scholarly journals Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Gaesser ◽  
Claire Underwood ◽  
Renata L. Linardi ◽  
Kayla M. Even ◽  
Virginia B. Reef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Intralesional Injection ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Normal Tendon ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The Difference

Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis model. We hypothesized intralesional injection of APS would result in superior structural and biomechanical healing. SDF tendonitis was induced in both forelimbs of eight horses using collagenase injection. One forelimb was randomly assigned to receive an intralesional injection of APS, while the other was injected with saline. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at weeks −1, 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 following treatment. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanized and SDF samples harvested. Histologic evaluation, biomechanical testing, gene expression analysis, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and total DNA quantification were performed. Collagen type III (COL3A1) expression was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in saline treated tendon than in normal tendon. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in gene expression. There were no significant differences in histologic or ultrasonographic scores between groups. Mean total DNA content was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in saline treated tendons than normal tendons, whereas total DNA content was not significantly different between APS treated tendon and normal tendon. Elastic modulus was higher in APS treated than saline treated tendon, but the difference was not significant. Reduced expression of COL3A1 in APS treated tendon may indicate superior healing. Increased total DNA content in saline treated tendon may indicate ongoing healing processes, vs. APS treated tendons which may be in the later stages of healing. Limitations include a relatively short study period and inconsistency in size and severity of induced lesions. Intralesional injection of APS resulted in some improvements in healing characteristics.

255 THE ESTROGENIC EVALUATION OF PARABENS USING RAT UTERINE CALBINDIN-D9k

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
T. T. B. Vo ◽  
E. B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Calbindin D9k ◽  
The Difference

In the current study, calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), a potent biomarker for screening estrogen-like environmental chemicals in vivo and in vitro, was adopted to examine the potential estrogen-like property of the following parabens: propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-, and isobutyl-paraben. Immature female rats were administered for 3 days from postnatal day 14 to 16 with 17?-ethinylestradiol (EE, 1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) per day) or parabens (62.5, 250, and 1000 mg/kg of BW per day). In uterotrophic assays, significantly increased uterus weights were detected in the EE-treated group and in the groups treated with the greatest dose of isopropyl-, butyl- and isobutyl-paraben. In addition, these parabens induced uterine CaBP-9k mRNA and protein levels, whereas co-treatment of parabens and fulvestrant (Faslodex, formerly known as ICI 182, 780), a pure estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, completely reversed the paraben-induced gene expression and increased uterine weights. To investigate the ER-mediated mechanism(s) by which parabens exert their effects, the expression level of ERα and progesterone receptor (PR) was analyzed. Exposure to EE or parabens caused a dramatic decrease in expression of both ER? mRNA and protein levels, whereas co-treatment with fulvestrant reversed these effects. These data showed the difference of CaBP-9k and ER? expression, suggesting that CaBP-9k might not express via ER? pathway. In the effect of parabens on CaBP-9k expression through PR mediation, a significantly increased expression of uterine PR gene, a well-known ER regulating gene, at both transcriptional and translational levels was indicated in the greatest dose of isopropyl- and butyl-paraben. These parabens induced PR gene expression that was completely blocked by fulvestrant. This result indicates that CaBP-9k expression might involve PR mediates in the estrogenic effect of paraben in immature rat uteri. Taken together, parabens exhibited an estrogen-like property in vivo, which might be mediated by a PR and/or ER? signaling pathway. In addition, our results expanded the current understanding of the potential adverse effects of parabens associated with their estrogen-like activities. Further investigation is needed to elucidate in greater detail the adverse effects of parabens in humans and wildlife.

Tendon Healing In Vivo: Gene Expression and Production of Multiple Growth Factors in Early Tendon Healing Period

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Hao Chen ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Ya Fang Wu ◽  
Anthony J. Bais ◽  
Jing Song Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Healing Period

Inhaled nitric oxide increases surfactant protein gene expression in the intact lamb

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. L628-L633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan B. Stuart ◽  
Boaz Ovadia ◽  
Vincent V. Suzara ◽  
Patrick A. Ross ◽  
Stephan Thelitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Lung Biopsies

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used to treat a number of disease processes. Although in vitro data suggest that nitric oxide (NO) alters surfactant protein gene expression, the effects in vivo have not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of iNO on surfactant protein (SP)-A, -B, and -C gene expression in the intact lamb. Thirteen 4-wk-old lambs were mechanically ventilated with 21% oxygen and received iNO at 40 ppm ( n = 7) or vehicle gas ( n = 6) for 24 h. Peripheral lung biopsies were obtained at 0, 12, and 24 h and analyzed for surfactant mRNA, protein, and total DNA content. Inhaled NO increased SP-A and SP-B mRNA content by 80% from 0 to 12 h and by 78 and 71%, respectively, from 0 to 24 h. There was an increase in SP-A and SP-B protein content by 45% from 0 to 12 h, and a decrease by 70 and 65%, respectively, from 0 to 24 h. DNA content was unchanged. The mechanisms and physiological effects of these findings warrant further investigation.

