Detrusor hyperplasia and expression of "immediate early" genes with onset of abnormal urodynamic parameters

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. R1284-R1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Karim ◽  
N. Seki ◽  
J. L. Mostwin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Urodynamic Parameters

To determine the stimulus for growth of the detrusor with a pathophysiological obstruction to the urinary stream, we studied urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, detrusor DNA content, and the expression of early growth-related protooncogenes in a model of gradual onset bladder outflow obstruction and reversal of obstruction. Silver jeweler's jump rings were placed loosely round the urethra of immature guinea pigs, allowing an obstruction to develop gradually with animal growth. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after surgery, animals were killed after urodynamic studies under urethan anesthesia. Bladders were removed, and mucosa-free detrusor was weighed and frozen for assay of DNA content and expression of c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes. Results were compared with sham-operated age-matched control animals. One week after surgery there was no change in the urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, or DNA content. At 2, 4, and 8 wk after placement of the silver rings, animals developed obstructive voiding patterns, an increase in detrusor weight, and total DNA content. The onset of obstructive voiding patterns correlated with transient increased levels of c-fos and c-myc mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Autoradiography of in vivo [methyl-3H]thymidine-labeled detrusor muscle from obstructed animals showed myocyte DNA synthesis and mitosis, implying myocyte hyperplasia. After removal of the silver ring, the obstructive voiding patterns resolved and detrusor weight and DNA content returned to levels of the control animals. These results suggest that in the guinea pig bladder subjected to a gradual onset outflow obstruction, detrusor growth is initiated by the development of obstructive voiding patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Gaesser ◽  
Claire Underwood ◽  
Renata L. Linardi ◽  
Kayla M. Even ◽  
Virginia B. Reef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Intralesional Injection ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Normal Tendon ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The Difference

Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis model. We hypothesized intralesional injection of APS would result in superior structural and biomechanical healing. SDF tendonitis was induced in both forelimbs of eight horses using collagenase injection. One forelimb was randomly assigned to receive an intralesional injection of APS, while the other was injected with saline. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at weeks −1, 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 following treatment. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanized and SDF samples harvested. Histologic evaluation, biomechanical testing, gene expression analysis, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and total DNA quantification were performed. Collagen type III (COL3A1) expression was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in saline treated tendon than in normal tendon. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in gene expression. There were no significant differences in histologic or ultrasonographic scores between groups. Mean total DNA content was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in saline treated tendons than normal tendons, whereas total DNA content was not significantly different between APS treated tendon and normal tendon. Elastic modulus was higher in APS treated than saline treated tendon, but the difference was not significant. Reduced expression of COL3A1 in APS treated tendon may indicate superior healing. Increased total DNA content in saline treated tendon may indicate ongoing healing processes, vs. APS treated tendons which may be in the later stages of healing. Limitations include a relatively short study period and inconsistency in size and severity of induced lesions. Intralesional injection of APS resulted in some improvements in healing characteristics.

scholarly journals Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Shukla ◽  
Pravat Kumar Mandal ◽  
Manjari Tripathi ◽  
Gayatri Vishwakarma ◽  
Ritwick Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Cingulate Cortex

The role of the cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction in human osteoblastlike cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahum Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Expected Increase

The regulation of osteoblast proliferation is a key factor in maintaining bone mass. The enhancement of this process can be achieved by stimulating the proliferation of these cells. Mechanical stimulation is one of the important enhancing factors, but the exact cellular mechanisms of mechanical stimulation, i.e., mechanotransduction, are unknown. In order to investigate the role of the cytoskeleton components in mechanotransduction for cell proliferation, I compared the total DNA content in cultured replicates of osteoblast-like cells derived from three human donors following their exposure to enhancing mechanical stimulation, with and without added specific microtubular and microfilament polymerization blockers (Colchicin and Cytochalasin D, respectively). The results revealed the essential and unique role of the microtubular component of the cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction for proliferation by showing that Colchicin blocked the expected increase in the DNA content after mechanical stimulation of the cultured replicates without altering the total DNA content in replicates at static conditions. Conversely, a specific blockage of the microfilament polymerization presented uniform cytotoxic effect in both static and biomechanically active environments. Since previous reports indicated the essential role of microfilament polymerization for the osteoblast metabolic activity, the results of this study further support the hypothesis that the mechanotransduction mechanisms for proliferation and metabolic activity are mediated by different intracellular pathways.

