Effects of alpha 1-adrenergic blockade on intrarenal hemodynamics in heart failure rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. R198-R203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nishikimi ◽  
K. Uchino ◽  
E. D. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Filtration Fraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arteriolar Resistance ◽  
Single Nephron

To investigate intrarenal hemodynamics and effects of alpha 1-adrenergic blockade on glomerular functions in congestive heart failure (CHF), micropuncture studies were performed before and after intravenous injection of terazosin (1 microgram/100 g body wt iv) in eight myocardial infarction (MI) and in nine sham-operated rats after intraperitoneal injection of Inactin (70 mg/kg). CHF was characterized by elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increased total heart weight. In CHF rats, single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), single nephron plasma flow (SNPF), and ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) were decreased compared with sham-operated rats (SNGFR, 21.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 39.2 +/- 2.9 nl.min-1.g-1, P less than 0.01; SNPF, 66.6 +/- 6.1 vs. 133.8 +/- 10.5 nl.min-1.g-1, P less than 0.01; Kf, 0.019 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.041 +/- 0.004 nl.s-1.mmHg-1.g-1, P less than 0.01). Single nephron filtration fraction (SNFF), glomerular pressure (Pg), and efferent arteriolar resistance (Re) were higher in the CHF-MI rats than in the sham-operated rats (SNFF, 33.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 27.7 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.05; Pg, 60.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 53.3 +/- 0.8 mmHg, P less than 0.01; Re, 3.92 +/- 0.66 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.15 x 10(10) dyn.s.cm-5.g, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Re Improves Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-wei Wang ◽  
Xiao-feng Yu ◽  
Hua-li Xu ◽  
Xue-zhong Zhao ◽  
Da-yuan Sui
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Ginsenoside Re

Objective. Panax ginseng is used widely for treatment of cardiovascular disorders in China. Ginsenoside Re is the main chemical component of P. ginseng. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Re on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis and heart failure in rats. Methods. A model of myocardial fibrosis and heart failure was established by once-daily subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (5 mg/kg/day) to rats for 7 days. Simultaneously, rats were orally administrated ginsenoside Re (5 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 4 weeks. Results. Isoproterenol enhanced the heart weight, myocardial fibrosis, and hydroxyproline content in rat hearts. Ginsenoside Re inhibited (at least in part) the isoproterenol-induced increase in heart weight, myocardial fibrosis, and hydroxyproline content. Compared with the isoproterenol group, treatment with ginsenoside Re ameliorated changes in left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and the positive and negative maximal values of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure. Ginsenoside Re administration also resulted in decreased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in serum and decreased expression of Smad3 and collagen I in heart tissue. Conclusion. Ginsenoside Re can improve isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis and heart failure by regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.

Sodium channel enhancer restores baroreflex sensitivity in conscious dogs with heart failure

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. H1508-H1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqun Shen ◽  
Robert M. Gill ◽  
Jian-Ping Zhang ◽  
Bonita D. Jones ◽  
Angela K. Corbly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Inotropic Effect ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Before And After

We compared the cardiac inotropic, lusitropic, and chronotropic responses to the Na+ channel enhancer LY-368052 in conscious dogs before and after development of congestive heart failure (CHF). We also examined the effect of LY-368052 on baroreflex sensitivity and the efferent neural mechanisms of the bradycardic response in heart failure. Dogs were chronically instrumented, and heart failure was induced by right ventricular pacing at 240 beats/min for 3–4 wk. LY-368052 dose-dependently increased left ventricular contractile performance before and after the development of CHF to a similar extent. The inotropic effect of LY-368052 in heart failure was not altered by either ganglionic or β-adrenergic receptor blockade. LY-368052 improved cardiac relaxation and induced bradycardia in dogs with heart failure but not in normal dogs. The negative chronotropic effect of LY-368052 was eliminated by ganglionic blockade but not β-adrenergic blockade, suggesting that the bradycardia was mediated by the autonomic nervous system via enhanced parasympathetic tone. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed as the pulse interval-mean arterial pressure slope in response to temporary pharmacological (nitroglycerin or phenylephrine) and mechanical (brief occlusion of inferior vena cava) alterations of arterial pressure in conscious dogs before and after development of heart failure. Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly depressed in heart failure and restored completely by acute treatment with LY-368052. Thus the Na+ channel enhancer LY-368052 maintains its β-receptor-independent inotropic effect in chronic CHF and specifically improves ventricular relaxation and depressed baroreflex function.

