scholarly journals Role of RACK1 in the differential proliferative effects of neuropeptide Y1–36 and peptide YY1–36 in SHR vs. WKY preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (6) ◽  
pp. F770-F780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Cheng ◽  
Xiao Zhu ◽  
Delbert G. Gillespie ◽  
Edwin K. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Sirna Knockdown

Previous studies show that neuropeptide Y1–36 (NPY1–36) and peptide YY1–36 (PYY1–36), by engaging Y1 receptors, stimulate proliferation of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs). In contrast, these peptides have little effect on proliferation of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) PGVSMCs. Why SHR and WKY PGVSMCs differ in this regard is unknown. Because receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) can modulate cell proliferation, we tested the hypothesis that differences in RACK1 levels/localization may explain the differential response of SHR vs. WKY PGVSMCs to NPY1–36 and PYY1–36. Western blotting for RACK1 in subcellular fractions of cultured SHR and WKY PGVSMCs demonstrated increased levels of RACK1 in the membrane and cytoskeletal subcellular fractions of SHR vs. WKY PGVSMCs. NPY1–36 and PYY1–36 stimulated proliferation of SHR PGVSMCs, and siRNA knockdown of RACK1 abrogated this effect. Neither NPY1–36 nor PYY1–36 stimulated the proliferation of WKY PGVSMCs. However, in WKY PGVSMCs treated with a RACK1 plasmid, both NPY1–36 and PYY1–36 stimulated proliferation. In SHR PGVSMCs, inhibitors of the Gi/phospholipase C/PKC pathway (a pathway known to be organized by RACK1) attenuated the ability of NPY1–36 to stimulate the proliferation of SHR PGVSMCs. Our results suggest that RACK1 modulates the ability of PGVSMCs to respond to the proliferative actions of NPY1–36 and PYY1–36 and differences in RACK1 levels/localization account for, in part, differential proliferative responses to NPY1–36 and PYY1–36 in SHR vs. WKY PGVSMCs. Because dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors increase NPY1–36 and PYY1–36 levels, our findings have implications for the use of such drugs in diabetic patients.

Kinetics of Na+/H+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells from WKY and SHR: effects of phorbol ester

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. C14-C20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hoffmann ◽  
Y. Ko ◽  
A. Sachinidis ◽  
B. O. Gobel ◽  
H. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetic properties of Na+/H+ exchange were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Antiport activity was measured in 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-loaded cells after nigericin-induced cytosolic acidification. Studies were performed without (control) and with pretreatment of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 200 nM). Na+/H+ exchange markedly differed between the two strains with lower Hill coefficients [1.56 +/- 0.17 (SE) vs. 2.62 +/- 0.36] and higher maximal activity (Vmax) values (55.85 +/- 5.24 vs. 31.11 +/- 2.38 mmol H+.l-1.min-1) in SHR compared with WKY cell lines. PMA markedly altered the antiport kinetics in WKY VSMC with a decrease in the Hill coefficient (1.75 +/- 0.14) without affecting Vmax (31.88 +/- 1.55 mmol H+.l-1.min-1). In VSMC from SHR, PMA had no effect on the kinetic variables investigated. Thus two kinetic abnormalities are present with respect to Na+/H+ antiport activity in VSMC from SHR compared with WKY, i.e., increased Vmax and decreased Hill coefficient. The observation that PMA does not affect the kinetics of the Na+/H+ antiport in VSMC from SHR suggests a marked degree of antiporter prestimulation in this animal model of genetic hypertension.

SAM68: a downstream target of angiotensin II signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells in genetic hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. H1954-H1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Mabrouk ◽  
Quy N. Diep ◽  
Karim Benkirane ◽  
Rhian M. Touyz ◽  
Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

