Effects of drinking on thirst and vasopressin in dehydrated elderly men

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. R877-R881 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
M. Bretherton ◽  
J. Risvanis ◽  
D. Casley ◽  
C. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Inhibition of dehydration-induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion and thirst depends on removal of osmotic and hemodynamic stimuli as well as on preabsorptive oropharyngeal factors that reduce thirst and AVP secretion on drinking before correction of the water deficits. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels may also change with drinking. Therefore, the thirst and plasma responses to oral water loads (10 ml/kg) in 10 healthy old (64-76 yr) and young (20-32 yr) 24-h water-deprived men were investigated. After 24-h water deprivation plasma sodium, osmolality, and AVP were increased similarly in both groups (P < 0.001). Plasma ANP levels fell after dehydration similarly in both groups (P < 0.05) but were always higher in the older group (P < 0.05). However, although thirst increased in both groups (P < 0.05), this was significantly less in the elderly (P < 0.05). After the water load, thirst was reduced in both groups throughout the study (P < 0.05). However, plasma AVP fell immediately after drinking only in the young group and rose to postdeprivation levels after 15 min. Plasma AVP was not different from postdeprivation throughout in the old group and after 15 min in the young group presumably because the water load was insufficient to replace their water deficits. In the young group only, plasma ANP rose to 182 +/- 43% of postdeprivation levels at 3 min after drinking (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate reduced oropharyngeal inhibition of AVP secretion after drinking in healthy elderly men but maintained inhibition of thirst.

The response of plasma arginine vasopressin to 14 h water deprivation in the elderly

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Huai Li ◽  
Shao Ming Hsieh ◽  
Isamu Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Abstract. The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to 14 h water deprivation was investigated in 30 healthy elderly individuals ranging in age from 63 to 87 years, with a mean age of 76.5 years. The mean AVP concentrations, both at normal hydration and after the water deprivation test, were significantly lower than those in the young. Moreover, the post-test mean value of Uosm/Posm in the elderly increased up to 1.55 ± 0.52, which is lower than that in the young in whom the value was greater than 2. These results suggest that the aged are prone to incomplete diabetes insipidus. This pathological state might predispose to electrolyte imbalance in the elderly.

Initial ventilatory and circulatory responses to dynamic exercise are slowed in the elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Ishida ◽  
Yasutake Sato ◽  
Keisho Katayama ◽  
Miharu Miyamura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Circulatory Response ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Passive Movements

To elucidate the characteristics of ventilatory and circulatory responses at the onset of brief and light exercise in the elderly, 13 healthy, elderly men, aged 66.8 yr (mean), exerted bilateral leg extension-flexion movements for only 20 s with a weight around each ankle, with each weight being ∼2.5% of their body mass. Similar movements were passively performed on the subjects by the experimenters. These results were compared with those of 13 healthy, young men (22.9 yr). Minute ventilation increased at the onset of voluntary exercise and passive movements in both groups but showed a slower increase in the elderly. Heart rate also increased in both groups but showed less change in the elderly. Mean blood pressure temporarily decreased in both groups but less in the elderly. The magnitude of relative change (gain) of heart rate in the elderly was significantly smaller than that in the young, whereas the increasing rate to reach one-half of the gain (response time) of ventilation in the elderly was significantly slower than that in the young. Similar tendencies were observed in the passive movements. It is concluded that the elderly show slower ventilatory response and attenuated circulatory response at the onset of dynamic voluntary exercise and passive movements.

Effect of aging and bolus variables on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter motor function

