Determination of sulfobromophthalein excretion in rabbits

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R1043-R1046
Author(s):  
J. M. Quale ◽  
N. V. Bergasa ◽  
L. J. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Relative Storage Capacity ◽  
Surgical Cannulation

The excretion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is determined by hepatic uptake (storage capacity) and secretion (transport maximum). We calculated the BSP excretion data in six rabbits by measuring the rate of rise of BSP at various infusion rates. The relative storage capacity was determined to be 0.34 +/- 0.13 mg.mg-1.dl-1.kg-1. The transport maximum was calculated to be 0.91 +/- 0.12 mg.min-1.kg-1. These results compare closely with previously reported results using more direct measurements that require anesthesia and surgical cannulation of the biliary tree. Repeated studies were easily performed. Our method provides a reliable and simple technique to study the effects of various conditions or substances on BSP excretion in conscious, unanesthetized rabbits.

Corrosion Metal Loss Interaction From In-Line Inspection and How it Can Affect the Calculated Failure Pressure

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Smart ◽  
Richard McNealy ◽  
Harvey Haines
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Data Correlation ◽  
Failure Pressure ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Flux Leakage

In-Line Inspection (ILI) is used to prioritize metal loss conditions based on predicted failure pressure in accordance with methods prescribed in industry standards such as ASME B31G-2009. Corrosion may occur in multiple areas of metal loss that interact and may result in a lower failure pressure than if flaws were analyzed separately. The B31G standard recommends a flaw interaction criterion for ILI metal loss predictions within a longitudinal and circumferential spacing of 3 times wall thickness, but cautions that methods employed for clustering of ILI anomalies should be validated with results from direct measurements in the ditch. Recent advances in non-destructive examination (NDE) and data correlation software have enabled reliable comparisons of ILI burst pressure predictions with the results from in-ditch examination. Data correlation using pattern matching algorithms allows the consideration of detection and reporting thresholds for both ILI and field measurements, and determination of error in the calculated failure pressure prediction attributable to the flaw interaction criterion. This paper presents a case study of magnetic flux leakage ILI failure pressure predictions compared with field results obtained during excavations. The effect of interaction criterion on calculated failure pressure and the probability of an ILI measurement underestimating failure pressure have been studied. We concluded a reason failure pressure specifications do not exist for ILI measurements is because of the variety of possible interaction criteria and data thresholds that can be employed, and demonstrate herein a method for their validation.

Biological Applications of the Carbon Rod Atomizer in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. 2. Determination of Copper in Small Samples of Tissue

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Determination Of Copper ◽  
Carbon Rod Atomizer

Abstract A simple technique is presented for the analysis for copper in small fragments of tissue. Dissolution of the tissue in concentrated nitric acid is the only preparative step required. Copper content is then determined by comparison with standards, by using the carbon rod atomizer previously described. Sample volumes of less than 2 µl are used for each measurement. The method gives results that compare well with both colorimetric and flame atomic absorption methods, and also with neutron activation analysis, and appears to be applicable to the analysis of other metals in tissue.

Combined ventilatory and breath-holding evaluation of sensitivity to respiratory gases

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Definite Role

Direct measurements of the ventilatory response to variations in CO2 tension independent of changes in O2 tension are easily obtained by breathing mixtures of carbon dioxide in 100% oxygen. Direct determination of the respiratory response to O2, however, is not possible due to alternations in CO2 tension resulting from changes in ventilation. Therefore, an attempt has been made to determine this response empirically by a combined analysis of breath-holding and ventilatory data. Comparison of experimentally determined responses to various combinations of O2 and CO2 tensions agree quite well with those predicted by this approach and indicate that oxygen plays a small but definite role in the regulation of eupnic breathing at sea level. Submitted on October 22, 1958

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