We investigated whether phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and 68-kDa Src associated during mitosis (SAM68) are involved in angiotensin II (ANG II) growth signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PI3K activity was assessed by measuring the phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit p85α and kinase activity of the catalytic 110-kDa subunit of PI3K. The PI3K-SAM68 interaction was assessed by coimmunoprecipitation, and SAM68 activity was evaluated by poly(U) binding. SAM68 expression was manipulated by SAM68 antisense oligonucleotide transfection. VSMC growth was evaluated by measuring [3H]leucine and [3H]thymidine incorporation as indexes of protein and DNA synthesis, respectively. ANG II increased the phosphorylation of p85α and kinase activity of the 110-kDa PI3K subunit in VSMCs from SHR and transiently increased p85α-SAM68 association. In Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat cells, ANG II increased SAM68 phosphorylation without influencing poly(U) binding. In SHR, ANG II did not influence SAM68 phosphorylation but increased SAM68 binding to poly(U). ANG II stimulated phosphoinositol phosphate synthesis by PI3K in SAM68 immunoprecipitates in both groups, with significantly enhanced effects in SHR. Inhibition of PI3K, using the selective inhibitor LY-294002, and downregulation of SAM68, by antisense oligonucleotides, significantly decreased ANG II-stimulated incorporation of [3H]leucine and [3H]thymidine in VSMCs, showing the functional significance of PI3K and SAM68. Our data demonstrate that PI3K and SAM68 are involved in ANG II signaling and that SAM68 is differentially regulated in VSMCs from SHR. These processes may contribute to the enhanced ANG II signaling and altered VSMC growth in SHR.

scholarly journals Receptor-dependent prorenin activation and induction of PAI-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. E810-E819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Zhang ◽  
Nancy A. Noble ◽  
Wayne A. Border ◽  
Rick T. Owens ◽  
Yufeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Pai 1

Although elevated plasma prorenin levels are commonly found in diabetic patients and correlate with microvascular complications, the pathological role of these increases, if any, remains unclear. Prorenin/renin binding to the prorenin/renin receptor [(p)RR] enhances the efficiency of angiotensinogen cleavage by renin and unmasks prorenin catalytic activity. We asked whether plasma prorenin could be activated in local vascular tissue through receptor binding. Immunohistochemical staining showing localization of the (p)RR in the aorta to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). After cultured rat VSMCs were incubated with 10−7 M inactive prorenin, cultured supernatant acquired the ability to generate ANG I from angiotensinogen, indicating that prorenin had been activated. Activated prorenin facilitated angiotensin generation in cultured VSMCs when exogenous angiotensinogen was added. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the (p)RR blocked this activation and subsequent angiotensin generation. Prorenin alone induced dose- and time-dependent increases in mRNA and protein for the profibrotic molecule plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, effects that were blocked by siRNA, but not by the ANG II receptor antagonist saralasin. When inactive prorenin and angiotensinogen were incubated with cells, PAI-1 mRNA increased a striking 54-fold, 8-fold higher than the increase seen with prorenin alone. PAI-1 protein increased 2.75-fold. These effects were blocked by treatment with siRNA + saralasin. We conclude that prorenin at high concentration binds the (p)RR on VSMCs and is activated. This activation leads to increased expression of PAI-1 via ANG II-independent and -dependent mechanisms. These data provide a mechanism by which elevated prorenin levels in diabetes may contribute to the progression of fibrotic disease.

scholarly journals RACK1 regulates angiotensin II-induced contractions of SHR preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. F565-F576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhu ◽  
Edwin K. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The preglomerular microcirculation of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is hypersensitive to angiotensin (ANG) II, and studies have shown that this is likely due to enhanced coincident signaling between G protein subunits αq (Gαq; released by ANG II) and βγ (Gβγ; released by Gi-coupled receptors) to active phospholipase C (PLC). Here we investigated the molecular basis for the enhanced coincident signaling between Gβγ and Gαq in SHR preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs). Because receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1; a scaffolding protein) organizes interactions between Gβγ, Gαq, and PLC, we included RACK1 in this investigation. Cell fractionation studies demonstrated increased levels of membrane (but not cytosolic) Gβ, Gαq, PLCβ3, and RACK1 in SHR PGVSMCs compared with Wistar-Kyoto rat PGVSMCs. In SHR PGVSMCs, coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated RACK1 binding to Gβ and PLCβ3, but only at cell membranes. Pertussis toxin (which blocks Gβγ) and U73122 (which blocks PLC) reduced membrane RACK1; however, RACK1 knockdown (shRNA) did not affect membrane levels of Gβ, Gαq, or PLCβ3. In a novel gel contraction assay, RACK1 knockdown in SHR PGVSMCs attenuated contractions to ANG II and abrogated the ability of neuropeptide Y (which signals via Gβγ) to enhance ANG II-induced contractions. We conclude that in SHR PGVSMCs the enlarged pool of Gβγ and PLCβ3 recruits RACK1 to membranes and RACK1 then organizes signaling. Consequently, knockdown of RACK1 prevents coincident signaling between ANG II and the Gi pathway. This is the first study to implicate RACK1 in vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and suggests that RACK1 inhibitors could be effective cardiovascular drugs.

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