DNA content distribution of in vivo and in vitro lines of Lewis lung carcinoma

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Starace ◽  
G. Badaracco ◽  
C. Greco ◽  
A. Sacchi ◽  
G. Zupi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Content Distribution ◽  
Lewis Lung

Studies on the DNA of Xenopus laevis oocytes

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
J. Hanocq-Quertier ◽  
E. Baltus ◽  
A. Ficq ◽  
J. Brachet
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Phenol Extraction ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dna ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Origin ◽  
Discussion Review

The existence of substantial amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the cytoplasm of amphibian eggs is no longer a matter of discussion (review, Brachet, 1957). However, their intracellular distribution, role and origin remain controversial. According to Dawid (1965, 1966), the bulk of the egg cytoplasmic DNA in Xenopus is of mitochondrial origin. His method of phenol extraction isolates only high molecular weight DNA. On the other hand, Baltus & Brachet (1962) found that 65% of the DNA of Pleurodeles eggs sediments at low centrifugal speed and suggested that this nucleic acid is localized in the yolk platelets. This conclusion was based on chemical estimations of the total DNA present in the egg; they found values about 10 times higher than those presented by Dawid (1966). Brachet & Ficq (1965) confirmed that, in ovaries of Pleurodeles labelled with 14C-actinomycin, either in vivo or on histological sections, most of the radioactivity detected by autoradiography is concentrated in the yolk.

231 Partial urethral outflow obstruction alters spontaneous peristaltic ureter activity in vivo in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e231
Author(s):  
R. Buono ◽  
L. Villa ◽  
F. Benigni ◽  
A. Russo ◽  
A. Briganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outflow Obstruction

scholarly journals Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2505-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tankovic ◽  
B Perichon ◽  
J Duval ◽  
P Courvalin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Total Dna

We have analyzed by gene amplification and sequencing mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants obtained during therapy or in vitro. Mutations leading to substitutions in ParC were detected in the two mutants obtained in vivo, BM4203-R (substitution of a histidine for an aspartate at position 84 [Asp-84-->His]; Staphylococcus aureus coordinates) and BM4204-R (Ser-80-->Phe), and in two mutants obtained in vitro (Ser-80-->Tyr). An additional mutant obtained in vitro, BM4205-R3, displayed a higher level of fluoroquinolone resistance and had a mutation in gyrA leading to a Ser-84-->Phe change. We could not detect any mutation in the three remaining mutants obtained in vitro. Total DNA from BM4203-R, BM4204-R, and BM4205-R3 was used to transform S. pneumoniae CP1000 by selection on fluoroquinolones. For the parC mutants, transformants with phenotypes indistinguishable from those of the donors were obtained at frequencies (5 x 10(-3) to 8 x 10(-3)) compatible with monogenic transformation. By contrast, transformants were obtained at a low frequency (4 x 10(-5)), compatible with the transformation of two independent genes, for the gyrA mutant. Resistant transformants of CP1000 were also obtained with an amplified fragment of parC from BM4203-R and BM4204-R but not with a gyrA fragment from BM4205-R3. All transformants had mutations identical to those in the donors. These data strongly suggest that ParC is the primary target for fluoroquinolones in S. pneumoniae and that BM4205-R3 is resistant to higher levels of the drugs following the acquisition of two mutations, including one in gyrA.

Mechanisms of the defect in cardiac myofibrillar function during diabetes

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. E170-E175 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Pierce ◽  
N. S. Dhalla
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Myofibrillar Atpase ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Cardiac Membranes ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Rat Hearts

Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body wt), and animals were killed 8 wk later. Some animals were maintained in a diabetic state for 6 wk and then given 2 wk of insulin treatment in vivo. Myofibrils were isolated and ATPase activities measured. Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities were depressed in diabetic rat hearts in comparison to control; insulin treatment normalized these activities. The depression in myofibrillar ATPases was of gradual onset as no changes were detected 2 wk after inducing diabetes. Treatment of diabetic animals with thyroid hormone did not restore changes in myofibrillar ATPase activities. Marker enzyme activities did not reveal any detectable contamination by cardiac membranes. Mg2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar preparations from control and diabetic hearts responded differently to N-ethylmaleimide modification. Furthermore, myofibrillar sulfhydryl reactivity to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was significantly depressed in diabetic preparations in comparison to control and insulin-treated diabetic animals. These results suggest that the defect in myofibrillar ATPase activities in chronic diabetes may be due to some modification of sulfhydryl groups.

