Estradiol impairs hyposmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. R1161-R1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilakath M. Vijayan ◽  
Akihiro Takemura ◽  
Thomas P. Mommsen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Protein Synthesis

Freshwater (FW)-adapted tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) were treated with estradiol (E2) for 4 days to stimulate protein synthesis and sampled at 0, 4, and 24 h after exposure to 50% seawater (SW). E2 increased circulating vitellogenin (VTG) levels in large amounts, indicative of unusually high rates of hepatic protein synthesis. E2 treatment prevented the recovery of plasma osmolality in 50% SW that was evident in the sham group. Plasma sodium concentration was significantly elevated with E2 in FW, but the levels did not change in 50% SW. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly lower in the E2 group compared with sham-injected tilapia in 50% SW. No significant differences were noted in plasma cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or glucose concentration with E2 in 50% SW. E2 significantly lowered several key liver enzyme activities and also decreased gill lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities over a 24-h period. Together, our results suggest that E2 impairs ion regulation in tilapia, partially mediated by a decreased metabolic capacity in liver and gill. The decreased tissue metabolic capacity is likely due to E2-induced energy repartitioning processes that are geared toward VTG synthesis at the expense of other energy-demanding pathways.

scholarly journals Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McKenney ◽  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
James E. Deal ◽  
Julie A. Garden-Robinson ◽  
Yeong S. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise. Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180.9 ± 5.8 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity = 1.009 ± 0.005). Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mL·kg−1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature = 37°C, relative humidity = 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0- and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mL·kg−1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature = 21°C, relative humidity = 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume. Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEq·L−1 (144.6 mmol·L−1), 4.98 mEq·L−1 (4.98 mmol·L−1), and 289.5 mOsm·kg−1H2O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

scholarly journals Electrolyte and Plasma Changes After Ingestion of Pickle Juice, Water, and a Common Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
Gary Mack ◽  
Kenneth L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

Abstract Context: Health care professionals advocate that athletes who are susceptible to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) should moderately increase their fluid and electrolyte intake by drinking sport drinks. Some clinicians have also claimed drinking small volumes of pickle juice effectively relieves acute EAMCs, often alleviating them within 35 seconds. Others fear ingesting pickle juice will enhance dehydration-induced hypertonicity, thereby prolonging dehydration. Objective: To determine if ingesting small quantities of pickle juice, a carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-e) drink, or water increases plasma electrolytes or other selected plasma variables. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated, healthy men (age  =  25 ± 2 years, height  =  179.4 ± 7.2 cm, mass  =  86.3 ± 15.9 kg) completed the study. Intervention(s): Resting blood samples were collected preingestion (−0.5 minutes); immediately postingestion (0 minutes); and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 minutes postingestion of 1 mL/kg body mass of pickle juice, CHO-e drink, or tap water. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma magnesium concentration, plasma calcium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume were analyzed. Urine specific gravity, osmolality, and volume were also measured to characterize hydration status. Results: Mean fluid intake was 86.3 ± 16.7 mL. Plasma sodium concentration, plasma magnesium concentration, plasma calcium concentration, plasma osmolality, and plasma volume did not change during the 60 minutes after ingestion of each fluid (P ≥ .05). Water ingestion slightly decreased plasma potassium concentration at 60 minutes (0.21 ± 0.14 mg/dL [0.21 ± 0.14 mmol/L]; P ≤ .05). Conclusions: At these volumes, ingestion of pickle juice and CHO-e drink did not cause substantial changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations, plasma osmolality, or plasma volume in rested, euhydrated men. Concern that ingesting these volumes of pickle juice might exacerbate an athlete's risk of dehydration-induced hypertonicity may be unwarranted. If EAMCs are caused by large electrolyte loss due to sweating, these volumes of pickle juice or CHO-e drink are unlikely to restore any deficit incurred by exercise.

Function of vasopressinergic neurons in rats under conscious and anesthetized conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. E155-E161
Author(s):  
S. W. Cheng ◽  
W. G. North
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vasopressinergic Neurons

The responses of vasopressinergic neurons to acute salt loading and to graded hemorrhage were studied in rats under conscious and anesthetized conditions. Chronically cannulated rats were used in this study so that pre- and postanesthetic conditions could be studied in the same animals. Anesthesia induced by a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) did not cause a release of vasopressin-associated neurophysin (VP-RNP). In response to infusion of 18% saline, animals in the anesthetized state had significantly greater increases in plasma osmolality (Posmol) and plasma sodium concentration than animals in the conscious state. However, the rate of increase in plasma VP-RNP concentration ([VP-RNP]) as well as the relationship between [VP-RNP] and Posmol were not significantly different for the two states. Graded hemorrhage caused similar rates of increase in [VP-RNP] for animals under conscious and anesthetized conditions. These data suggest that anesthesia induced by ketamine plus pentobarbital sodium does not change the responsiveness of vasopressinergic neurons to acute salt loading and to graded hemorrhage.