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. G427-G432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shaker ◽  
J. Ren ◽  
B. Podvrsan ◽  
W. J. Dodds ◽  
W. J. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Pressure Wave Amplitude ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Effect of aging, bolus volume, temperature, and consistency on the pharyngeal peristalsis, as well as the effect of aging on the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) resting pressure and its response to esophageal distension by air and balloon, were studied in 14 young and 12 healthy elderly volunteers. In both age groups there was no significant volume or temperature effect on amplitude, duration, or velocity of the pharyngeal peristalsis. Compared with water swallows, mashed potato swallows resulted in a significant increase in the amplitude and duration of the hypopharyngeal peristaltic pressure wave (P < 0.05). For water swallows, the amplitude and duration of the peristaltic pressure wave in the hypopharynx were significantly increased in the elderly compared with the young group (P < 0.01). UES resting pressure in the elderly measured 43 +/- 5 (SE) mmHg and was significantly less than that of the young (71 +/- 8 mmHg; P < 0.01). Magnitude of the UES pressure decrease because of esophageal distension by air, as well as magnitude of its pressure increase because of esophageal balloon distension, was similar among young and elderly. 1) Contrary to common expectations, the parameters of the pharyngeal peristaltic pressure wave do not deteriorate in the elderly in their seventh and eighth decade. 2) Compared with the young, hypopharyngeal pressure wave amplitude and duration are significantly increased in the elderly. This increase could be caused by an adaptation response to a pharyngeal outflow compromise. 3) Pharyngeal peristaltic pressure wave amplitude and duration, but not its velocity, are modulated by the bolus consistency. This modulatory mechanism is preserved in the elderly. 4) Although UES resting pressure is significantly decreased in the elderly, its pressure response to esophageal distension by air and balloon is preserved.

Effect of Aging on Free Amino Acids and Electrolytes in Leg Skeletal Muscle

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Möller ◽  
J. Bergström ◽  
S. Eriksson ◽  
P. Fürst ◽  
K. Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Difference

1. The concentrations of electrolytes and free amino acids in plasma and the quadriceps femoris muscle were studied in ten apparently healthy elderly men, 52–77 years of age. The results were compared with those previously recorded for men 20–36 years old. 2. The two groups of subjects did not differ with regard to serum electrolytes and intracellular water content but the extracellular water in the older subjects exceeded that of the younger group by about 50%. The muscle specimens of the elderly men were also characterized by a 40% elevation of their total contents of Na+ and Cl−, whereas the content of K+ and Mg2+ was almost identical in both groups. 3. The means recorded for the plasma concentrations of most amino acids tended to be higher in the elderly men. The differences reached statistical significance for tyrosine, histidine, valine, lysine and total essential amino acids. In keeping with the findings in plasma, the amino acid concentrations in the muscle of the older group tended to exceed those of the younger ones. The difference reached statistical significance with regard to total amino acids, essential and non-essential amino acids, aspartate, alanine, citrulline, histidine, arginine, leucine and lysine. The various mechanisms that may contribute to these findings are discussed.

Effect of Carbamazepine on Plasma and Urine Arginine-Vasopressin

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Thomas ◽  
S. G. Ball ◽  
J. K. Wales ◽  
M. R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Plasma

1. Five normal subjects were studied before and during treatment with carbamazepine. 2. Plasma sodium, plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin and urine osmolality were measured during a day of water deprivation, before and during drug treatment. 3. During treatment with carbamazepine plasma sodium increased whereas plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin and urine osmolality decreased. Plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin were significantly correlated with urine osmolality. However, carbamazepine did not affect the osmolality of urine produced by the kidney, in response to endogenous arginine-vasopressin. 4. Plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin were significantly correlated with plasma sodium on both control and drug-treatment days, but the relationships of plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin to plasma sodium were different during carbamazepine treatment, as compared with the control period. 5. It is suggested that the threshold of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors for release of arginine-vasopressin is modified by carbamazepine, and that this may be either a direct action or secondary to another action of the drug.

Hyponatraemia in quadriplegic patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Leehey ◽  
Alicia A. Picache ◽  
Gary L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. Studies were performed in five hyponatraemic (plasma sodium 129 ±1.6 mmol/l; plasma osmolality 268 ±3.0 mosmol/kg) quadriplegic patients in order to elucidate its aetiology. Five age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. 2. Daily urine volumes were high (4454 ± 624 ml) in the quadriplegic patients secondary to habitually increased fluid intake. 3. All quadriplegic patients had suppressed plasma arginine vasopressin levels (< 0.8 pmol/l) and were able to form dilute urine after a water load (20 ml/kg). However, free water clearance and the ability to excrete the water load were frequently impaired, and these defects were associated with reductions in both osmolar clearance and delivery of filtrate to the distal diluting sites of the nephron. 4. During hypertonic saline (5%, w/v, NaCl) infusion, plasma arginine vasopressin rose progressively before plasma osmolality reached the normal range, consistent with a resetting of the osmostat. 5. We conclude that hyponatraemia in quadriplegic patients is related to an intrarenal defect in water excretion and resetting of the osmostat coupled with increased fluid intake.