Trabecular cutting: a novel surgical therapy to increase diastolic compliance

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Meagan Oglesby ◽  
Danny Escobedo ◽  
Gladys Patricia Escobar ◽  
Fatemeh Fatemifar ◽  
Edward Y. Sako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diastolic Compliance

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common cause of hospital admission in patients over 65 yr old and has high mortality. HFpEF is characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy that reduces compliance. Current HFpEF therapies control symptoms, but no existing medications or therapies can sustainably increase LV compliance. LV trabeculae develop hypertrophy and fibrosis that contribute to reduced LV compliance. This study expands our previous results in ex vivo human hearts to show that severing LV trabeculae increases diastolic compliance in an ex vivo working rabbit heart model. Trabecular cutting was performed in ex vivo rabbit hearts set up in a working heart perfusion system perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer. A hook was inserted in the LV to cut trabeculae. End-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships during transient preload reduction were recorded using an admittance catheter in the following three groups: control (no cutting; n = 9), mild cutting (15 cuts; n = 5), and aggressive cutting (30 cuts; n = 5). In a second experiment, each heart served as its own control. Hemodynamic data were recorded before and after trabecular cutting ( n = 10) or sham cutting ( n = 5) within the same heart. In the first experiments, trabecular cutting did not affect systolic function ( P > 0.05) but significantly increased overall diastolic compliance ( P = 0.009). Greater compliance was seen as trabecular cutting increased ( P = 0.002, r2 = 0.435). In the second experiment, significant increases in systolic function ( P = 0.048) and diastolic compliance ( P = 0.002) were seen after trabecular cutting compared with baseline. In conclusion, trabecular cutting significantly increases diastolic compliance without reducing systolic function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We postulate that, in mammalian hearts, free-running trabeculae carneae exist to provide tensile support to the left ventricle and minimize diastolic wall stress. Because of hypertrophy and fibrosis of trabeculae in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, this supportive role can become pathologic, worsening diastolic compliance. We demonstrate a novel operation involving cutting trabeculae as a method to acutely increase diastolic compliance in patients presenting with heart failure and diastolic dysfunction to improve their left ventricle compliance.

scholarly journals Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract ameliorates chronic heart failure in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857
Author(s):  
Hu-zhi Cai ◽  
Yan-ping Tang ◽  
Xin-yu Chen ◽  
Hai-bo Xie ◽  
Qing-yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract (OJKE) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Methods: The rats were modelled to congestive heart failure (except normal group) , and then randomly divided into normal control group, model (untreated) group, captopril group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose of OJKE groups. They were treated for 4 weeks as appropriate for each group. At the end of treatment, the hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, and blood creatinine kinase (CK), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitricoxide synthase (NOS) were determined. Results: Compared with the normal control group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), whole heart weight index, blood CK, MDA, NO, NOS significantly increased in the untreated group (p < 0.05). A high dose of OJKE significantly improved hemodynamic function, lowered MDA (8.33 ± 2.12 nmol/mL) and NO (20.58 ± 3.53 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.53±0.37 U/mL) and NOS (22.46±3.29 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OJKE improved adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats significantly.

