White adipose tissue sympathetic nervous system denervation increases fat pad mass and fat cell number

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1488-R1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Youngstrom ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drive on white adipose tissue (WAT) was varied to test its effects on fat cell number (FCN) under conditions in which lipolysis would be minimized and therefore partially separable from SNS trophic effects. The inguinal subcutaneous WAT (IWAT) pad of Siberian hamsters was chosen because 1) it is innervated by the SNS, 2) short day (SD) exposure increases its SNS drive (∼250%) without proportionately increasing lipolysis, and 3) surgical denervation eliminates its SNS innervation. IWAT was either unilaterally surgically or sham denervated, while the contralateral pad was left intact. In long day- or SD-exposed hamsters (11 wk), IWAT denervation decreased norepinephrine content (∼80%) and increased fat pad mass (∼200%) and FCN (∼250 and ∼180%, respectively) compared with the contralateral intact pads, but did not affect fat cell size (FCS). The denervation-induced increased FCN in SDs occurred despite naturally occurring decreased food intake. SDs decreased IWAT FCS regardless of the surgical treatment. These results support an important role of WAT SNS innervation in the control of FCN in vivo.

Catecholaminergic innervation of white adipose tissue in Siberian hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. R744-R751 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Youngstrom ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
Catecholaminergic Innervation ◽  
Fat Pads

When Siberian hamsters are transferred from long summerlike days (LDs) to short winterlike days (SDs) they decrease their body weight, primarily as body fat. These SD-induced decreases in lipid stores are not uniform. Internally located white adipose tissue (WAT) pads are depleted preferentially of lipid, whereas the more externally located subcutaneous WAT pads are relatively spared. These data suggest a possible differential sympathetic neural control over catecholamine-induced lipolysis and that lipolytic rates are greater for internal vs. external WAT pads. Moreover, if these differential rates of lipolysis are due to differential sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drives on the pads, then fat pad-specific catecholaminergic innervation may exist. Therefore, we tested whether inguinal WAT (IWAT; an external pad) and epididymal WAT (EWAT; an internal pad) were innervated differentially. In addition, we tested whether norepinephrine (NE) turnover (TO) reflected the presumed greater SNS drive on EWAT vs. IWAT after SD exposure. Injections of fluorescent tract tracers [Fluoro-Gold or indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)] demonstrated projections from the SNS ganglia T13-L3 to both fat pads. Retrograde labeling revealed a relatively separate pattern of distribution of labeled neurons in the ganglia projecting to each pad. In vivo anterograde transport of DiI resulted in labeling in both IWAT and EWAT that included staining around individual adipocytes and occasionally retrogradely labeled cells. The proportionately greater decrease in EWAT compared with IWAT mass after 5 wk of SD exposure was reflected in greater EWAT NE TO than found in their LD counterparts for this pad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA is expressed in sympathetic nervous system outflow neurons to white adipose tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. R1467-R1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kay Song ◽  
Raven M. Jackson ◽  
Ruth B. S. Harris ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Energy balance results from the coordination of multiple pathways affecting energy expenditure and food intake. Candidate neuropeptides involved in energy balance are the melanocortins. Several species, including Siberian hamsters studied here, decrease and increase food intake in response to stimulation and blockade of the melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4-R). In addition, central application of the MC3/4-R agonist melanotan-II decreases body fat (increases lipolysis) beyond that accounted for by its ability to decrease food intake. Because an increase in the sympathetic nervous system drive to white adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal initiator of lipolysis, we tested whether the sympathetic outflow circuitry from brain to WAT contained MC4-R mRNA expressing cells. This was accomplished by labeling the sympathetic outflow to inguinal WAT using the pseudorabies virus (PRV), a transneuronal retrograde viral tract tracer, and then processing the brain for colocalization of PRV immunoreactivity with MC4-R mRNA, the latter assessed by in situ hybridization. MC4-R mRNA was impressively colocalized in PRV-labeled cells (approximately greater than 60%) in many brain areas across the neuroaxis, including those typically implicated in lipid mobilization (e.g., hypothalamic paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area), as well as those not traditionally identified with lipolysis (e.g., preoptic area, subzona incerta of the lateral hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, solitary nucleus). These data provide compelling neuroanatomical evidence that could underlie a direct central modulation of the sympathetic outflow to WAT by the melanocortins through the MC4-Rs resulting in changes in lipid mobilization and adiposity.

Sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue and its regulation of fat cell number

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. R1167-R1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Bowers ◽  
William T. L. Festuccia ◽  
C. Kay Song ◽  
Haifei Shi ◽  
Renato H. Migliorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Established Role

White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the central origins of this innervation have been demonstrated for inguinal and epididymal WAT (iWAT and eWAT, respectively) using a viral transneuronal tract tracer, the pseudorabies virus (PRV). Although the more established role of this sympathetic innervation of WAT is as a major stimulator of lipid mobilization, this innervation also inhibits WAT fat cell number (FCN); thus, local denervation of WAT leads to marked increases in WAT mass and FCN. The purpose of this study was to extend our understanding of the SNS regulation of FCN using neuroanatomical and functional analyses. Therefore, we injected PRV into retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) to compare the SNS outflow to this pad from what already is known for iWAT and eWAT. In addition, we tested the ability of local unilateral denervation of rWAT or iWAT to promote increases in WAT mass and FCN vs. their contralateral neurally intact counterparts. Although the overall pattern of innervation was more similar than different for rWAT vs. iWAT or eWAT, its SNS outflow appeared to involve more neurons in the suprachiasmatic and solitary tract nuclei. Denervation produced significant increases in WAT mass and FCN for both iWAT and rWAT, but FCN was increased significantly more in iWAT than in rWAT. These data suggest differences in origins of the sympathetic outflow to WAT and functional differences in the WAT SNS innervation that could contribute to the differential propensity for fat cell proliferation across WAT depots in vivo.

scholarly journals Fish oil intake induces UCP1 upregulation in brown and white adipose tissue via the sympathetic nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Kim ◽  
Tsuyoshi Goto ◽  
Rina Yu ◽  
Kunitoshi Uchida ◽  
Makoto Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals The sympathetic nervous system regulates the three glycerol-3P generation pathways in white adipose tissue of fasted, diabetic and high-protein diet-fed rats

Metabolism ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1473-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia Frasson ◽  
Renata Polessi Boschini ◽  
Valéria Ernestânia Chaves ◽  
Maria Emília Soares Martins dos Santos ◽  
Sílvia de Paula Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Sensory and sympathetic nervous system control of white adipose tissue lipolysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 318 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Bartness ◽  
Y.B. Shrestha ◽  
C.H. Vaughan ◽  
G.J. Schwartz ◽  
C.K. Song
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
System Control ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Central nervous system origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to white adipose tissue

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R291-R299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Bamshad ◽  
Victor T. Aoki ◽  
M. Gregory Adkison ◽  
Wade S. Warren ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Central Gray

White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurons, suggesting that lipid mobilization could be regulated by the SNS [T. G. Youngstrom and T. J. Bartness. Am. J. Physiol. 268 ( Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 37): R744–R751, 1995]. A viral transsynaptic retrograde tract tracer, the pseudorabies virus (PRV), was used to identify the origins of the SNS outflow from the brain to WAT neuroanatomically. PRV was injected into epididymal or inguinal WAT (EWAT and IWAT, respectively) of Siberian hamsters and IWAT of rats. PRV-infected neurons were visualized by immunocytochemistry and found in the spinal cord, brain stem (medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract, caudal raphe nucleus, C1 and A5 regions), midbrain (central gray), and several areas within the forebrain. The general pattern of infection of WAT in both species was more similar than different and resembled that seen after PRV injections into the adrenal medulla in rats (A. M. Strack, W. B. Sawyer, J. H. Hughes, K. B. Platt, and A. D. Loewy. Brain Res. 491: 156–162, 1989). EWAT versus IWAT injected hamsters had relatively less labeling in the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial, and arcuate nuclei. Overall, it appeared that the SNS innervation of WAT originates from the general SNS outflow of the central nervous system and therefore may play a significant role in lipid mobilization.

CNS origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to brown adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. R1569-R1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Bamshad ◽  
C. Kay Song ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a critical role in cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. Although BAT is densely innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), little is known about the central nervous system (CNS) origins of this innervation. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine the neuroanatomic chain of functionally connected neurons from the CNS to BAT. A transneuronal viral tract tracer, Bartha’s K strain of the pseudorabies virus (PRV), was injected into the interscapular BAT of Siberian hamsters. The animals were killed 4 and 6 days postinjection, and the infected neurons were visualized by immunocytochemistry. PRV-infected neurons were found in the spinal cord, brain stem, midbrain, and forebrain. The intensity of labeled neurons in the forebrain varied from heavy infections in the medial preoptic area and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to few infections in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, with moderate infections in the suprachiasmatic and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. These results define the SNS outflow from the brain to BAT for the first time in any species.

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