scholarly journals Melanocortin antagonism ameliorates muscle wasting and inflammation in chronic kidney disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. F1315-F1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai W. Cheung ◽  
Robert H. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Total Body

Aberrant melanocortin signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we demonstrated that agouti-related peptide (AgRP), a melenocortin-4 receptor antagonist, reduced CKD-associated cachexia in CKD mice. Our previous studies with AgRP utilized dual energy X-ray (DXA) densitometry to assess the body composition in mice (Cheung W, Kuo HJ, Markison S, Chen C, Foster AC, Marks DL, Mak RH. J Am Soc Nephrol 18: 2517–2524, 2007; Cheung W, Yu PX, Little BM, Cone RD, Marks DL, Mak RH. J Clin Invest 115: 1659–1665, 2005). DXA is unable to differentiate water content in mice, and fluid retention in CKD may lead to an overestimate of lean mass. In this study, we employed quantitative magnetic resonance technique to evaluate body composition change following central administration of AgRP in a CKD mouse model. AgRP treatment improved energy expenditure, total body mass, fat mass, and lean body mass in CKD mouse. We also investigated the effect of CKD-associated cachexia on the signaling pathways leading to wasting in skeletal muscle, as well as whether these changes can be ameliorated by central administration of AgRP. AgRP treatment caused an overall decrease in proinflammatory cytokines, which may be one important mechanism of its effects. Muscle wasting in CKD may be due to the activation of proteolytic pathways as well as inhibition of myogenesis and muscle regeneration processes. Our results suggest that these aberrant pathological pathways leading to muscle wasting in CKD mice were ameliorated by central administration of AgRP.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Initial Tacrolimus Metabolism Rate and Recipients Body Composition in Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5793
Author(s):  
Aureliusz Kolonko ◽  
Patrycja Pokora ◽  
Natalia Słabiak-Błaż ◽  
Beata Czerwieńska ◽  
Henryk Karkoszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tacrolimus Concentration ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

There are several premises that the body composition of kidney transplant recipients may play a role in tacrolimus metabolism early after transplantation. The present study aimed at analyzing the relationship between the body composition parameters assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and initial tacrolimus metabolism. Immediately prior to transplantation, BIA using InBody 770 device was performed in 122 subjects. Tacrolimus concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio was calculated based on the first blood trough level measurement. There was no difference in phase angle, visceral fat area, lean body mass index (LBMI) and the proportion of lean mass as a percentage of total body mass between the subgroups of slow and fast metabolizers. However, subjects with LBMI ≥ median value of 18.7 kg/m2, despite similar initial tacrolimus dose per kg of body weight, were characterized by a significantly lower tacrolimus C/D ratio (median 1.39 vs. 1.67, respectively; p < 0.05) in comparison with the subgroup of lower LBMI. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that age (rpartial = 0.322; p < 0.001) and LBMI (rpartial = −0.254; p < 0.01) independently influenced the tacrolimus C/D ratio. A LBMI assessed by BIA may influence the tacrolimus metabolism in the early post-transplant period and can be a useful in the optimization of initial tacrolimus dosing.

scholarly journals Effect of body mass index on the association between alcohol consumption and the development of chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Hashimoto ◽  
Takahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Yoshinari Yasuda ◽  
Takuji Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThe influence of body mass or metabolic capacity on the association between alcohol consumption and lower risks of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully elucidated. We examined whether the body mass index (BMI) affects the association between drinking alcohol and CKD. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or positive proteinuria (≥ 1+). Participants were 11,175 Japanese individuals aged 40–74 years without baseline CKD who underwent annual health checkups. Daily alcohol consumption at baseline was estimated using a questionnaire, and the participants were categorized as “infrequent (occasionally, rarely or never),” “light (< 20 g/day),” “moderate (20–39 g/day),” and “heavy (≥ 40 g/day).” Over a median 5-year observation period, 936 participants developed CKD. Compared with infrequent drinkers, light drinkers were associated with low CKD risks; adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.81 (0.69–0.95). Stratified by BMI (kg/m2), moderate drinkers in the low (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), and high (≥ 25.0) BMI groups had adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 3.44 (1.60–7.42), 0.75 (0.58–0.98), and 0.63 (0.39–1.04), respectively. Taken together, the association between alcohol consumption and CKD incidence was not the same in all the individuals, and individual tolerance must be considered.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals Internal Proportions of The Body Composition in Members of the Female National Tennis Team of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jagiello ◽  
Wladislaw Jagiello
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Contemporary anthropological research confirms the fact that body composition is one of the basic elements differentiating athletes from persons not practising sport. Among athletes representing various branches of sport there are also significant differences in their body composition. Internal proportions of the body composition of an athlete, or a selected group of athletes, is an especially important yet little researched issue of sports anthropology. This problem is still topical in sports games, especially in tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine internal proportions of the body composition of female tennis players from the Polish national team in comparison to persons who do not practice sport professionally. The study involved female athletes of the Polish national tennis team (n = 10). The study was carried out in a training camp from 28 September to 9 October 2002 in Zakopane — Centre of Sports Preparation. Athletes’ age was 16—20 (18.1 ± 1.4) years, and the training experience 8—12 years (10.5 ± 1.8). The mean body height for the group members was 171.9 ± 6.7 cm and the mean body mass 59.7 ± 6.3 kg. The results of research by Piechaczek et al. (1996) constituted the reference point for the results of measurements of Polish tennis representatives. The authors studied 153 female students of Warsaw Technical University aged 20.2 ± 1.09 years. They were randomly chosen students of the first and the second year of various departments at this university. The mean body height of the students was 166.2 ± 6.2 cm and the mean body mass 57.4 ± 7.72 kg. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard instruments (Drozdowski, 1998). The analysis involved 11 somatic features which determined three so-called factors of body composition: length (m1), stoutness (m2) and obesity (m3). The assessment of proportions of the body composition was made by means of Perkal’s natural indices (1953) with Milicerowa’s modifications (1956). We determined the following: composition factors (m), index of total body size (M), internal proportions of the body composition, evenness of composition, the code of internal proportions; also the assessment of internal proportions of the body composition within each of the factors.Taking into consideration the mean values of the studied somatic features in the control group and the comparative group we found differences in their body composition. The representatives of the Polish national tennis team showed substantially longer upper and lower limbs, and the body height was greater. They also had much greater forearm perimeter and shorter pelvic width. As to the total body size, the tennis players slightly exceeded the students (M = 0.24). The total body size (M) resulted from high values of length features (m1 = 1.01), low ones of stoutness (m2 = –0.39) and medium ones of obesity (m3 = 0.1). The value of the intragroup variability index (harmony of composition) amounted to 1.4 and the code of internal proportions of tennis players’ body composition — to 6—2—4. The proportions of internal features of the stoutness index (natural indices of features within a factor) showed the advantage of the forearm perimeter (1.62) and elbow width (0.36). The knee width (–1.30) and pelvic width (–0.60) were disproportionate to the total value of this factor. The input of features characterizing the length factor was relatively proportional.Keywords: tennis, training, body composition, internal proportions.