Altered expression of epithelial sodium channel in rats with bilateral or unilateral ureteral obstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. F333-F341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Li ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Rikke Norregaard ◽  
Mark A. Knepper ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Epithelial Sodium Channel ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

The roles of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits (α, β, and γ) in the impaired renal reabsorption of sodium and water were examined in rat models with bilateral (BUO) or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 24 h or with BUO followed by release of obstruction and 3 days of observation (BUO-3dR). In BUO rats, plasma osmolality was increased dramatically, whereas plasma sodium concentration was decreased. Immunoblotting revealed a significantly decreased expression of α-ENaC (57 ± 7%), β-ENaC (19 ± 5%), and γ-ENaC (51 ± 10%) as well as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) in the cortex and outer medulla (C+OM) compared with sham-operated controls. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. BUO-3dR was associated with polyuria and impaired renal sodium handling. The protein abundance and the apical labeling of α-ENaC were significantly increased, whereas β- and γ-ENaC as well as 11β-HSD2 expression remained decreased. In UUO rats, expression of α- and β-ENaC and 11β-HSD2 decreased in the C+OM in the obstructed kidney. In contrast, the abundance and the apical labeling of α-ENaC in the nonobstructed kidneys were markedly increased, suggesting compensatory upregulation in this kidney. In conclusion, α-, β-, and γ-ENaC expression levels are downregulated in the obstructed kidney. The expression and apical labeling of α-ENaC were increased in BUO-3dR rats and in the nonobstructed kidneys from UUO rats. These results suggest that altered expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC may contribute to impaired renal sodium and water handling in response to ureteral obstruction.

Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in chronically hyposmolar rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. R1028-R1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Verbalis ◽  
J. Dohanics
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Rapid Correction

Neurohypophysial secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) was studied in rats maintained under hyposmolar conditions for 10-24 days. Graded intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline solutions had no consistent effect on plasma AVP and OT levels until plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) exceeded 130 mM, after which levels of both hormones increased as an exponential function of plasma [Na+]. Detectable increases in plasma AVP and OT began at significantly lower plasma [Na+] in hyposmolar rats than in normosmolar control rats (10.8 mM lower for AVP and 18.4 mM lower for OT). AVP and OT secretion in hyposmolar rats was also markedly blunted in response to nonosmotic stimuli, including acute and chronic hypovolemia and systemic administration of cholecystokinin. Cessation of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin-induced antidiuresis resulted in an appropriately rapid correction of plasma [Na+] to normal levels within 24 h. Consequently, although chronic hyposmolarity caused a moderate downward resetting of the osmotic thresholds for AVP and OT secretion, it did not cause sustained deficits in osmoregulation. These results suggest that osmoreceptor activity is regulated to maintain extracellular fluid and plasma osmolality within narrow absolute ranges rather than responding to relative changes in osmolality.

SURVEY IN SERUM ADH CONCENTRATION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Dung Ngo ◽  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Closed Head

Objective: Study on 106 patients with closed head injury, assessment of serum ADH concentration, correlation with Glasgow score, sodium and plasma osmotic pressure. Patients and methods: Patients with closed head injuries were diagnosed determined by computerized tomography, admitted to the Hue Central Hospital 72 hours ago. Results: (i) Serum concentration of ADH 42.21 ± 47.80 pg/ml. (ii) There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with: (1) Glasgow point r = -0.323, p <0.01; (2) Plasma sodium concentration r = - 0.211, p > 0.05; (3) Plasma osmotic pressure r = - 0.218, p> 0.05. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with Glasgow scale, plasma sodium concentration and osmotic pressure in plasma. Key words: ADH traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Tissue Sodium Storage on Plasma Sodium Concentration in Response to Hypo- and Hypertonic Stimuli

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rosa D. Wouda ◽  
Rik H.G. Olde Engberink ◽  
Eliane F.E. Wenstedt ◽  
Jetta J. Oppelaar ◽  
Liffert Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Storage ◽  
Tissue Sodium

Effects of homologous atrial natriuretic peptide on drinking and plasma ANG II level in eels

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1605-R1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Tsuchida ◽  
Yoshio Takei
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The effects of eel atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on drinking were investigated in eels adapted to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) or in FW eels whose drinking was stimulated by a 2-ml hemorrhage. An intra-arterial infusion of ANP (0.3–3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), which increased plasma ANP level 1.5- to 20-fold, inhibited drinking dose dependently in all groups of eels. The drinking rate recovered to the level before ANP infusion within 2 h after infusate was replaced by saline. The inhibition at 3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1was profound in FW eels and hemorrhaged FW eels, whereas significant drinking still remained after inhibition in SW eels. Plasma ANG II concentration also decreased dose dependently during ANP infusion and recovered to the initial level after saline infusion in all groups of eels. The decrease at 3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1was large in FW eels and hemorrhaged FW eels compared with that of SW eels. Thus the changes in drinking rate and plasma ANG II level were parallel during ANP infusion. Plasma sodium concentration and osmolality decreased during ANP infusion in SW and FW eels, and they were restored after saline infusion. In hemorrhaged FW eels, however, ANP infusion did not alter plasma sodium concentration and osmolality. Hematocrit did not change during ANP infusion in any group of eels. Collectively, ANP infusion at physiological doses decreased drinking rate and plasma ANG II concentration in parallel in both FW and SW eels. It remains undetermined whether the inhibition of drinking is caused by direct action of ANP or through inhibition of ANG II, which is known as a potent dipsogen in all vertebrate species, including eels.

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