Cell-Free Book-Shaped Decellularized Tendon Matrix Graft Capable of Controlled Release of BMP-12 to Improve Tendon Healing in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199455
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Muzhi Li ◽  
Qiang Shi ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
A Cell

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) defects often occur in traumatic and chronic injuries. Currently, no graft can satisfactorily regenerate parallel tendinous tissue at the defect site to completely restore AT function. Purpose: To develop a cell-free functional graft by tethering bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12) on a book-shaped decellularized tendon matrix (BDTM) and to determine whether this graft is more beneficial for AT defect healing than an autograft. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Canine patellar tendon was sectioned into a book shape and decellularized to fabricate a BDTM. The collagen-binding domain (CBD) was fused into the N-terminus of BMP-12 to synthesize a recombinant BMP-12 (CBD-BMP-12), which was tethered to the BDTM to prepare a cell-free functional graft (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM). After its tensile resistance, tenogenic inducibility, and BMP-12 release dynamics were evaluated, the efficacy of the graft for tendon regeneration was determined in a rat model. A total of 140 mature male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent AT tenotomy. The defect was reconstructed with reversed AT (autograft group), native BMP-12 tethered to an intact decellularized tendon matrix (IDTM; NAT-BMP-12/IDTM group), native BMP-12 tethered to a BDTM (NAT-BMP-12/BDTM group), CBD-BMP-12 tethered on an IDTM (CBD-BMP-12/IDTM group), and CBD-BMP-12 tethered on a BDTM (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group). The rats were sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after surgery to harvest AT specimens. Six specimens from each group at each time point were used for histological evaluation; the remaining 8 specimens were used for biomechanical testing. Results: In vitro CBD-BMP-12/BDTM was noncytotoxic, showed high biomimetics with native tendons, was suitable for cell adhesion and growth, and had superior tenogenic inducibility. In vivo the defective AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group regenerated more naturally than in the other groups, as indicated by more spindle-shaped fibroblasts embedded in a matrix of parallel fibers. The biomechanical properties of the regenerated AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group also increased more significantly than in the other groups. Conclusion: CBD-BMP-12/BDTM is more beneficial than autograft for healing AT defects in a rat model. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study demonstrate that CBD-BMP-12/BDTM can serve as a practical graft for reconstructing AT defects.

The In Vivo Response of Foetal Tendons to Sutures

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. AL-QATTAN ◽  
J. C. POSNICK ◽  
K. Y. LIN
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Normal Tendon ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

The in vivo response of foetal flexor digitorum profundus tendons to tendon sutures was studied macroscopically and microscopically in foetal lambs. No tendon adhesions were noted at any of the examination intervals. 4 days after injury, a mild inflammatory reaction was noted around the suture. The tendon examined at the 4-week interval showed evidence of migration of epitenon cells from the outer surface of the tendon into the suture track. The tendon examined at the 6-week interval showed normal tendon fibres surrounding the suture site. Differences between foetal skin and foetal tendon healing are discussed along with the possible role of amniotic fluid in modulating the healing process in the foetus.

Detrusor hyperplasia and expression of "immediate early" genes with onset of abnormal urodynamic parameters

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. R1284-R1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Karim ◽  
N. Seki ◽  
J. L. Mostwin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Urodynamic Parameters

To determine the stimulus for growth of the detrusor with a pathophysiological obstruction to the urinary stream, we studied urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, detrusor DNA content, and the expression of early growth-related protooncogenes in a model of gradual onset bladder outflow obstruction and reversal of obstruction. Silver jeweler's jump rings were placed loosely round the urethra of immature guinea pigs, allowing an obstruction to develop gradually with animal growth. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after surgery, animals were killed after urodynamic studies under urethan anesthesia. Bladders were removed, and mucosa-free detrusor was weighed and frozen for assay of DNA content and expression of c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes. Results were compared with sham-operated age-matched control animals. One week after surgery there was no change in the urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, or DNA content. At 2, 4, and 8 wk after placement of the silver rings, animals developed obstructive voiding patterns, an increase in detrusor weight, and total DNA content. The onset of obstructive voiding patterns correlated with transient increased levels of c-fos and c-myc mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Autoradiography of in vivo [methyl-3H]thymidine-labeled detrusor muscle from obstructed animals showed myocyte DNA synthesis and mitosis, implying myocyte hyperplasia. After removal of the silver ring, the obstructive voiding patterns resolved and detrusor weight and DNA content returned to levels of the control animals. These results suggest that in the guinea pig bladder subjected to a gradual onset outflow obstruction, detrusor growth is initiated by the development of obstructive voiding patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes promote tendon healing by activating both SMAD1/5/9 and SMAD2/3

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengchen Liu ◽  
Mingzhao Zhang ◽  
Manyu Shi ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tenogenic Differentiation

Abstract Background The use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) may become a new therapeutic method in biomedicine owing to their important role in regenerative medicine. However, the role of ADSC-Exos in tendon repair has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the healing effects of ADSC-Exos on tendon injury. Methods The adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) and tendon stem cells (TSCs) were isolated from the subcutaneous fat and tendon tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, and exosomes were isolated from ADSCs. The proliferation and migration of TSCs induced by ADSC-Exos were analyzed by EdU, cell scratch, and transwell assays. We used western blot to analyze the tenogenic differentiation of TSCs and the role of the SMAD signaling pathways. Then, we explored a new treatment method for tendon injury, combining exosome therapy with local targeting using a biohydrogel. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of inflammatory and tenogenic differentiation after tendon injury, respectively. The quality of tendon healing was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and biomechanical testing. Results ADSC-Exos could be absorbed by TSCs and promoted the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of these cells. This effect may have depended on the activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/9 pathways. Furthermore, ADSC-Exos inhibited the early inflammatory reaction and promoted tendon healing in vivo. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrated that ADSC-Exos contributed to tendon regeneration and provided proof of concept of a new approach for treating tendon injuries.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document