scholarly journals Accounting for height in indices of body composition during childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O'Keeffe ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Age And Sex

Correlations of body composition with height vary by age and sex during childhood. Standard approaches to accounting for height in measures of body composition (dividing by height (in meters)2) do not take this into account. Using measures of total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) at ages nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 years from a longitudinal UK cohort study (ALSPAC), we calculated indices of body composition at each age by dividing measures by height (in meters)2. We then produced age-and sex-specific powers of height using allometric regressions and calculated body composition indices by dividing measures by height raised to these powers. TBM, FM and FFM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 11 in females. In males, TBM and FM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 15 years while FM divided by height2 was correlated with height up-to age 11 years. Indices of body composition using age-and sex-specific powers were not correlated with height at any age. In early life, age-and sex-specific powers of height, rather than height in meters2, should be used to adjust body composition for height when measures of adiposity/mass independent of height are required.

scholarly journals Estimation of body composition and water data depends on the bioelectrical impedance device

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália T. Bellafronte ◽  
Marina R. Batistuti ◽  
Nathália Z. dos Santos ◽  
Héric Holland ◽  
Elen A. Romão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

Abstract Overweight, obese and chronic kidney disease patients have an altered and negative body composition being its assessment important. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an easy-to-operate and low-cost method for this purpose. This study aimed to compare and correlate data from single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy applied in subjects with different body sizes, adiposity, and hydration status. It was a cross-sectional study with 386 non-chronic kidney disease volunteers (body mass index from 17 to 40 kg/m2), 30 patients in peritoneal dialysis, and 95 in hemodialysis. Bioelectrical impedance, body composition, and body water data were assessed with single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Differences (95% confidence interval) and agreements (Bland-Atman analyze) between devices were evaluated. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of agreement and Pearson’s correlation to measure the association. Regression analyze was performed to test the association between device difference with body mass index and overhydration. The limits of agreement between devices were very large. Fat mass showed the greatest difference and the lowest intraclass and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Pearson’s correlation varied from moderate to strong and the intraclass correlation coefficient from weak to substantial. The difference between devices were greater as body mass index increased and was worse in the extremes of water imbalance. In conclusion, data obtained with single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy were highly correlated with poor agreement; the devices cannot be used interchangeably and the agreement between the devices was worse as body mass index and fat mass increased and in the extremes of overhydration.

scholarly journals Association between the body mass index and chronic kidney disease in men and women. A population-based study from Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. iv130-iv135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cohen ◽  
A. Fraser ◽  
E. Goldberg ◽  
G. Milo ◽  
M. Garty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals The body composition and excretory burden of lean, obese, and severely obese individuals has implications for the assessment of chronic kidney disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fotheringham ◽  
Nicholas Weatherley ◽  
Bisher Kawar ◽  
Damian G. Fogarty ◽  
Timothy Ellam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severely Obese

scholarly journals Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Should We Care?

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther R. van de Wal-Visscher ◽  
Jeroen P. Kooman ◽  
Frank M. van der Sande
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is an essential cation for multiple processes in the body. The kidney plays a major role in regulating the Mg balance. In a healthy individual, total-body Mg content is kept constant by interactions among intestine, bones and the kidneys. Summary: In case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal regulatory mechanisms may be insufficient to balance intestinal Mg absorption. Usually Mg remains normal; however, when glomerular filtration rate declines, changes in serum Mg are observed. Patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis are largely dependent on the dialysate Mg concentration for maintaining serum Mg and Mg homeostasis. A low Mg is associated with several complications such as hypertension, and vascular calcification, and also associated with an increased risk for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD mortality. Severe hypermagnesaemia is known to cause cardiac conduction defects, neuromuscular effects and muscle weakness; a slightly elevated Mg has been suggested to be beneficial in patients with end-stage renal disease. Key Messages: The role of both low and high Mg, in general, but especially in relation to CKD and dialysis patients is discussed.

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