Atrial natriuretic peptide during water deprivation or hemorrhage in rats. Relationship with arginine vasopressin and osmolarity

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zongaso ◽  
A. Carayon ◽  
F. Masson ◽  
R. Isnard ◽  
J. Eurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Effects of plasma volume and osmolality on secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin in man

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuzi Kamoi ◽  
Fujio Sato ◽  
Okuhiro Arai ◽  
Miyuki Ishibashi ◽  
Tohru Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Osmotic Change ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract. To clarify the role of blood volume and osmolality in the mediation of the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and to examine the relationship between plasma ANP and plasma AVP levels in man, the effects of hypertonic saline and hypertonic mannitol infusion, and of water load on plasma levels of ANP and AVP were studied. Infusion of 5% saline to 7 healthy men at a rate of 0.05 ml min−1·kg−1 for 2 h resulted in a parallel rise in plasma sodium, osmolality, plasma ANP and plasma AVP, indicating that plasma hyperosmolality stimulates secretion of both ANP and AVP. Infusion of 20% mannitol to 6 healthy men at the same rate resulted in a parallel increase in plasma osmolality, plasma ANP and AVP, whereas plasma sodium decreased, indicating that plasma hyperosmolality stimulates secretion of both ANP and AVP. Water load (20 ml/kg) into 7 healthy men produced a prompt and parallel fall in plasma sodium, plasma osmolality and plasma AVP. In contrast, plasma ANP and plasma volume, calculated from the changes in hematocrit, increased concomitantly, which indicates that expanded plasma volume stimulates secretion of plasma ANP. These results suggest that secretion of ANP in man is regulated principally by plasma volume, which may be modulated by a change in plasma osmolality. AVP secretion, on the other hand, is controlled mainly by osmotic change and secondarily by plasma volume.

Reduced Thirst after Water Deprivation in Healthy Elderly Men

1984 ◽  
Vol 311 (12) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy A. Phillips ◽  
Barbara J. Rolls ◽  
John G. G. Ledingham ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
James J. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Haemodynamic Responses in Young and Elderly, Healthy Subjects during Ambient and Warm Head-up Tilt

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lye ◽  
Tom Walley
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Postural Hypotension ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Qualitative Responses

1. Postural hypotension is common in elderly people and is usually multifactorial in origin. In young subjects increased ambient temperature is associated with postural symptoms. We hypothesized that such increases in skin temperature due to the use of bed clothes might contribute to nocturnal postural hypotension in the elderly. We therefore studied haemodynamic responses to head-up tilt in healthy elderly and young subjects, with and without passive heating induced by covering with blankets. 2. Nine young (28.7 ± 1.5 years; mean ± S.E.M.) and nine elderly (71.9 ± 1.8 years) subjects were studied. All had been carefully screened to exclude factors likely to affect responses to tilt. All subjects underwent a standard head-up tilt procedure at ambient room temperature while haemodynamic responses were monitored. The subjects were then covered in blankets for 55 min and the tilt repeated. Skin temperature before the second tilt had increased from approximately 32.5 °C to approximately 35.2 °C (P < 0.001). 3. The elderly subjects maintained higher blood pressures throughout both tilts (P < 0.001) and both groups showed similar qualitative responses to tilt. Supine heart rates were higher in the elderly group (P < 0.01) with a tendency to increase more in the young group in response to tilt, especially while warm (P = 0.370). Stroke volumes and cardiac indices were consistently higher in the young group who showed larger changes during both head-up tilts. In both groups the haemodynamic responses to ambient and warm tilt were essentially the same. 4. Healthy elderly subjects, who are carefully screened to exclude individuals with cardiovascular pathology, respond to head-up tilt in the same qualitative fashion as young subjects. Quantitative responses in older subjects are ‘damped’. Short-term natural body warming does not impair the reflexes in young or old subjects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document