Alterations in the cell cycle of mouse cumulus granulosa cells during expansion and mucification in vivo and in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Schuetz ◽  
DG Whittingham ◽  
R Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
S Phase

The cell cycle characteristics of mouse cumulus granulosa cells were determined before, during and following their expansion and mucification in vivo and in vitro. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were recovered from ovarian follicles or oviducts of prepubertal mice previously injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or a mixture of PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin (PMSG+hCG) to synchronize follicle differentiation and ovulation. Cell cycle parameters were determined by monitoring DNA content of cumulus cell nuclei, collected under rigorously controlled conditions, by flow cytometry. The proportion of cumulus cells in three cell cycle-related populations (G0/G1; S; G2/M) was calculated before and after exposure to various experimental conditions in vivo or in vitro. About 30% of cumulus cells recovered from undifferentiated (compact) COC isolated 43-45 h after PMSG injections were in S phase and 63% were in G0/G1 (2C DNA content). Less than 10% of the cells were in the G2/M population. Cell cycle profiles of cumulus cells recovered from mucified COC (oviducal) after PMSG+hCG-induced ovulation varied markedly from those collected before hCG injection and were characterized by the relative absence of S-phase cells and an increased proportion of cells in G0/G1. Cell cycle profiles of cumulus cells collected from mucified COC recovered from mouse ovarian follicles before ovulation (9-10 h after hCG) were also characterized by loss of S-phase cells and an increased G0/G1 population. Results suggest that changes in cell cycle parameters in vivo are primarily mediated in response to physiological changes that occur in the intrafollicular environment initiated by the ovulatory stimulus. A similar lack of S-phase cells was observed in mucified cumulus cells collected 24 h after exposure in vitro of compact COC to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (DBcAMP), follicle-stimulating hormone or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Additionally, the proportion of cumulus cells in G2/M was enhanced in COC exposed to DBcAMP, suggesting that cell division was inhibited under these conditions. Thus, both the G1-->S-phase and G2-->M-phase transitions in the cell cycle appear to be amenable to physiological regulation. Time course studies revealed dose-dependent changes in morphology occurred within 6 h of exposure in vitro of COC to EGF or DBcAMP. Results suggest that the disappearance of the S-phase population is a consequence of a decline in the number of cells beginning DNA synthesis and exit of cells from the S phase following completion of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, loss of proliferative activity in cumulus cells appears to be closely associated with COC expansion and mucification, whether induced under physiological conditions in vivo or in response to a range of hormonal stimuli in vitro. The observations indicate that several signal-transducing pathways mediate changes in cell cycle parameters during cumulus cell differentiation.

Pancreatic growth after partial resection of normal and enlarged pancreas in rats fed soya flour

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. G670-G675
Author(s):  
P. S. Oates ◽  
R. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Soya Flour ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Normal Pancreas ◽  
Nonparenchymal Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Growth ◽  
Total Dna

Pancreatic growth was studied after partial resection of the normal-sized pancreas in rats fed heated soya flour (HSF) or the enlarged gland in rats fed raw soya flour (RSF). Resection involved the removal of the splenic and gastric segments and in both the normal and enlarged gland this represents a loss of approximately 55% of total pancreatic mass. After partial resection animals were either continued on these preresected diets or changed to the alternative diets. For at least the first 8 days after resection, in all conditions studied, there was a significant increase in DNA synthesis in the pancreas, involving both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as shown by autoradiography. The increased cell turnover was not associated with any increase in total DNA content of the gland, indicating that the increase paralleled cell loss in response to injury caused by the surgery. By 160 days after resection of the normal pancreas, RSF feeding caused both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the remnant, but after partial resection of the enlarged gland, growth was limited to hypertrophy. These results suggest that the pancreas has a limited capacity for additional growth after that initially caused by RSF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document