Effect of Zhen-wu decoction on chronic heart failure in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2439-2443
Author(s):  
Zhongyong Liu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Shihua Luo ◽  
Jia Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Hemodynamic Function ◽  
Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Zhen-wu decoction (ZWD) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.Methods: After Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were successfully prepared into CHF, they were randomly divided into normal control group, model (untreated CHF) group,  captopril group, high-dose, middledose and low-dose of ZWD groups, and were  treated with drugs for 4 weeks respectively. At the end of the experiment,  hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, blood creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined.Results: Compared with normal control group, ZWD group showed decreased arterial systolic pressure (SBP, 89.16 ± 17.27 mmHg), diastolic pressure (DBP, 72.54 ± 22.36 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (MAP, 72.64 ± 11.87 mmHg), heart rate (HR, 368.25 ± 39.12 beats/min), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP, 105.27 ± 15.23 mmHg), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (19.52 ± 1.89 mmHg), whole heart weight index (2.74 ± 0.16 mg/g), blood CK (0.98 ± 0.16 U/mL), MDA (17.28 ± 2.94 nmol/mL), NO (36.35 ± 3.27 umol/L), NOS (39.89 ± 3.56 U/mL) significantly  increased (p < 0.05). High dose of ZWD significantly improved hemodynamic  function, lowered MDA (8.85 ± 2.14 nmol/mL) and NO (24.25 ± 3.21 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.58 ± 0.37 U/mL) and NOS (26.12 ± 3.87 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: ZWD improves adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats significantly, and therefore has potential to be developed for the management of chronic congestive heart failure.Keywords: Zhen-wu decoction, Chronic heart failure, Hemodynamic function,  Oxidative stress

Effects of acid-base changes, hypoxia, and catecholamines on ventricular performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Beierholm ◽  
RN Grantham ◽  
DD O'Keefe ◽  
MB Laver ◽  
WM Daggett
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Maximum Rate Of Rise

Extracellular pH changes were produced in dogs with tris (hydroxy-methyl)-aminomethane (Tris) or NaHCO3 in the presence or absence of hypoxemia and before and after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Ventricular performance (VP) was evaluated by measurement of maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt max) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the canine right heart bypass preparation with aortic pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output held constant. Low pH diminished VP. Hypoxemia did not alter VP within the pH, suggesting that decreased V observed with acidosis before propranolol was due primarily to decreased myocardial response to catecholamines. Increase of pH with Tris increased VP significantly more than with NaHCO3. Beta blockade diminished the response of VP to Tris at a high pH;prior administration of reserpine abolished the inotropic effect of Tris. The data suggest that Tris can influence VP independent of its effect on pH. This effect is probably mediated by the interaction between endogenous catecholamines and myocardial beta receptors.

Inhibition of NO production increases myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption in congestive heart failure

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. H2278-H2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay H. Traverse ◽  
Yingjie Chen ◽  
Mingxiao Hou ◽  
Robert J. Bache
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
No Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing

Coronary blood flow (CBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MV˙o 2) are reduced in dogs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF), which suggests that energy metabolism is downregulated. Because nitric oxide (NO) can inhibit mitochondrial respiration, we examined the effects of NO inhibition on CBF and MV˙o 2 in dogs with CHF. CBF and MV˙o 2 were measured at rest and during treadmill exercise in 10 dogs with CHF produced by rapid ventricular pacing before and after inhibition of NO production with N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 10 mg/kg iv). The development of CHF was accompanied by decreases in aortic and left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure and an increase in LV end-diastolic pressure (25 ± 2 mmHg). l-NNA increased MV˙o 2 at rest (from 3.07 ± 0.61 to 4.15 ± 0.80 ml/min) and during exercise; this was accompanied by an increase in CBF at rest (from 31 ± 2 to 40 ± 4 ml/min) and during exercise (both P < 0.05). Althoughl-NNA significantly increased LV systolic pressure, similar increases in pressure produced by phenylephrine did not increase MV˙o 2. The findings suggest that NO exerts tonic inhibition on respiration in the failing heart.

scholarly journals Muscle metaboreflex-induced coronary vasoconstriction limits ventricular contractility during dynamic exercise in heart failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (7) ◽  
pp. H1029-H1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Coutsos ◽  
Javier A. Sala-Mercado ◽  
Masashi Ichinose ◽  
ZhenHua Li ◽  
Elizabeth J. Dawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Ventricular Contractility ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Coronary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Before And After

Muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) during dynamic exercise increases cardiac work and myocardial O2 demand via increases in heart rate, ventricular contractility, and afterload. This increase in cardiac work should lead to metabolic coronary vasodilation; however, no change in coronary vascular conductance occurs. This indicates that the MMA-induced increase in sympathetic activity to the heart, which raises heart rate, ventricular contractility, and cardiac output, also elicits coronary vasoconstriction. In heart failure, cardiac output does not increase with MMA presumably due to impaired ability to improve left ventricular contractility. In this setting actual coronary vasoconstriction is observed. We tested whether this coronary vasoconstriction could explain, in part, the reduced ability to increase cardiac performance during MMA. In conscious, chronically instrumented dogs before and after pacing-induced heart failure, MMA responses during mild exercise were observed before and after α1-adrenergic blockade (prazosin 20–50 μg/kg). During MMA, the increases in coronary vascular conductance, coronary blood flow, maximal rate of left ventricular pressure change, and cardiac output were significantly greater after α1-adrenergic blockade. We conclude that in subjects with heart failure, coronary vasoconstriction during MMA limits the ability to increase left ventricular contractility.

Rapid ventricular pacing in pigs: an experimental model of congestive heart failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. H1603-H1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chow ◽  
J. C. Woodard ◽  
D. J. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing

To develop an improved animal model of congestive heart failure, 11 female farm pigs (wt, 42-46 kg) underwent rapid ventricular pacing at 230 beats/min for 7 days with a modified Medtronic unipolar pacemaker connected to an apical pacing lead. After 7 days the pacemaker was turned off, anesthesia induced, the chest opened, and cardiac hemodynamic and dimensional studies were performed. Results were subsequently compared with data from 12 control pigs that received no pacing. Two pigs died before measurements could be determined. Cardiac output in the paced animals (0.061 +/- 0.018 l.min-1.kg-1) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than in control pigs (0.085 +/- 0.016 l.min-1.kg-1), when compared at the same resting heart rate. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (23.2 +/- 7.7 vs. 8.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg, P less than 0.01) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic pressure (9.0 +/- 3.1 vs. 4.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg, P less than 0.01) were significantly greater in the paced pigs. Significant increases in both septal-lateral LV end-diastolic dimension (60.3 +/- 3.9 vs. 52.1 +/- 7.2 mm, P less than 0.01) and RV end-diastolic dimension (47.2 +/- 5.7 vs. 40.8 +/- 4.7 mm, P less than 0.05) indicated biventricular dilation in the paced pigs. They also exhibited a significantly greater heart weight-to-total body weight ratio and clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, with hepatomegaly and ascites. These results demonstrate that 1 wk of rapid ventricular pacing at 230 beats/min produces a realistic model of congestive heart failure in the pig.

scholarly journals Effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract on chronic heart failure in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075-2079
Author(s):  
Huang Kang ◽  
Lu Shi-juan ◽  
Zhong Jiang-hua ◽  
Wu Miao ◽  
Zhang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract (AME) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Methods: After Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were successfully establised into CHF, they were randomly divided into normal control group, negative control group, captopril group, as well as 1.4, 2.8 and 5.6 g/kg of AME groups, and treated with drugs for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, blood creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured. Results: Compared with the normal control group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP)(83.12 ± 16.21 mmHg), diastolic pressure (DBP, (75.16 ± 20.18 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (MAP 76.32 ± 13.43 mmHg), heart rate (HR 353.25 ± 36.34 beats/min), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP 101.24 ± 16.13 mmHg), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP (22.13 ± 1.57 mmHg), whole heart weight index (2.74 ± 0.16 mg/g), blood CK (0.93 ± 0.14 U/mL), MDA (19.13 ± 2.26 nmol/mL), NO (34.21 ± 3.16 umol/L), and NOS (42.13 ± 3.24 U/mL) increased significantly increased in the negative control group (p < 0.05). High dose AME significantly improved hemodynamic function, lowered MDA (8.75 ± 2.09 nmol/mL) and NO (22.14 ± 3.27 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.57 ± 0.31 U/mL) and NOS (24.24 ± 3.38 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: AME significantly improve adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats, which could be used for the therapeutic management of chronic congestive heart failure in future.

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