathectomy. Modulation of parasympathetic signalization by vagotomy or vagal nerve stimulation does not affect fibrosarcoma and ascites hepatoma growth and survival of the tumor-bearing rats.Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it seems that the solid types of tumors are suitable substrate for the direct action of neurotransmitters released especially from the sympathetic nerves. In contrast, it appears that the malignant ascites are not under the direct autonomic nerves control; however, an indirect action via the immune functions modulation cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals Autonomic dystonia syndrome in conditions of failure of the Bauhinia valve and after its surgical correction as a possible link in the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Martynov Vladimir Leonidovich
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The classic works of I.P. Pavlov shows strong communication mechanisms between the two most important life-supporting systems of the body - the nervous and the digestive. The role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the occurrence of acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers has been proven [1]. The flow of sympathetic impulses causes an excessive release of mediators (catecholamines), which leads to disruption of tissue trophism. An important role in ulceration belongs to the parasympathetic nervous system.

Renal function during reflexly activated catecholamine flow through an adrenorenal rete

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. F30-F37
Author(s):  
R. E. Katholi ◽  
S. P. Bishop ◽  
S. Oparil ◽  
T. N. James
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Intrarenal Blood Flow ◽  
Reflex Activation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Reflex vasoconstriction that occurs in the kidney of the dog can be the result of either of two mechanisms. The first is by activation of the renal sympathetic nerves and the second by reflex activation of catecholamine flow through an adrenorenal rete. Both reflex mechanisms can be activated by transient hypotension caused by experimentally induced atrial fibrillation in the sodium-replete pentobarbital-anesthetized dog. This study was undertaken to measure and compare the magnitude of changes in renal function that occur when these reflex mechanisms are activated and to evaluate the possible role of intrarenal angiotensin II in these two reflex effects. Reflex activation of catecholamine flow through an adrenorenal rete in intact or denervated kidneys produced a 26 +/- 3% decrease in renal plasma flow, a 23 +/- 4% decrease in glomerular filtration rate, a 58 +/- 7% decrease in urinary sodium excretion, and a 4 +/- 1% increase in filtration fraction, but no change in the fractional distribution of intrarenal blood flow. Changes of a similar direction and magnitude were seen in the same animals during reflex activation of the renal sympathetic nerves in the kidneys with intact or ligated adrenorenal rete. The same studies were performed after the intrarenal action of angiotensin II was blocked with [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II and similar responses were seen. Both of these reflexes appear to be important mechanisms by which the kidney can maintain vascular volume, and neither depends on intrarenal angiotensin II activity.

Is the chronically denervated kidney supersensitive to catecholamines?

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. R603-R610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Ramchandra ◽  
Carolyn J. Barrett ◽  
Sarah-Jane Guild ◽  
Simon C. Malpas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Apparent Magnitude ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Chronic Denervation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

One method for discerning the role of the renal sympathetic nerves in the regulation of renal function has been to chronically denervate one kidney. One concern with this approach is that increased renal responsiveness to plasma levels of norepinephrine may develop over time. This may reduce the apparent magnitude of the effect of the renal nerves or indeed completely mask their effect. In the present experiment, we used the rabbit unilateral denervated kidney model to examine the acute renal blood flow responses to phenylephrine to determine if there were differences between the responses in chronically denervated kidneys compared with either intact or acutely denervated kidneys. In addition, we examined the responses in rabbits that had been made hypertensive using a continuous infusion of ANG II for 7 wk. We found that chronic denervation did not result in increased renal responsiveness to phenylephrine compared with either the intact or acutely denervated kidney, suggesting that differences in renal function between renal nerve-intact and -denervated kidneys observed in previous studies are unlikely to be confounded by supersensitivity. These results suggest that the unilateral denervated kidney model is a valid model to study the role of the renal nerves in the regulation of renal function.

The role of autonomic nervous system in progression of school myopia in children

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
D.A. Dubko ◽  
◽  
G.P. Smoliakova ◽  
O.I. Kashura ◽  
O.V. Mazurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
School Myopia

Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Pedro Chaves ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Patrício Costa ◽  
Pedro Rocha Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

scholarly journals The Role of Lipids, Lipid Metabolism and Ectopic Lipid Accumulation in Axon Growth, Regeneration and Repair after CNS Injury and Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Debasish Roy ◽  
Andrea Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cns Repair ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cns Trauma

Axons in the adult mammalian nervous system can extend over formidable distances, up to one meter or more in humans. During development, axonal and dendritic growth requires continuous addition of new membrane. Of the three major kinds of membrane lipids, phospholipids are the most abundant in all cell membranes, including neurons. Not only immature axons, but also severed axons in the adult require large amounts of lipids for axon regeneration to occur. Lipids also serve as energy storage, signaling molecules and they contribute to tissue physiology, as demonstrated by a variety of metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in various tissues through the body. Detrimental changes in lipid metabolism and excess accumulation of lipids contribute to a lack of axon regeneration, poor neurological outcome and complications after a variety of central nervous system (CNS) trauma including brain and spinal cord injury. Recent evidence indicates that rewiring lipid metabolism can be manipulated for therapeutic gain, as it favors conditions for axon regeneration and CNS repair. Here, we review the role of lipids, lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation in axon growth, regeneration and CNS repair. In addition, we outline molecular and pharmacological strategies to fine-tune lipid composition and energy metabolism in neurons and non-neuronal cells that can be exploited to improve neurological recovery after CNS trauma and disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document